African swine fever in Poland Epidemiological situation and implemented actions Michał Popiołek General Veterinary Inspectorate

African swine fever in Poland Epidemiological situation and implemented actions Michał Popiołek General Veterinary Inspectorate

Outline - Introduction - Description of the cases and outbreaks - Implemented measures - Data on animal population in the affected area

Worldwide epizootic situation - ASF is endemic in Subsaharan Africa and in Sardinia; In 2007 the ASF virus appeared in the states situated in the Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan) and in the Russian Federation; - Since 2007 ASF has been spreading across the countries situated in the Caucasus, as well as the territory of the Russian Federation; - In 2012 one ASF outbreak in Ukraine was recorded; - In June 2013 2 cases in Belarus were recorded; - In 2014 ASF cases and outbreaks were found in Ukraine, Lithuania, Poland and Latvia.

Preventive actions Risk analysis The high risk of introduction of ASF to Poland was connected mainly to: - Unfavourable situation in the countries neighbouring Poland (ASF was detected in all the neighbouring third countries); - The ASF virus can spread by many different pathways. Because of the threat, since 2011 preventive measures (reduction of the risk of transmission, early detection of possible infection, preparation for disease eradication) were implemented.

Preventive actions Preventive measures implemented in Poland: Strengthening biosecurity and control activities in the border inspection posts Performing awareness and information campaigns and exercises Strengthening the system of control on trade in animals susceptible to African swine fever and products derived from them Ongoing active and passive ASF monitoring in pigs and wild boar population within the frontier zone along the border with RU, LT, BY, UA

Preventive actions Monitoring Results of monitoring programme in 2011 2014 in the whole country (as of end of February 2014) No. of animals tested 2011-2013 2014 2011-2014 wild wild wild pigs pigs pigs boar boar boar 2 124 13 063 11 808 8 096 13 932 21 159 total 35 092* * Including a test on a single hybrid of wild boar and domestic pig No positive results in 2011-2013 In 2014: 29 positive results in wild boar (wild boar forming 13 cases) and 6 positive results in pigs (pigs forming 2 outbreaks)

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland

First ASF case in wild boar in PL

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: near the village Grzybowszczyzna municipality Szudziałowo, district sokólski, podlaskie region), about 900 m from the border with Belarus Animal: 1 dead (frozen) wild boar Date of finding: 03.02.2014; the wild boar was found by the owner of a nearby holding Result received on: 17.02.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: near the village Kruszyniany (municipality Krynki, district sokólski, podlaskie region), about 15 km from the first ASF case in a wild boar and about 3 km from the border with Belarus Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 15.02.2014, the dead wild boar was found by the Border Guard Result received on: 18.02.2014 (results indicated a fresh infection)

Preventive actions Monitoring Results of surveillance activities in the area under restrictions No. of samples collected 31 March 17 1-30 March 2014 August 2014 (larger area) (smaller area) pigs wild boar pigs wild boar 65 127 shot 33 found dead 9950 live 10 dead 990 shot 93 found dead

