UNIT 5 REVIEW GUIDE - NERVOUS SYSTEM State the 3 functions of the nervous system. Briefly describe the general function(s) of each of the following neuron types: a) SENSORY NEURONS: b) INTERNEURONS: c) MOTOR NEURONS: What conditions must be met in order for neurons to repair themselves? 4) Sketch a typical NEURON in the space below. Label the following structures: cell body dendrites axon nodes of Ranvier neurotransmitters nucleus myelin sheath synaptic end bulb vesicles direction of impulse (as an arrow) 1 glial cell axon terminal 5) How is the function of neurons different than the function of neuroglial cells? 6) State the function of each of the following neuroglial cell types: oligodendrocytes: astrocytes: Schwann cells: 7a) List & briefly describe the four events (what ion is moving & in what direction) that occur to create an ACTION POTENTIAL. 4)
7b) Draw and label a graph of the four phases of an action potential. 7c) What returns a neuron to its resting state (membrane potential)? 8a) What is the resting potential of a neuron and what is the threshold potential? 8b) What is meant by an all-or-none response? 9a) What is the purpose of MYELIN (i.e. the MYELIN SHEATH)? 9b) What is saltatory conduction & what type of neurons does it occur on? 9c) Where are action potentials generated on myelinated neurons? 9d) Why does an impulse travel faster in saltatory conduction? A B C 9e) What causes an action potential to travel down an axon? In other words, what causes a new action potential at Node C when there is an action potential at Node B? 10) How is a stimulus of greater intensity produced as compared to a stimulus of lesser intensity: 1 List the events that occur at a SYNAPSE for an action potential (impulse) to be transmitted from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron. 12a) What is a NEUROTRANSMITTER? 12b) List the neurotransmitters in the human body from your notes & their function.
13a) Label the following information on the drawing below: there are synaptic end bulbs from 2 different neurons synapsing with the dendrites of a 3 rd neuron which is at rest. Synaptic end bulb #1 releases neurotransmitters that cause a -5 mv change inside the cell body and synaptic end bulb #2 releases neurotransmitters that cause a +25mV change inside the cell body. synapse 13b) Will there be an action potential generated in neuron #3? How do you know? 14a) List the four major regions of the brain & their general function: 4) 14b) Differentiate between the function of the motor cortex & somatosensory cortex. 14c) Which of the 4 major brain regions are the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex found in? 14d) What side of the body does your left hemisphere control? 14e) What does this model (homunculus) tell you in regards to the motor & somatosensory cortex? 15a) State the location of the CORPUS CALLOSUM. 15b) What is its function? 16) Describe the location AND functions of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID. > Location: > Functions:
17) On the diagram below, label the: -occipital lobe -cerebellum -hypothalamus -midbrain -frontal lobe -medulla oblongata -corpus callosum -thalamus -parietal lobe -pons -pituitary gland -spinal cord -temporal lobe 18) Complete the following chart of the various parts of the brain: Brain Structure (or region) Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal Gland Optic chiasma Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Cerebellum State major brain region unless the structure is a major brain region. If it is, then describe location in the brain. Function(s)
19) How is the function of Broca s area different than Wernicke s area? 20a) Outline the functional differences between the SYMPATHETIC and the PARASYMPATHETIC divisions of the autonomic nervous system. 20b) What are the physiological effects of adrenaline in your body? 2 Why is the hypothalamus sometimes called the autonomic nervous center? 2 Complete a flow chart showing the relationships within the nervous system using the following terms: Nervous System; Central nervous system (CNS); Sensory division; Motor division; Autonomic nervous system (ANS); Peripheral nervous system (PNS); Skeletal Motor Control; Parasympathetic division; Sympathetic division 23a) What is a REFLEX? 23b) What is an advantage to a reflex? 24a) List the 5 steps/actions that occur during reflexes such as the knee-jerk reflex and the pupillary reflex. 4) 5) 24b) What happened in the following reflex tests: Knee-jerk Pupillary Plantar flexion
25) What happens in a stroke? 26) Briefly describe the main symptoms of the following conditions (from neurological conditions chart). Parkinson s Disease: Migraine: Epilepsy: Schizophrenia: Huntington s disease: Dementia: Alzheimer s: Cerebral Palsy: Multiple Sclerosis: Meningitis (from notes p4):