Climate Change Impacts on Outbreak of Brown Plant Hopper in Vietnam and Options for Prevention

Climate Change Impacts on Outbreak of Brown Plant Hopper in Vietnam and Options for Prevention

PROJECT INFORMATION Vietnamese project partners: - Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI). - Plant Protection Department (PPD). - Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN). - Centre for Irrigation Technology Software at Institute for Water Resources Planning (CITS). Danish project partner: Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University (AU). Japanese collaborator: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS). Start Date: June 1, 2014 End Date: March 31, 2017

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Background: - Vietnam is considered one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change. - Agriculture depends on the climate (growing conditions, crops, cultivars, cultivation practices and biological interactions within the agro-ecosystem). - New insect pests and plant diseases have shown up, more frequent large-scale epidemics have been observed. These may relative with climate change. - Rice is the most important crops in Vietnam and the main reason of rice production lost is outbreak of Brown Planthopper. - We hypothesize that climate change is one of the factors likely to cause BPH outbreaks.

THE OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT Overall objective To assess the impact of climate change on the outbreak potential of Brown Planthopper (Niloparvata lugen Stål) in Vietnam and propose policies and strategies for prevention. Immediate objectives 1. To estimate BPH life history parameters (development rate, survival, fecundity) as determined by climatic parameters (temperature, air humidity, CO 2 ) in combination with cultivation parameters (rice cultivar, insecticide type and dosage, soil nutrient level). 2. To establish a BPH trapping network at six stations from north to south in Vietnam and thereby analyse the migration patterns of BPH, including BPH genetic markers. 3. To develop a mathematical model to predict outbreaks of BPH in Vietnam based on BPH life history parameters, BPH insecticide resistance and biotype virulence genes, climate and cultivation practices.

THE OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 4. To describe the BPH molecular basis of insecticide resistance and BPH virulence biotypes. 5. To develop policies and strategies that will prevent BPH outbreaks in Vietnam based on simulation scenarios incorporating climate change and cultivation parameters (rice cultivar, insecticide type and dosage, soil nutrient level). 6. To disseminate information on policies and strategies that will prevent BPH outbreaks in Vietnam 7. To enhance the research capacity of Vietnamese institutions with regards to ecological modelling and molecular tools for integrated pest management.

Main results: MAIN RESULTS AND OUTCOME OF PROJECT - Establishment of equipments for research. Insect rearing chamber with adjustment of (T, RH%, CO2)

BPH trap in Phu Yen Province

GIS system for inputing data of survey

Insect rearing room for testing insecticide resistance

Laboratory of molecular biology

Main results: - Data of controlled-conditions experiments in insect rearing chamber (experimental units, treatment factors, treatment levels, combinations, samples, measurement variables, replication) have been conducted at PPRI. - Historical data of BPH population dynamic in field of North, Center and South regions, during 2003 2013, has collected and put in WebGIS. - Data of BPH population dynamic in field at North, Center and South, in 2014, 2015 and 2016 have been collecting and putting on WebGIS. - Twenty BPH strains from all regions of Vietnam were collected and tested insecticide resistance by leaf dip method. - Three BPH strains were reared for mass production to analyze in level of molecular biology.

Main results: - Two PhD students engaged, under co-supervisors of Vietnamese and Danish, are studying at Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science (VAAS); - PhD students have been visiting Denmark from 15 April 15 July 2016; - Two researchers visited Denmark from 15-23 April 2016.

Main results: - Collaboration with Danish researchers: + Ecological modelling and molecular biology; + Scientific visiting and PhD straining;

Main results: - Collaboration with Danish researchers: + Ecological modelling and molecular biology; + Scientific visiting and PhD straining;

Main results: MAIN RESULTS AND OUTCOME OF PROJECT - Collaboration with Japanese researchers: + National Institute for Agrobiological Science (NIAS), Insect Division, Insect-Plant Interaction Research Unit, provides information of DNA markers for identification of insecticide resistance, biotype and scientific visiting.

Main results: - Collaboration with Vietnamese researchers: + IMHEN supports data of meteorology, climatology and climate change scenarios for research regions. + CIST constructed WebGIS and analyzed the data for input and output data of BPH population dynamic.

Main results: + PPD has provided data on agricultural practices (insecticide use, rice varieties cultivated) and help disseminating project results to farmers. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI) Plant Protection Department (PPD) Province sub-department (sub-ppd) District Plant Protection Station (PPS) Commune extensionist Farmer

Outcome: - Data set of climate impact on BPH population dynamic in laboratory and field is analyzing and first draft scientific paper is writing. - Data set of insecticide resistance in Vietnam is analyzing and the second draft paper is writing. - Expression in molecular level of some insecticide resistance genes is analyzing and the third draft paper will be published. - New guideline for BPH management will be accepted and issued by MARD via PDD. - Research capacity is enhanced in ecological modeling and molecular biology for PPRI. - PPRI attracts more international collaboration and increase chance for getting research funding.

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