H D R I I N D U S S HEALTH-CARE DESIGN RESOURCE Tuberculosis (TB) what you should know...
CREDITS - Coordinator: - Expert Reviews /Contributors: Contributors: - Graphics layout: - Sketches: Tariq Alexander Qaiser Dr. Edward Nardell Dr. Naseem Salahuddin Myla Ashfaq Dr. Farhana Amanullah Dr. Zafar Zaidi Talal Baweja Abdullah Omer Asghar Ali Reza Dossal Daniel Haider Mota Arsalan-ul-Haq Hussain Jesserwala Rubab J. Peracha H D R I N D U S HEALTH-CARE DESIGN RESOURCE INDUS HOSPITAL The Indus Hospital, Korangi Crossing, Karachi 75190, Pakistan Tel: +92-21-5112709-17 Email: info@indushospital.org.pk Web Site: www.indushospital.org.pk INDUS HDR The Indus Health Care Design Resource 7-G, Block 6, PECHS Karachi 75400, Pakistan Tel: +92-21-4539623 Email: indushdr@gmail.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS What is Tuberculosis (TB)?............................................... How does one get TB?.................................................. Symptoms to look out for................................................ Types of TB........................................................... Diagnostic tests required................................................. Treatments provided.................................................... 1 2 3 5 7 8 Side effects of the treatment............................................... 9 Myths about the transmission of TB......................................... 10 How to prevent others from getting infected: If you have lung TB.................. 11 How to protect oneself when dealing with TB................................ 12
What is Tuberculosis (TB)? _ Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis TB is CURABLE! _ It affects the lungs first but it can spread to other parts of the body Any person can get TB, but children, elderly, ill, malnourished, smokers, people with weak immune systems or HIV are more vulnerable to Tuberculosis 1
How does one get TB? - TB is transmitted by Mycobacterium carried on very small droplets originating from the lungs - When a person with TB coughs or sneezes, laughs loudly or spits while talking, he can spread these droplets into the air - If someone else breathes in these aerosolized droplets containing TB germs, he can also get infected with TB - Germs can spread from the lungs to other parts of the body 2
Symptoms to look out for... Any two or more of the following... - Prolonged fever - Prolonged cough - Fatigue Prolonged fever Prolonged cough lasting 2 weeks or more - Blood stained sputum - Appetite loss - Night sweats - Unexplained weight loss Fatigue Blood stained sputum - Chronic swollen glands 3
Symptoms to look out for... - Prolonged fever - Prolonged cough - Fatigue - Blood stained sputum - Appetite loss - Night sweats - Unexplained weight loss - Chronic swollen glands Appetite loss Unexplained weight loss Night sweats Chronic swollen glands 4
Types of TB... LATENT TB - A person feels healthy and shows no symptoms - TB is Non-contagious at this stage ACTIVE TB - A person starts feeling ill and has cough, fever and weight loss - Pulmonary (lung TB) - It affects the lungs - It is contagious - Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) - It affects other parts of the body such as glands, brain, intestines, ovaries etc - It is not contagious 5
Types of TB... MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TB (MDR-TB) - If TB is not treated completely and correctly, the germs gain resistance to the drugs and the illness becomes difficult to cure- resulting in MDR-TB XDR TB - Extensive drug resistance (XDR) may develop if there is further resistance to almost all anti TB drugs, making it extremely difficult to treat the illness - MDR-TB is contagious 6
Diagnostic tests required... Sputum test Skin test (especially in children) X - ray 7
Treatments provided... - Latent TB patients are given preventive treatments under specific circumstances - TB drugs need to be taken regularly and as per instructions - MDR TB requires two years of treatment with multiple drugs TB is treated with a combination of drugs 8
Some patients suffer from side effects due to the drugs... - But your health care counselor will support you through your treatment - Do not stop or change your medicines. Tell your doctor and he/she may be able to guide you 9
Myths about the transmission of TB...?? Blood Touching TB is not caused or transmitted by... - Blood - Touching - Sharing dishes - Body excreta - Clothes Sharing dishes 10
How to prevent others from getting infected... If you have lung TB - Cover your mouth and nose, while coughing or sneezing - Practice good personal hygiene - Do not spit before others - Wear a face mask as much as possible - Avoid close contact with other family members when contagious - Keep the house well ventilated and allow sunlight to enter 11
How to protect oneself when dealing with TB... - Keep distance from the infected person - Wear a N95 mask (respirator) N95 respirator 12
TB is CURABLE! THE INDUS HOSPITAL Email: info@indushospital.org.pk Web Site: www.indushospital.org.pk H D R I N D U S HEALTH-CARE DESIGN RESOURCE INDUS HDR Email: indushdr@gmail.com