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: on the Polish Belarus border river of Świsłocz. The place of the carcass was located appr. 800 m from the Rudaki village (municipality of Krynki, sokólski district, Podlaskie region) and appr. 4,5 km from the place of finding of the second case of ASF in wild boar Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 19.05.2014 Result received on: 29.05.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in the vicinity of Łosiniany village (municipality of Krynki, sokólski district, Podlaskie region) at a distance of 3 km from border with Belarus Animal: 3 dead wild boar (adult female and two piglets) Date of finding: 29.05.2014 Result received on: 30.05.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in the forest area near the village Słoja (municipality of Szudziałowo, sokólski district, Podlaskie region) at a distance of 9 km from the border between Poland and Belarus. Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 24.06.2014 Result received on: 27.06.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in the boundary area between Poland and Belarus in białostocki district (near the border river), Podlaskie region. Animal: 4 dead wild boar (adult female and three piglets) Date of finding: between 24 and 30 June 2014 Result received on: 27.06-1.07.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in a forest area, in the municipality of Gródek (białostocki district, Podlaskie region), approximately 1 km from the nearest village of Łużany and approximately 4 km from the border between Poland and Belarus. Animal: 6 dead wild boar (adult) Date of finding: 4.07.2014 Result received on : 7.07.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in a forest area located in the municipality of Gródek (białostocki district, Podlaskie region), approximately 1,5 km from the nearest village of Wiejki and approximately 6 km from the border between Poland and Belarus Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 8.07.2014 Result received on: 10.07.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in a forest area in the municipality of Gródek (białostocki district, Podlaskie region), approximately 1,5 km from the nearest village of Skroblaki, approximately 3,5 km from the place of finding of wild boar from the 7th case of ASF, and approximately 7,5 km from the border between Poland and Belarus Animal: 6 dead wild boar (young and adult) Date of finding: 15.07.204 Result received on: 17.07.2014 (for 5 out of 6 wild boar, one sample was unsuitable for testing)

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in forest area in the municipality of Gródek (białostocki district, Podlaskie region), 11,5 km from the Belarus border Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 29.07.2014 Result received on: 31.07.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in the forest area near the village of Jałówka (municipality of Michałowo, białostocki district, Podlaskie region), 3,5 km from Belarus border Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 29.07.2014 Result received on: 31.07.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: 2014 in a forest area in the municipality of Gródek (białostocki district, Podlaskie region), approximately 2,5 km from the nearest village of Zubry and Wiejki, approximately 0,7 km from the place of finding of wild boar from the 8th case of ASF, and approximately 7 km from the border between Poland and Belarus. Animal: 2+1 dead wild boar (piglets) that were found in the same area in the forest some days apart Date of finding: 30.07.2014/11.08.2014 Result received on: 1.08.2014/ 12.08.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in a field near the village of Horczaki Górne (municipality of Szudziałowo, sokólski district, Podlaskie region), approximately 6,5 km from the place of finding the wild boar from the 5th case of ASF, and approximately 5,5 km from the border between Poland and Belarus Animal: 1 dead wild boar Date of finding: 8.08.2014 Result received on: 11.08.2014

Implemented measures 1. Wild boar carcassess are being safely disposed of under supervision of the competent district Veterinary Officer. 2. Epidemiological investigation is being performed. 3. A census of pigs is conducted in the area of a radius of 3 and 10 km from the place of finding of the dead wild boar. 4. Samples are being collected from pigs for ASF testing so far all tests of such pigs provided negative results.

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: in a small backyard holding, in which 5 pigs were kept, located in the outskirts of the village Zielona (municipality of Gródek, białostocki district, Podlaskie region) approximately 4 km from the place of finding of wild boar from the 8th case of ASF and approximately 2,5 km from the border between Poland and Belarus Animal: 5 (8) pigs Date of suspicion : 22.08.2014 Result received on: 23.08.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland On 19 th July 2014 a suspicion of ASF has been raised in the holding after a post-mortem examination of recently dead pig. This was followed by a death of one of 4 pigs still present in the holding. The pig with fever died on 20 th July 2014. Later during the investigation it was revealed that in fact 3 additional pigs died before this event, and were buried near the holding (there was no notification to the veterinary authorities). Samples were collected and sent for laboratory testing for ASF to the NVRI. The remaining three pigs started to show clinical signs of a disease, they were culled, and the holding has been subject to disinfection. The carcasses of the dead and killed pigs, also unearthed carcasses of the 3 pigs that died previously, as well as feed and any material that could possibly be contaminated with ASF virus have been safely disposed of under supervision by the competent District Veterinary Officer.

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Since the confirmation on the 23.08.2014 all the appropriate measures concerning confirmation of ASF in pigs laid down in Directive 2002/60/EC are being implemented. An outbreak has been established, followed by establishing of protection and surveillace areas (a census was performer in those areas in the protection area there were no pigs). A decision has been made to perform preventive culling of pigs in certain holdings in the area in question, on the basis of risk analysis. In total in the protection area 109 pigs from 23 holdings have been destroyed. In total in the surveillace area 151 pigs in 47 holdings have been destroyed. All the carcasses have been safely disposed of.

