Honors Biology Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Name Amatuzzi Carbohydrates pp. 37-39 1. Which elements make up carbohydrates? a. In which ratio? 2. How do living things use most of their carbohydrates? 3. Name the life process that releases energy from food molecules Simple sugars 4. Which two functional groups are characteristic of sugars? & 5. What is a monosaccharide? 6. Name two simple sugars. 7. What is a disaccharide? a. Name two common ones & Complex carbohydrates 8. What is a polysaccharide? 9. Plants store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? 10. Animals store reserves of sugar in a polysaccharide called a. In which tissue/organ is this complex carb stored? 11. Name a polysaccharide in plants used for structure and strength. a. Multiple chains are held together by bonds b. What common substances are made of this carb? Here is a structural formula of a glucose molecule. INSERT all the carbon atoms. 1. How many are there? 2. Write the chemical formula for glucose. 3. How is the sugar fructose similar to glucose? 4. How is it different?
Honors Biology Chapter 3: The Molecules of Cells Name Amatuzzi Lipids p. 40-41 1. Which elements make up lipids? 2. Name 4 kinds of lipids. 3. Do lipids dissolve in water? why? 4. What is the main function of lipids? 5. List two other lipid uses. 6. What does hydrophobic mean? 7. Name the two monomers that make up most lipids. 8. What is the structure of a triglyceride? 9. What makes a lipid saturated? 10. IF some carbons in a lipid are connected by double bonds, the molecules is called - 11. Are oils saturated or unsaturated? 12. Name four vegetable oils. 13. Name two solid animal fats. 14. Name the lipid monomers pictured here. Monomer = Monomer = Draw a circle around the parts of each monomer where they will bond together. Name these functional groups. & How many of each monomer do I need to make a triglyceride? Which of the fatty acids below is unsaturated? How can you tell?
Honors Biology Chapter 3: Molecules of Cells Name Amatuzzi Proteins pp. 42-46 due 1. Which elements make up proteins? 2. List 5 functions of proteins. 3. Proteins are polymers of which monomer? 4. Label the parts of this monomer. Structure and Function 5. These monomers are joined into polymers by covalent bonds called 6. What is a polypeptide? 7. How is a protein different from a polypeptide? Protein shape determines its function 8. How many different amino acids exist in nature? a. How are they different from each other? 9. What is denaturation? Levels of Organization 10. What determines the 3-dimensional structure of a protein? 11. Describe the four levels of protein structure: a. Primary structure b. Secondary structure c. Tertiary structure d. 4 th level (quarternary) 12. This is a space-filling model of the protein lysozyme. What is its function?
Honors Biology Chapter : Molecules of Cells Name Amatuzzi Nucleic Acids p. 47 1. Which elements make up nucleic acids? 2. Name the two types of nucleic acids 3. How does DNA control the cell? 4. What is the monomer for nucleic acids? 5. Name the three parts in the monomer. 6. What are polymers of nucleotides called? 7. What do these polymers do? 8. Label the 3 parts on a nucleotide below. 9. On the figure at right label: a. the sugar-phosphate backbone b. nucleotide c. deoxyribose sugar d. Phosphate group e. A Nitrogen base 10. List beside each base the complementary base on the other chain. 11. DNA is two polynucleotide chains held together in the middle by bonds. 12. How many chains make RNA? 13. List two other ways in which RNA differs from DNA. 14. How long is a DNA molecule? 15. What is a gene?
Honors Biology Chapter 5: The Working Cell Name Amatuzzi Enzymes pp 76-78 Period Enzymes speed up a cell s chemical reactions 1. What is a catalyst? 2. Why do cells in living things need catalysts for reactions? - 3. What kind of molecule is an enzyme? 4. How do enzymes speed a reaction? Enzymes are specific for each reaction 5. Can the same enzyme work on many different molecules? 6. How are enzymes often named? 7. What is a substrate? 8. What is the active site? 9. How is the action of an enzyme similar to a lock and key? 10. What is induced fit? Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity Describe the steps in an enzyme-controlled reaction. 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 1 3 Can the enzyme be used more than once? 4 11. List three factors that affect the action of an enzyme. 12. At which temperature do most enzymes work in humans? 13. Most enzymes in the body work at or near ph of. 14. What is the advantage of feedback inhibition in a cell?