Literature Building Mold Sampling Report University of California, San Diego Prepared By: Aurora Industrial Hygiene San Diego, CA Prepared By: Date: April 6, 2009 Karen G. Shockley, CIH #6766
TABLE OF CONTENTS USE OF THIS REPORT... 3 1.0 Introduction... 3 2.0 Executive Summary... 3 3.0 Observations... 4 Table 1. Observations... 4 4.0 Mold Sampling Methodology... 5 Total Spore Air Samples... 6 Viable Air Samples... 6 Moisture Readings... 6 5.0 Laboratory Results for Mold Sampling... 7 Table 2. Indoor and Outdoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results March 5, 2009... 8 Table 3. Indoor and Outdoor Viable Spore Air Sampling Results March 5, 2009... 9 Table 4. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 4 th Floor... 10 Table 5. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 3 rd Floor... 11 Table 6. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 2 nd & 1 st Floors... 12 Table 7. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 1 st Floor... 13 Table 8. Outdoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results March 10 and 12, 2009... 14 6.0 Mold Discussion... 15 7.0 Limitations... 16 Appendix One Photographs... 17 Appendix Two Site Diagrams... 27 Appendix Three Laboratory Reports of Analysis and Chains of Custody... 31 Literature Building Page 2
USE OF THIS REPORT This report is intended to provide an understanding of the potential hazards that the property evaluated in this report may pose to human health due to airborne mold. This report is based primarily upon data and information obtained during a three site visits by Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. (Aurora) to the property identified herein on March 5, 10, and 12, 2009 and is based solely upon the condition of the property on the dates of such assessments. Aurora has performed the work, made the findings, and proposed recommendations described in this report in accordance with generally accepted industrial hygiene and environmental science practices for mold in effect at the time the work was performed. This warrantee stands in lieu of all other warranties, expressed or implied. While this report can be used as a guide by the client, it must be understood that changing circumstances in the environment and in property usage can alter radically the conclusions and information contained in this report. 1.0 Introduction This report documents the findings from mold sampling conducted by Aurora in the Literature Building (#627) on the UCSD La Jolla Campus in San Diego, California. The purposes of the survey were to visually assess the condition of the rooms sampled for signs of water damage or intrusion, and to conduct sampling to indicate whether mold was compromising the indoor air quality in selected rooms throughout all four floors of the building. The survey was limited to a list of rooms provided by UCSD personnel. Per the scope of work as outlined by UCSD, the remainder of the Literature Building was not assessed. In the course of completing this inspection, Aurora met with Steve Benedict and Sarah Meyer, UCSD Environment, Health and Safety Department; and Nancy Ho-Wu and Nancy Daly, Literature Department. Karen Shockley and Rick Shockley visited the site on March 5, 2009. Rick Shockley returned to the site on March 10 and 12, 2009 to complete the inspection and collect samples. All work was completed under the supervision of Certified Industrial Hygienist Karen Shockley (CIH #6766). 2.0 Executive Summary Aurora was provided a list of rooms by UCSD. In each room, Aurora conducted a visual assessment and air sampling for mold. Moisture measurements were conducted if there was a visual indication of water intrusion and randomly of carpet and drywall walls in some of the rooms that were assessed. Air samples for total mold spores and viable mold spores were collected in the building and outdoors. The outdoor air samples were collected to provide an indication of background levels of airborne mold in the area. Surface tape lift samples for mold were not collected because no visible suspect mold was observed by Mr. Shockley. Literature Building Page 3
Air sample results indicated that the airborne mold spores indoors were comparable to the outdoor/background sample locations. Results did not indicate any degradation of the air quality from mold. Moisture readings were all in the safe/dry range. # 3.0 Observations Aurora conducted a visual assessment of the rooms on the list provided by UCSD. Aurora conducted moisture measurements if there was a visual indication of water intrusion and randomly of carpet and drywall walls in some of the rooms that were assessed. The visual assessment included looking above drop ceiling tiles only if stained tiles were noted. The following table indicates the number of operable windows, whether they were opened or closed during the assessment, and any other notable observations found by Mr. Shockley. Surface tape lift samples for mold were not collected because visible suspect mold was not observed by Mr. Shockley. Number of Operable Window Closed or Open Table 1. Observations Other Comments 454 None Office is dusty 453 1 Slightly open 452 1 Closed 451 1 Closed 448 1 Closed 445 1 Open Could be a dog routinely in room, photo on shelf and bowl on floor 443 1 Closed 438 1 Open Office is messy, dog food in room 434 1 Closed Tea cup and honey on a table 431 1 Closed 427 1 Closed 425 1 Closed Not used, pretty empty 410 None New office space 354 None Sink in the room 353 1 Closed 349 1 Closed 348 1 Closed 346 1 Closed 341 1 Slightly open Office is messy, stain on carpet and wall near door appear to be from coffee 337 None Literature Building Page 4