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland Place: a small backyard holding, in which 1 pig was kept, located in the outskirts of the village Józefów (municipality of Gródek, białostocki district, Podlaskie region) approximately 13 km from the Belarusian border and 5 km to place of finding the wild boar from the 9th case of ASF Animal: 1 pig Date of suspicion: 6.08.2014 Result received on: 8.08.2014

ASF cases and outbreaks in Poland On 6 August 2014 a suspicion of ASF has been raised in the holding after a clinical examination and subsequent post-mortem examination performed after diagnostic killing of pig (proper samples have been collected in the process and sent for laboratory testing for ASF to the NVRI). After killing the pig, disinfection of the building and backyard in the holding has been performed. The carcass of the killed pig has been safely disposed under supervision of the competent District Veterinary Officer. On 8 August an outbreak has been established in the now empty holding, followed by establishing of protection and surveillace areas (a census was performer in those areas in the protection area there were no pigs). Due to the low numer of pigs in those areas it was decided to kill those animals (with compensation to the owners) as of now 23 pigs in 2 holdings were killed.

? Epidemiological investigation Source of infection for the first cases The source of infection in wild boar could not be determined with 100% certainty, however the most probable source of entry of ASF to Poland were infected wild boar from Belarus. Epidemiological findings support this hypothesis:? The ASF viruses isolated in the cases that underwent additional testing in the EURL belong to genotype 2 and are identical with viruses isolated in Lithuania and Belarus, showing 100% homology. All the ASF cases in Poland are located in proximity from the border with Belarus (not exceeding the distace of app. 13 km). No evidence of infection in pigs has been found (intensive surveillance in place since 2013). The wild boar could not have got infected from pigs. In accordance wit available information in BY, near the border area, intensive hunts on wild boar were being carried out in 2014.

Implemented measures Preventive measures (a) and Regionalisation (b+c) a) b) c)

Implemented measures Preventive actions In the areas most threatened by the risk of ASF introduction (highlighted on the map with orange colour) special local (regional) regulations have been implemented in August 2013 (with the addition of gołdapski district in January 2014). Districts mentioned in those local regulations constituted an area in which basically preventive measures have been implemented - the regulations set up strict rules and measures that mainly aimed to create a secure system of trade in pigs and all products derived from pigs and wild boar. However, regardless of the measures applicable in accordance with the above mentioned local regulations, an ASF monitoring programme for 2013 was applied also in other territories of Poland - especially the territories bordering with third countries (Ukraine). Monitoring zone

Implemented measures Commission Implementing Decision 2014/100/EU of 18 February 2014 concerning certain interim protective measures relating to African swine fever in Poland (later replaced by Decision 2014/134/EU) Infected area (dark orange in the map, as compared to the previous monitoring zone marked with lighter tone of orange) was established in accordance with Article 15 of Council Directive 2002/60/EC Infected area

Implemented measures In the infected area measures in accordance with Article 15 of Directive 2002/60/EC were being implemented until they were supplemented by measures in accordance with the new EU decision 2014/178/UE on 29 March 2014

Implemented measures Moreover, in the infected area additional measures had been implemented: temporary measures in accordance with Directive 2002/99/EC concerning the production, processing and distribution of products of animal origin which come from the infected area (it was possible if those products were produced, treated and identified in accordance with Directive 2002/99/EC); no intra-eu trade in products of animal origin and no export of products of animal origin to third countries had been allowed; laboratory tests of samples collected from pigs and wild boar in the area and the rest of the country were ongoing.

