Outline IZA and Zinc Zinc and Human Health Zinc and Crops Zinc Nutrient Initiative
Main End Uses of Zinc Other 3% Oxides & Chemicals 6% Die Casting Alloys 15% Brass 10% Galvanizing 60% Semis-Manufactured Products 6% CRU/ILZSG 2017
Outline IZA and Zinc Zinc and Human Health Zinc and Crops Zinc Nutrient Initiative
Key Impacts of Hidden Hunger Micronutrient deficiencies account for ~ 7% of global disease burden 36 countries represent 90% of stunted children globally In these 36 countries, micronutrient deficiencies cause 12% of life years lost (DALYs) Micronutrient deficiency results in a 2-3% loss of global GDP
Zinc Deficiency a Global Issue 2 BILLION People worldwide who don t get enough zinc 800,000 People at risk of dying each year from zinc deficiency 1.5 MILLION Children who die each year from diarrhea 450,000 Children at risk of dying every year due to zinc deficiency
Effects of Human Zinc Deficiency Reduced growth Dermatitis, alopecia Neurological development Decreased immune function Infections Death
Zinc Health Initiatives Zinc Saves Kids program launched with UNICEF to reduce deficiency/mortality 4 million USD over past few years Program areas included Nepal, Peru and now Mexico IZA also partnered with Gates Foundation, UN Foundation and others to expand impact in other areas IZA Members have invested over 10 million in effort
Zinc deficiency in Soil Links Directly to Zinc Deficiency in Humans Soils Humans Alloway, 2008 11 Black et al, 2008
Outline IZA and Zinc Zinc and Human Health Zinc and Crops Zinc Nutrient Initiative
Zn Deficiency in Soils/Crops Is the most common micronutrient deficiency Will prevent plants from reaching their full potential even if their macronutrient needs are met. Directly correlates to zinc deficiency in humans especially in developing nations that rely on cereal crops Occurs in 50% of the world s agricultural soils - FAO Moderate Zn deficiency Widespread Zn deficiency Can be corrected with a simple, sustainable solution
With Zinc Without Zinc... Wheat plants Crops in Central Anatolia Corn crops in Paraguay Rice Paddies in China
Zinc in Maize
Zinc Fertilizer Options Zinc can be added directly as ZnSO4 or ZnO Bulk blended with fertilizers such as NPK, urea etc Chemically blended with fertilizers
GRAIN YIELD, T HA-1 NPK + Zn Fertilizers = Increased Production 2.5 2 NPK+Zn showed the highest yield increase on experimental wheat crops in India, 20-50% N:120 P:60 K:60 NPK+Zn 1.5 NP NPK 1 N 0.5 25 ZnSO 4 0 FERTILIZER ADDED, KG HA-1
Benefit:Cost Ratio of Using Zinc
Zn Concentrations, mg/kg 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Zinc Grain Increases from Fertilizer Application (ZnSO4 kg/ha) Control Zn15 Zn30 Zn45 44 45 42 40 37 37 34 35 36 36 34 34 28 26 27 28 Hebei (N1) HeBei (N2) Shaanxi(N1) Shaanxi(N2Zn10)
Zn content in animal serum samples (rats) as influenced by Zn levels in grain Soil Zn status (ppm) Zn content in grain (ppm) Zn content (µg/ml) in blood serum (Days after feeding) 0 Days 50 days 75 days Deficient (0.35) 32.9 24.3±2. 6 36.1±3. 4 37.7±2.2 Sufficient (0.85 ) 45.3 24.5±2. 5 42.1±3. 9 44.4±1.8 (Shukla et al, 2014) Micronutrients and human/animal health: A way out through soil-plant system
Nutritional Impact of Zinc Fertilizer Use
The message is clear
Outline IZA and Zinc Zinc and Human Health Zinc and Crops Zinc Nutrient Initiative
ZNI Strategy Fertilizer Companies IZA NGOs & Associations Farmers 1) Identification of key barriers/opportunities 2) Crop trials 3) Education/Training 4) Conferences/Workshops 5) Policy changes 6) Success through partnerships Governments
ZNI Activities Mexico Bangladesh China Peru Brazil DRC Malawi India
India IZA working with Ministry of Agriculture and FAI Zinc added to Nutrient Based Subsidy System market responded 40 new blends of Zinc fertilizer products added Zinc fertilizer usage has increased 200% over past 6 years Zinc deficiency improved from 49% to 40%
Bangladesh Project 50% of soils, 55% of people zinc deficient IZA-Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Project on Promotion of Zinc Fertilizer Use in Bangladesh for Food and Nutrition Security initiated in 2016 11 crop trials, workshops and communications in progress
Democratic Republic of the Congo 57% of population at risk for zinc deficiency Two programs funded by Lundin Foundation and MMG ($550,000 over 3 yrs) Focused on improving food & nutrition security with local farmers Initial results showing 27-42% increase in grain production versus local practice
Malawi Collaboration with IZA, ILZSG, and Agricultural Institutions in Africa (DARS, AICC, and CARS) funding by Common Fund for Commodities (United Nations) - $120,000 over 2 yrs Objective: improve yield and nutrition through increased consumption of zinc fortified crops Yields increasing by as high as 58% per hectare; Zn in grain increased 38% Farmers showing their respective rates of yield increase with different percentages of zinc fertilizers during Zinc Awareness Day in Kasungu, Malawi.
CHINA Joint program with Ministry of Agriculture and Teck Zinc added to national recommendation system in 2012 60% increase of Zn-containing fertilizer market Zinc being added to additional provincial fertilizer formulations and formula fertilizer production
China: Impact on Nutrition Joint Program in China with the Ministry Project has encouraged over 20 million farmers 40 million tons of Zn-enriched grain Improved nutrition for more than 200 million people, including 40 million children
Progress is happening but more needs to be done.
Crop Sector Projects by World Bank
Is there an opportunity to add zinc to existing or planned World Bank agricultural activities?
Summary Addressing zinc deficiency through fertilizers will: Increase crop productivity and food security Increase farmer s incomes Improve nutrition security and human health IZA willing to provide any assistance to World Bank
Thank You! www.zinc.org/crops For More Information: agreen@zinc.org www.zinc.org Zinc Nutrient Initiative @ZincForCrops Zinc Nutrient Initiative