# Number of Operable Window Closed or Open 336 None 333 1 Open 332 1 Open 329 1 Closed 328 1 Closed 326 1 Closed 324 1 Closed Other Comments 310 None Recent remodel (18 months), sink/kitchenette in area 254 None Sink in room, water staining on ceiling tile above sink but everything looked dry above it 251 1 Closed Fan on desk turned off prior to sampling 242 1 Closed 240 1 Slightly open 223 None 210 None There is a kitchen area with microwave and there was a food odor during sampling 110 None 116 1 Closed 117 1 Closed 123 1 Closed Dirty on top of filing cabinets 124 1 Closed Computer server room 128 1 Closed 129 1 Closed 130 1 Closed 133 1 Closed 134 1 Closed 137 Double door Closed Sink in room 138 Double door Open Refrigerator and microwave in room 155 2 Double doors Closed 139 1 Closed 140 1 Closed 141 1 Closed 150 1 Closed 4.0 Mold Sampling Methodology On March 5, 2009 Mr. Shockley collected air samples from ten sample locations, eight inside the building (two on each floor) and two outside of the building. On March 10, 2009 Mr. Shockley collected air samples from 45 sample locations, 42 inside the building (several on each floor) and Literature Building Page 5
three outside of the building. On March 12, 2009 Mr. Shockley collected air samples from two sample locations, one inside room 242, which was inaccessible on March 10, 2009, and one outside of the building. The outdoor air samples were collected to provide an indication of background levels of airborne mold in the area. At each of the sample locations on March 5, one air sample was collected to assess total airborne spores and one was collected to assess viable airborne spores. On March 10 and 12, only air sampling for total mold spores was conducted. Surface tape lift samples for mold were not collected because visible suspect mold was not observed by Mr. Shockley. Moisture measurements were collected randomly of carpet and drywall walls in some of the rooms that were assessed and all of the readings were in the Safe/Dry range. Total Spore Air Samples Air-O-Cell spore trap 37-mm cassettes are used to assess total spores. A sampling pump calibrated to a flow rate of 15 liters per minute draws a known volume of air over a sampling period of up to five (5) minutes. Once collected, the sample is submitted to a microbial laboratory where a small glass slide is removed from the cassette for direct examination. Viable Air Samples Air sampling for viable airborne mold spores and bacteria is performed using the Aerotech A-6 Single Stage Microbial Sampler, through which a known volume of air is collected and recorded. A sampling pump calibrated to a flow rate of 28.3 liters per minute is used to draw air through the A-6 sampling device. Within the A-6 sampling device is a petri dish that contains a laboratory prepared agar gel. Airborne particulates are deposited onto the agar gel. The sample is then sealed and submitted to a microbial laboratory where it is incubated in a controlled environment for 7-14 days. The petri dish samples are then assessed for viable mold and/or bacteria colonies, and reported in colony forming units, or CFUs. All of the collected mold samples were assigned a unique sample identification number, placed in sealed containers, labeled, and hand-delivered by Aurora Industrial Hygiene personnel to EMLab P&K Laboratory (EMLab), located at 9089 Clairemont Mesa Blvd, Suite 106, San Diego, CA 92123. EMLab is accredited by the American Industrial Hygiene Association for microbiological analyses. Moisture Readings Moisture readings were collected using a Protometer penetrating moisture meter. In wood, the instrument measures the material s actual percent moisture content (%H2O). When testing material other than wood, the meter measures the wood moisture equivalent (WME) value of the material. WME is the moisture level that would be attained by a piece of wood in equilibrium with the material being tested. As the critical moisture levels for wood are known, WME measurements enable the moisture meter user to establish if materials are in a safe air dry, borderline or damp condition. <18% (Green Zone) The material is in a Safe Dry condition, moisture related problems of decay/deterioration should not occur. Literature Building Page 6