Implemented measures On 29 March 2014 Commission decision concerning animal health control measures relating to African swine fever in certain Member States (2014/178/EU) has been published [It was supplemented by a relevant domestic regulation dated 31 March 2014, which is still applicable] In accordance with this legal acts two kinds of areas have been established in the territory of Poland: Part II of the annex to decision 2014/178/EU indicates the Area under restrictions (red in the map) and Part I indicates the Protective area (yellow; the areas are compared to the previous infected area ) Area under restrictions Protective area

Implemented measures

Implemented measures Currently in the areas designated in acordance with decision 2014/178/EU measures are implemented in accordance with Article 15 of Directive 2002/60/EC and decision 2014/178/EU are being implemented. Proper restrictions are put in in place as regards trade in pigs (rules on movement outsiede the arteas for domestic market and for trade) and their semen/ova/embryos, biosecurity in holdings, products of animal origin (pigs and wild boar) etc. Laboratory tests of samples collected from pigs and wild boar in the area and the rest of the country are ongoing. Furthermore, The Polish plan of measures taken in order to eradicate ASF in wild boar has been developed on the basis of Article 16 of the Council Directive 2002/60/ECand is being implemented.

Data on animal population Pigs No. of pigs No. of herds In the region 515 468 11 831 Area under restrictions 44 019 2 204 Protective area 170 971 3 271 In total in the areas 214 990 5 475 Source: ARMA Area under restrictions Protective area

Data on animal population Wild boar Population of wild boar in Poland in the years 2000-2013 [PHA+DGSF] Year Population of wild boar, in thousands 2000 118.3 2005 173.5 2009 251.0 2010 249.9 2011 267.8 2012 255.8 2013 282.3 A slight, but steady, increase of the wild boar population has been registered during the past 10 years

Data on animal population Wild boar Wild boar population in the Polish voivodeships Wild boar numer in comparison with an average value and density Wild boar acquisition in hunting districts in the 2010/2011 hunting season (wild boar shot per 10 km 2 ) [PHA]

Data on animal population Wild boar The number and density of the wild boar population in the Polish voivodeships, as of 10 March 2013 (rounded figures) [PHA+DGSF] Voivodeship Population of wild boar [heads in thousands] Voivodeship area [km²] Density of wild boar population in the voivodeship [heads per km²] Hunting districts in a voivodeship [km²] Density of wild boar population in the hunting districts [heads per km²] Dolnośląskie 26,8 19 946,74 1,34 17 321,32 1,55 Kujawsko-pomorskie 12,5 17 971,34 0,7 15 949,73 0,78 Lubelskie 17,8 25 122,49 0,71 21 910,53 0,81 Lubuskie 20,4 13 987,88 1,46 12 590,67 1,62 Łódzkie 8,2 18 218,95 0,45 16 648,69 0,49 Małopolskie 6,2 15 182,87 0,41 12 219,29 0,51 Mazowieckie 18,8 35 558,47 0,53 30 408,29 0,62 Opolskie 11,2 9 411,87 1,19 8 199,10 1,37 Podkarpackie 10,8 17 845,66 0,61 13 879,12 0,78 Podlaskie 14,4 20 187,02 0,71 18 423,96 0,78 Pomorskie 20,5 18 310,34 1,12 17 251,11 1,19 Śląskie 9,7 12 333,09 0,79 9 688,62 1,00 Świętokrzyskie 5,4 11 710,50 0,46 10 525,50 0,51 Warmiosko-mazurskie 30,2 24 173,17 1,25 22 780,43 1,33 Wielkopolskie 28,1 29 826,51 0,94 25 660,19 1,10 Zachodniopomorskie 41,3 22 892,48 1,8 20 244,59 2,04 Total/average 282,2 312 679 0,9 273 701,14 1,03

Data on animal population Wild boar Wild boar population in AUR and PA Wild boar population and population density in parts of podlaskie voivodeship, as of March 2014 [PHA+DGSF] Zone Wild boar population [heads] Hunting district area [km²] Wild boar population density [heads/km²] (1) AUR 4782 4420,99 1,08 (2) PA 6589 6842,01 0,96 (1+2) Total 11371 11263,00 1,01

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