Research Misconduct Introduction to Research Misconduct Topics, Discussion, and Group Work Dr Fadhl Alakwaa fadlwork@gmail.com
Contents 1. Learning Goals 2. Learning Objectives 3. Pre test 4. Lecture 5. Post test 6. Acknowledgment
Increase the awareness of the research misconduct in the global research enterprise. Learning Goal
Learning Objectives To expand postgraduate student's knowledge, with irresponsible conduct of research. To explain research misconduct formal definition, types, impacts and social consequences. To train young Yemeni researchers with irresponsible conduct of research. To evaluate common misconduct for case study.
Workshop Questions? 1. What is Research misconduct? 2. What is the importance of research misconduct? 3. How to avoid research misconduct? 4. How often and why researchers do research misconduct? 5. Who should detect research misconduct? 6. What are the measures that should be taken if research conduct was detected? 7. How to avoid research misconduct?
Importance of this workshop
Pre test Please answer the questionnaire.
Research misconduct {FFP} Research Misconduct is: fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. the US Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP)
Falsification تزييف Is manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing, or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.
Examples Manipulation of research materials, equipment or process
Examples Changing data
Examples Omitting data or results
Richard Develop his lab Case study: Falsification John Allen and Richard PhD supervisor Richard hires Allen as a favor to his old mentor (John). For the first six months, Allan s work is poor, and he resents Richard s supervision. Allan produces a dataset that fits Richard s hypotheses a little too perfectly. Richard questions him, and has a student gather some more data, which do not resemble Allan s data at all. When Richard confronts him with this discrepancy, Allan leaves the lab in a huff. Allan s letter was to the Dean of Academic Affairs. In it he claimed that Richard had required him to falsify data and that much of the data Richard had published in the last two years was falsified. How should Richard respond? http://ori.hhs.gov/case-four-accusations-falsifying-data Allen had fallen on hard times
Case study: Falsification What factors might influence the way the Dean perceives this situation? Is it important for the Dean to take such allegations seriously, however illogical they may seem? What kind of documentation would be useful when dealing with a person such as Allan? When should such documentation begin? Should Richard inform others in the lab of Allan s accusation? Should he seek their caseassistance? http://ori.hhs.gov/case-four-accusations-falsifying-data
Fabrication فبركة او تصنيع Fabrication: making up results and recording or reporting them. Cooking Data
Example
Case study fabrication What shall you do to test the reliability of data? What are you procedures if you are sure data are falsified?
Plagiarismانتحال Plagiarism: the appropriation of another s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving proper credit. Plagiarism - Texas A&M University Libraries
http://greenbergcd.hubpages.com/hub/the-problem-of-plagiarism-among-students
How to avoid Plagiarism? http://tjsllibrary.wordpress.com/2012/11/14/new-legal-research-tutorials-on-howto-avoid-plagiarism/
How to avoid Plagiarism? http://ploughlibrary.blogspot.com/2013/08/avoiding-plagiarism.html
Misconception about Plagiarism
Case study: Plagiarism ORI found that Jayant Jagannathan, M.D., University of Virginia Medical Center engaged in research misconduct by including, in five publications, large amounts of text and an illustration that he plagiarized from publications supported by the NIH grant awards. Papers retracted. http://ori.hhs.gov/content/case summaryjagannathan jayant
Research misconduct statistics
Group activity Why do researchers commit research misconduct?
Why do researchers commit research misconduct?
How is misconduct identified? Suspected and reported by a colleague Failure to confirm research results by own lab or others
Group activity Why should we be concerned about research misconduct?
Implications of research misconduct Why should we be concerned about research misconduct? a. Influences research and clinical practice. b. Patients are put at risk by flawed research. c. Retracted work goes on being cited d. Waste of resources, human, and financial. e. Damages public trust in research/science.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larryhusten/2014/01/15/medicine-or-mass- murder-guideline-based-on-discredited-research-may-have-caused- 800000-deaths-in-europe-over-the-last-5-years/
Consequences (if misconduct is substantiated) Withdrawal or correction of all pending and published papers and abstracts affected by the misconduct Reprimand, removal from project, rank and salary reduction, dismissal Restitution of funds to the granting agency Ineligibility to apply for Federal grants for years
Researcher Faces Prison for Fraud in NIH Grant Applications and Papers Science 25 March 2005: Vol. 307. no. 5717, p. 1851 A researcher formerly at the University of Vermont College of Medicine has admitted in court documents to falsifying data in 15 federal grant applications and numerous published articles. Eric Poehlman, an expert on menopause, aging, and metabolism, faces up to 5 years in jail and a $250,000 fine and has been barred for life from receiving any U.S. research funding. The number and scope of falsifications discovered, along with the stature of the investigator, are quite remarkable. "This is probably one of the biggest misconduct cases ever," Poehlman, 49, first came under suspicion in 2000 when Walter DeNino, then a 24 year old research assistant, found inconsistencies in spreadsheets used in a longitudinal study on aging. In an effort to portray worsening health in the subjects, DeNino tells Science, "Dr. Poehlman would just switch the data points."
Group activity How to avoid research misconduct?
How to avoid research misconduct? regulations, guidelines, and commonly accepted professional codes or norms. To protect the integrity of science, we must look beyond falsification, fabrication and plagiarism, to a wider range of questionable research practices Institution education. SCIENCE: Vol 435 9, p.737 June 2005 COMMENTARY Scientists behaving badly
Questions?
Post test Please Re answer the questionnaire.
Acknowledgement NAS UST