18 20% (Yellow Zone) The material is in a Borderline condition, decay/deterioration may occur under certain conditions. >20% (Red Zone) The material is in a Wet condition, decay/deterioration is inevitable in time unless the moisture level of the material is reduced. 5.0 Laboratory Results for Mold Sampling Tables 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 summarize the laboratory results for mold air sampling. Photographs of some of the sample locations are included in Appendix One, a sample location diagram is included in Appendix Two and laboratory reports of analysis are included in Appendix Three. Literature Building Page 7
Table 2. Indoor and Outdoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results March 5, 2009 Sample Identification 0305-01A Outdoors, West of Building 0305-02A 134 0305-03A 110 0305-04A 223 0305-05A 254 0305-06A 310 0305-07A 349 0305-08A 427 0305-09A 438 0305-10A Outdoors, South of Building Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Alternaria 13 Ascospores 80 53 13 Basidiospores 93 13 53 13 13 53 Cladosporium 53 53 53 160 110 Other brown 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 27 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types 53 53 Pithomyces 13 Rusts 13 Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes 13 27 13 13 Ulocladium Background Debris 1 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 1+ Sample Volume(liters) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Spores/ m 3 250 120 13 120 80 80 13 250 40 170 1 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 8
Table 3. Indoor and Outdoor Viable Spore Air Sampling Results March 5, 2009 Sample Identification 0305-01B Outdoors, West of Building 0305-02B 134 0305-03B 110 0305-04B 223 0305-05B 254 0305-06B 310 0305-07B 349 0305-08B 427 0305-09B 438 0305-10B Outdoors, South of Building Fungi CFU 2 /m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 CFU/m 3 Aureobasidium 12 Cladosporium 47 24 12 82 12 24 24 130 Non-sporulating fungi 12 12 12 Penicillium 24 24 12 12 59 Yeasts 12 Sample Volume(liters) 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 CFU/ m 3 82 24 24 120 12 <12 <12 35 59 190 2 CFU = colony forming units Literature Building Page 9
Table 4. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 4 th Floor Sample Identification 0310-02 454 0310-03 453 0310-04 452 0310-05 451 0310-06 448 0310-07 445 0310-08 443 0310-09 434 0310-10 431 0310-11 425 0310-12 410 Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Alternaria 13 Ascospores Basidiospores 13 13 27 40 Cladosporium 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 110 Other brown 27 13 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types 53 53 110 53 Pithomyces Rusts 13 Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes 13 Ulocladium Background Debris 3 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample Volume(liters) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Spores/ m 3 53 120 67 80 53 80 200 <13 110 160 <13 3 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 10
Sample Identification 0310-13 354 0310-14 353 0310-15 348 Table 5. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 3 rd Floor 0310-16 346 0310-17 341 0310-18 337 Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 0310-19 336 0310-20 333 0310-21 332 0310-22 329 0310-23 328 Alternaria 13 13 13 Basidiospores 13 13 13 13 Bipolaris/ Drechlera 13 53 group Cladosporium 53 53 160 53 53 Other brown 27 13 27 13 27 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types 53 Rusts 13 Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes 13 27 13 0310-24 326 Stachybotrys 13 Torula 13 Trichocladium 13 13 Background Debris 4 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Sample Volume 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 (liters) Spores/ m 3 27 93 130 190 110 27 13 27 67 27 80 13 13 0310-25 324 4 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 11
Table 6. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 2 nd & 1 st Floors Sample Identification 0310-26 251 0310-27 240 0312-01 242 0310-28 210 0310-30 116 0310-31 117 0310-32 123 0310-33 124 0310-34 128 Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Alternaria 13 Ascospores Basidiospores 40 80 13 Bipolaris/ Drechlera group 13 Cladosporium 53 110 320 53 110 160 53 Epicoccum 13 13 Other brown 13 13 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types Rusts Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes Ulocladium 110 53 110 53 53 13 13 13 Background Debris 5 2+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Sample Volume(liters) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Spores/ m 3 110 320 350 110 230 53 190 67 67 5 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 12
