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Viruses are entities that: 1. Contain a single type of nucleic acid, either dsdna, ssdna, dsrna or ssrna. 2. Contain a protein coat, called a capsid, (sometimes itself enclosed by an envelope of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) that surrounds the nucleic acid; the capsid is composed of spherical protein subunits called capsomeres. 3. Multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell. 4. Cause the synthesis of specialized structures that can transfer the viral nucleic acid to other cells. 4

Fig. 19.3c 6

Segment: Size (nt) Polypeptide(s)Name: Function 1 2341 PB2 Transcriptase: cap binding 2 2341 PB1 Transcriptase: elongation PB1-F2 IMM protein: programed cell death of monocytes 3 2233 PA Transcriptase: protease activity (?) 4 1778 HA Haemagglutinin: attachment to cell 5 1565 NP Nucleoprotein: RNA binding; part of transcriptase complex; nuclear/ cytoplasmic transport of vrna 6 1413 NA Neuraminidase: release of virus 7 1027 M1 Matrix protein 1: major component of virion; coats inside of membrane M2 Matrix protein 2: integral membrane protein ion channel 8 890 NS1 Non-structural: nucleus; effects on cellular RNA transport, splicing, translation; anti-interferon protein. NS2(NEP) Nuclear export protein: nucleus + cytoplasm, facilitate nuclear export 7

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Fig. 5.24 11

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10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 13

( 500 / virion) ( 100 / virion) http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 14

HA 1 monomer Mir-Shekari, S. Yasamin et al. 1997. The glycosylation of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin by mammalian cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (7): 4027-4036. 15

Sialyllactose: NeuAcα-(2 3) or α-(2 6)- Gal-β-(1 4)-Dglucopyranose 17

Replaced by glutamine in avian virus strains 18

10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 19

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Fig. 6.13a 24

10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 25

Amantadine (Symmetrel ) and Rimantadine (Flumadine ) interfere with M1-vRNP dissociation http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 26

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10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 28

Fig. 6.9 29

10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 32

Transcription: What was happening before the virus infected the respiratory epithelial cell! 33

Fig. 17.24 34

Fig. 17.3 35

Fig. 17.4 36

Fig. 17.5 37

Fig. 17.7 38

Fig. 17.7 39

Fig. 17.7 40

Fig. 17.7 41

Fig. 17.9 42

Fig. 17.7 43

Fig. 17.10 44

Fig. 17.11 45

Fig. 17.12 46

Fig. 17.13 47

RNA-dependent RNA synthesis: What is happening after the virus infects the respiratory epithelial cell! 48

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Translation: What your cell synthesizes when infected by the flu virus! 51

Fig. 17.14 52

Fig. 17.15a 53

Fig. 17.15b,c 54

Fig. 17.16 55

Fig. 17.17a 56

Fig. 17.17b 58

Fig. 17.17c 59

Fig. 17.18 60

P A Fig. 17.19 61

Fig. 17.20 62

Fig. 17.22 63

Fig. 6.10a 64

Fig. 6.11 65

Fig. 17.21 69

Fig. 6.12 71

Fig. 6.15 76

Mir-Shekari, S. Yasamin et al. 1997. The glycosylation of the influenza A virus hemagglutinin by mammalian cells. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (7): 4027-4036. 77

http://ccr.cancer.gov/staff/gallery.asp?profileid=5748 78

Fig. 6.15 79

10. 9. 1. 8. 7. 6. 2. 3. 5. SYNTHESIS OF mrna AND crna 4. ENTRY INTO NUCLEUS http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 80

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Fig. 19-9b 0.5 µm (b) Influenza A H5N1 virus 82

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Genetic Drift vs. Genetic Shift 84

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