Table 7. Indoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results 1 st Floor Sample Identification 0310-35 129 0310-36 130 0310-37 133 0310-38 137 0310-39 138 0310-40 155 0310-41 139 0310-42 140 0310-43 141 0310-44 150 Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Alternaria Ascospores 13 Basidiospores 13 13 13 Cladosporium 53 53 53 Curvularia 13 Epicoccum 13 Other brown 13 13 13 13 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types Rusts Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes Ulocladium 53 53 53 53 53 13 Background Debris 6 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Sample Volume(liters) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 Spores/ m 3 <13 67 110 130 27 13 67 130 <13 27 6 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 13
Table 8. Outdoor Total Spore Air Sampling Results March 10 and 12, 2009 Sample Identification 0310-01 Outdoors, East of building 0310-29 Outdoors, West of building 0310-45 Outdoors, South of building 0312-02 Outdoors, South of building Fungi Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Spores/m 3 Alternaria 13 Ascospores Basidiospores 53 93 40 67 Bipolaris/ Drechlera group Cladosporium 110 53 160 53 Curvularia Epicoccum Other brown 27 Penicillium/ Aspergillus types Pithomyces Rusts Smuts, Periconia, Myxomycetes Stachybotrys Torula Trichocladium Ulocladium 450 53 Background Debris 7 2+ 2+ 2+ 1+ Sample Volume(liters) 75 75 75 75 Spores/ m 3 160 640 250 120 7 Background debris is an indication of the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the slide (dust in the air) and is graded from 1+ to 4+ with 4+ indicating the largest amounts. To evaluate dust levels it is important to account for differences in sample volume. This background material is also an indication of visibility for the analyst and resultant difficulty reading the slide. For example, high background debris may obscure the small spores such as Penicillium/ Aspergillus group. Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may actually be higher than reported. Literature Building Page 14
6.0 Mold Discussion No regulatory standards exist for air or surface mold spores. High variability in mold spore concentrations will exist in different geographic locations, seasons, local weather patterns, and on a diurnal basis. The following basic guide provided by ETA Laboratories was used as a reference. Typical Indoor Mold Spore Concentration Ranges Description Spores /m3 Predominant Types "Clean" building Less than 2,000 Less than 700 Less than 500 Total for all spore types Penicillium, Aspergillus "Outdoor spores": alternaria, ascospores, basidiospores, cladosporium Possible Indoor Amplification 1,000-5,000 Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium Indoor amplification present 5,000-10,000 Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium Chronic Indoor Amplification 10,000-6,000,000 Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Stachybotrys, Basidiospores As a general rule, indoor fungal problems are usually indicated when a significant difference is demonstrated between indoor and outdoor airborne spore concentrations or types of spore genera or species. Mold spores concentrations indoors were comparable to outdoor samples and results did not indicate an indoor amplification of mold. Surface tape lift samples for mold were not collected because visible suspect mold was not observed by Mr. Shockley. Moisture measurements were collected randomly of carpet and drywall walls in some of the rooms that were inspected and all of the readings were in the Safe/Dry range. Literature Building Page 15
7.0 Limitations The data and observations collected during the course of this assessment have been gathered to provide the Client with information pertaining to the areas of the subject property identified in this report. Although Aurora believes that the findings and conclusions provided in this report are reasonable, the assessment is limited to the conditions observed and to the information available at the time of the work. Due to the nature of the work, there is a possibility that there may exist conditions which could not be identified within the scope of the assessment or which were not apparent at the time of our site work. The assessment is also limited to information available from the client at the time it was conducted. It is also possible that the testing methods employed at the time of the report may later be superceded by other methods. Aurora does not accept responsibility for changes in the state of the art. Aurora does not guarantee that all mold contaminated areas in the subject property were recognized during our evaluation. This report is limited to the samples taken and locations sampled. Additional sampling may be needed to further identify other pollutants or other mold contaminated areas at the subject property. Microbial growth may occur if sources of moisture are not remediated. We hope that this information is helpful. Please feel free to contact us at (619) 276-5901 if you have any questions. Literature Building Page 16
Appendix One Photographs Interstate 805 Interstate 5 Photo One Satellite photo. The dashed box is around the section of the UCSD La Jolla Campus that includes the Literature Building. Literature Building Page 17
Genesee Avenue Interstate 5 Photo Two Another satellite photo. The red arrow indicates the Literature Building. Literature Building Page 18
Sample location west of the building Sample location east of the building Sample location south of the building Photo Three Close-up photo of the Literature Building. The locations of the outdoor samples are indicated. Literature Building Page 19
Photo Four Outdoor sample location east of the building. Photo Five Outdoor sample location south of the building. Literature Building Page 20
Photo Six Outdoor sample location west of the building. Photo Seven Samples 0305-09A and 09B collected in room 438. The red arrow points towards a water dish and cup of dog food found in the room. Literature Building Page 21
Photo Eight Sample 0310-08 collected in room 434. The red arrow points to the tea cup and honey on the table. Photo Nine Samples 0305-06A and 06B collected in room 310. Literature Building Page 22
Photo Ten Sample 0310-17 collected in room 341. Photo Eleven Staining on carpet and wall in room 341 that appear to be from coffee. Literature Building Page 23
Photo Twelve Samples 0305-05A and 05B collected in room 254. Photo Thirteen Staining on ceiling tile in room 254, everything looked dry above the stain. Literature Building Page 24
Photo Fourteen Sample 0310-28 collected in room 210. Photo Fifteen Samples 0305-02A and 02B collected in room 134. Literature Building Page 25
Photo Sixteen Sample 0310-32 collected in room 123. Literature Building Page 26
Appendix Two Site Diagrams DIAGRAM NOT TO SCALE 0310-29 0305-03 0310-30 0310-31 0310-33 0305-01 0310-32 0310-01 0310-34 0310-40 0310-41 0310-44 0305-02 0310-37 0310-38 0310-39 0310-35 0310-36 0310-45 0305-10 0310-42 0310-43 0312-02 Literature Building Page 27
0310-28 0305-04 0305-05 0310-26 0310-27 0312-01 Literature Building Page 28
0310-25 0305-06 0310-24 0310-19 0310-13 0310-14 0310-20 0310-21 0310-22 0310-23 0305-07 0310-18 0310-17 0310-15 0310-16 Literature Building Page 29
0310-12 0310-11 0305-08 0310-02 0310-03 0310-09 0310-10 0310-04 0305-09 0310-05 0310-06 0310-08 0310-07 Literature Building Page 30
Appendix Three Laboratory Reports of Analysis and Chains of Custody Literature Building Page 31
EMLab P&K Report for: Ms. Karen Shockley Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. 1094 Cudahy Place Suite 120 San Diego, CA 92110 Regarding: Project: UCSD-Literature Building EML ID: 519266 Approved by: Dates of Analysis: Culturable air fungi (Incl. Asp spp.): 03-12-2009 Spore trap analysis: 03-09-2009 Lab Manager Malcolm Moody Project SOPs: Culturable air fungi (Incl. Asp spp.) (I100002), Spore trap analysis (I100000) This coversheet is included with your report in order to comply with AIHA and ISO accreditation requirements. For clarity, we report the number of significant digits as calculated; but, due to the nature of this type of biological data, the number of significant digits that is used for interpretation should generally be one or two. All samples were received in acceptable condition unless noted in the Report Comments portion in the body of the report. Due to the nature of the analyses performed, field blank corrections of results is not a standard practice. The results relate only to the items tested. EMLab P&K ("the Company") shall have no liability to the client or the client's customer with respect to decisions or recommendations made, actions taken or courses of conduct implemented by either the client or the client's customer as a result of or based upon the Test Results. In no event shall the Company be liable to the client with respect to the Test Results except for the Company's own willful misconduct or gross negligence nor shall the Company be liable for incidental or consequential damages or lost profits or revenues to the fullest extent such liability may be disclaimed by law, even if the Company has been advised of the possibility of such damages, lost profits or lost revenues. In no event shall the Company's liability with respect to the Test Results exceed the amount paid to the Company by the client therefor. Document Number: 200091 - Revision Number: 5
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0305-01A: Outdoors, near main entrance 0305-02A: 134 EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-09-2009 0305-03A: 110 0305-04A: 223 Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2298722-1 2298723-1 2298724-1 2298725-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria Arthrinium Ascospores* 3 80 Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 4 93 1 13 1 53 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 1 53 1 53 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types 1 53 Pithomyces 1 13 Rusts* Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* 1 13 2 27 Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 250 120 13 120 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 1 of 3
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-09-2009 SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0305-05A: 254 0305-06A: 310 0305-07A: 349 0305-08A: 427 Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2298726-1 2298727-1 2298728-1 2298729-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria 1 13 Arthrinium Ascospores* 1 53 Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 1 13 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 1 53 3 160 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown 1 13 1 13 1 13 Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types 1 53 Pithomyces Rusts* 1 13 Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* 1 13 1 13 Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 80 80 13 250 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 2 of 3
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-09-2009 SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0305-09A: 428 0305-10A: Outdoors, near south end of bldg Comments (see below) None None Lab ID-Version : 2298730-1 2298731-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria Arthrinium Ascospores* 1 13 Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 1 13 1 53 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 2 110 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown 2 27 Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types Pithomyces Rusts* Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 2+ 1+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 40 170 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 3 of 3
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building EMLab P&K 1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066 (866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-12-2009 CULTURABLE AIR FUNGI REPORT Location: 0305-01B: Outdoors, near 0305-02B: 134 0305-03B: 110 0305-04B: 223 main entrance Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2298712-1 2298713-1 2298714-1 2298715-1 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 Acremonium Alternaria Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus niger Aspergillus ochraceus Aspergillus versicolor Aureobasidium Basidiomycetes Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 4 47 2 24 1 12 7 82 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Non-sporulating fungi 1 12 1 12 Paecilomyces Penicillium 2 24 2 24 Phoma Rhizopus Stachybotrys chartarum Ulocladium Yeasts 1 12 Positive Hole 400 400 400 400 Sample volume (liters) 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 TOTAL CFU*/M3 82 24 24 120 * cfu = colony forming units Positive hole correction chart used for all calculations Comments: Note: Interpretation is left to the company and/or persons who conducted the field work. Variation is an inherent part of biological sampling. The presence or absence of a few genera in small numbers should not be considered abnormal. NORMAL SPORE LEVELS: Indoor spore levels usually average 30 to 80% of the outdoor spore level at the time of sampling, with the same general distribution of spore types. Filtered air, air-conditioned air, or air remote from outside sources may average 5 to 15% of the outside air at the time of sampling. (These percentages are guidelines, only. A major factor is the accessibility of outdoor air. A residence with open doors and windows and heavy foot traffic may average 95% of the outdoor level while high rise office buildings with little air exchange may average 2%. Dusty interiors may exceed 100% of the outdoors to some degree, but will still mirror the outdoor distribution of spore types.) PROBLEM INTERIORS: A substantial increase of one or two spore types which are inconsistent with and non-reflective of the outside distribution of spore types is usually indicative of an indoor reservoir of mold growth. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total CFU/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 1 of 3
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building EMLab P&K 1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066 (866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-12-2009 CULTURABLE AIR FUNGI REPORT Location: 0305-05B: 254 0305-06B: 310 0305-07B: 349 0305-08B: 427 Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2298716-1 2298717-1 2298718-1 2298719-1 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 Acremonium Alternaria Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus niger Aspergillus ochraceus Aspergillus versicolor Aureobasidium Basidiomycetes Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 1 12 2 24 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Non-sporulating fungi Paecilomyces Penicillium 1 12 Phoma Rhizopus Stachybotrys chartarum Ulocladium Yeasts Positive Hole 400 400 400 400 Sample volume (liters) 84.9 84.9 84.9 84.9 TOTAL CFU*/M3 12 < 12 < 12 35 * cfu = colony forming units Positive hole correction chart used for all calculations Comments: Note: Interpretation is left to the company and/or persons who conducted the field work. Variation is an inherent part of biological sampling. The presence or absence of a few genera in small numbers should not be considered abnormal. NORMAL SPORE LEVELS: Indoor spore levels usually average 30 to 80% of the outdoor spore level at the time of sampling, with the same general distribution of spore types. Filtered air, air-conditioned air, or air remote from outside sources may average 5 to 15% of the outside air at the time of sampling. (These percentages are guidelines, only. A major factor is the accessibility of outdoor air. A residence with open doors and windows and heavy foot traffic may average 95% of the outdoor level while high rise office buildings with little air exchange may average 2%. Dusty interiors may exceed 100% of the outdoors to some degree, but will still mirror the outdoor distribution of spore types.) PROBLEM INTERIORS: A substantial increase of one or two spore types which are inconsistent with and non-reflective of the outside distribution of spore types is usually indicative of an indoor reservoir of mold growth. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total CFU/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 2 of 3
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Building CULTURABLE AIR FUNGI REPORT Location: EMLab P&K 1150 Bayhill Drive, Suite 100, San Bruno, CA 94066 (866) 888-6653 Fax (650) 829-5852 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-05-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-05-2009 Date of Report: 03-12-2009 0305-09B: 428 Comments (see below) None None 0305-10B: Outdoors, near south end of bldg Lab ID-Version : 2298720-1 2298721-1 raw ct. cfu*/m3 raw ct. cfu*/m3 Acremonium Alternaria Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus nidulans Aspergillus niger Aspergillus ochraceus Aspergillus versicolor Aureobasidium 1 12 Basidiomycetes Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 2 24 11 130 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Non-sporulating fungi 1 12 Paecilomyces Penicillium 1 12 5 59 Phoma Rhizopus Stachybotrys chartarum Ulocladium Yeasts Positive Hole 400 400 Sample volume (liters) 84.9 84.9 TOTAL CFU*/M3 59 190 * cfu = colony forming units Positive hole correction chart used for all calculations Comments: Note: Interpretation is left to the company and/or persons who conducted the field work. Variation is an inherent part of biological sampling. The presence or absence of a few genera in small numbers should not be considered abnormal. NORMAL SPORE LEVELS: Indoor spore levels usually average 30 to 80% of the outdoor spore level at the time of sampling, with the same general distribution of spore types. Filtered air, air-conditioned air, or air remote from outside sources may average 5 to 15% of the outside air at the time of sampling. (These percentages are guidelines, only. A major factor is the accessibility of outdoor air. A residence with open doors and windows and heavy foot traffic may average 95% of the outdoor level while high rise office buildings with little air exchange may average 2%. Dusty interiors may exceed 100% of the outdoors to some degree, but will still mirror the outdoor distribution of spore types.) PROBLEM INTERIORS: A substantial increase of one or two spore types which are inconsistent with and non-reflective of the outside distribution of spore types is usually indicative of an indoor reservoir of mold growth. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total CFU/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 519266, Page 3 of 3
EMLab P&K Report for: Ms. Karen Shockley Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. 1094 Cudahy Place Suite 120 San Diego, CA 92110 Regarding: Project: UCSD-Literature Bldg EML ID: 520993 Approved by: Dates of Analysis: Spore trap analysis: 03-13-2009 Lab Manager Malcolm Moody Project SOPs: Spore trap analysis (I100000) This coversheet is included with your report in order to comply with AIHA and ISO accreditation requirements. For clarity, we report the number of significant digits as calculated; but, due to the nature of this type of biological data, the number of significant digits that is used for interpretation should generally be one or two. All samples were received in acceptable condition unless noted in the Report Comments portion in the body of the report. Due to the nature of the analyses performed, field blank corrections of results is not a standard practice. The results relate only to the items tested. EMLab P&K ("the Company") shall have no liability to the client or the client's customer with respect to decisions or recommendations made, actions taken or courses of conduct implemented by either the client or the client's customer as a result of or based upon the Test Results. In no event shall the Company be liable to the client with respect to the Test Results except for the Company's own willful misconduct or gross negligence nor shall the Company be liable for incidental or consequential damages or lost profits or revenues to the fullest extent such liability may be disclaimed by law, even if the Company has been advised of the possibility of such damages, lost profits or lost revenues. In no event shall the Company's liability with respect to the Test Results exceed the amount paid to the Company by the client therefor. Document Number: 200091 - Revision Number: 5
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Bldg SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0310-01: Outdoors, east of bldg 0310-02: 454 0310-03: 453 EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-10-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-11-2009 Date of Report: 03-13-2009 0310-04: 452 0310-05: 451 Comments (see below) None None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2306287-1 2306288-1 2306289-1 2306290-1 2306291-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria 1 13 Arthrinium Ascospores* Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 1 53 1 13 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 2 110 1 53 1 53 1 53 1 53 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown 2 27 Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types 1 53 Pithomyces Rusts* Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Trichocladium Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 75 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 160 53 120 67 80 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 520993, Page 1 of 11
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Bldg EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-10-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-11-2009 Date of Report: 03-13-2009 SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0310-06: 448 0310-07: 445 0310-08: 443 0310-09: 434 Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2306292-1 2306293-1 2306294-1 2306295-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria Arthrinium Ascospores* Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 1 13 2 27 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 1 53 1 53 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types 1 53 2 110 Pithomyces Rusts* 1 13 Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* 1 13 Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Trichocladium Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 53 80 200 < 13 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 520993, Page 2 of 11
Client: Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc. C/O: Ms. Karen Shockley Re: UCSD-Literature Bldg EMLab P&K 1010 N Central Avenue, Glendale, CA 91202 (866) 465-6653 Fax (858) 569-5806 www.emlab.com Date of Sampling: 03-10-2009 Date of Receipt: 03-11-2009 Date of Report: 03-13-2009 SPORE TRAP REPORT: NON-VIABLE METHODOLOGY Location: 0310-10: 431 0310-11: 425 0310-12: 410 0310-13: 354 Comments (see below) None None None None Lab ID-Version : 2306296-1 2306297-1 2306298-1 2306299-1 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 raw ct. spores/m3 Alternaria 1 13 Arthrinium Ascospores* Aureobasidium Basidiospores* 3 40 Bipolaris/Drechslera group Botrytis Chaetomium Cladosporium 1 53 2 110 Curvularia Epicoccum Fusarium Myrothecium Nigrospora Other brown 1 13 Other colorless Penicillium/Aspergillus types 1 53 Pithomyces Rusts* Smuts*, Periconia, Myxomycetes* 1 13 Stachybotrys Stemphylium Torula Trichocladium Ulocladium Zygomycetes Background debris (1-4+) 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Sample volume (liters) 75 75 75 75 TOTAL SPORE/m3 110 160 < 13 27 Comments: * Most of these spore types are not seen with culturable methods (Andersen sampling), although some may appear as non-sporulating fungi. Most of the basidiospores are "mushroom" spores while the rusts and smuts are plant pathogens. The spores of Aspergillus and Penicillium (and others such as Acremonium, Paecilomyces) are small and round with very few distinguishing characteristics. They cannot be differentiated by non-viable sampling methods. Also, some species with very small spores are easily missed, and may be undercounted. Background debris indicates the amount of non-biological particulate matter present on the trace (dust in the air) and the resulting visibility for the analyst. It is rated from 1+ (low) to 4+ (high). Counts from areas with 4+ background debris should be regarded as minimal counts and may be higher then reported. It is important to account for samples volumes when evaluating dust levels. The Limit of Detection is the product of a raw count of 1 and 100 divided by the percent read. The analytical sensitivity (counts/m3) is the product of the Limit of Detection and 1000 divided by the sample volume. A "Version" greater than 1 indicates amended data. Total Spores/m3 has been rounded to two significant figures to reflect analytical precision. TestAmerica Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Inc. EMLab ID: 520993, Page 3 of 11