AnS 214 SI Multiple Choice Set 4 Weeks 10/14-10/23 The following multiple choice questions pertain to material covered in the last two weeks' lecture sets. Answering the following questions will aid your exam preparation. These questions are meant as a gauge of your content knowledge - use them to pinpoint areas where you need more preparation. 1. A heifer begins ovarian activity at A. 6-8 months B. 8-10 months C.10-12 months D. 12-14 months E. 24 months 2. The gestation length of a cow is A. 82 days C. 166 days D. 283 days E. 311 days 3. All of the following produce hormones vital to ovarian cyclicity EXCEPT A. hypothalamus B. ovary C. posterior pituitary D. uterus 4. Which of the following structures is INCORRECTLY matched to the hormones it produces? A. uterus: PGF 2a B. ovary: testosterone, activin, estrogen, oxytocin C. placenta: progesterone, testosterone, estrogen D. anterior pituitary: ACTH, FSH, LH E. hypothalamus: GnRH, CRH 5. In the female reproductive system of all species A. the ovaries are supported by the mesometrium B. urine can only exit via the urethra via the suburethral diverticulum C. the uterus produces progesterone D. the oviduct is supported by the mesosalpinx E. the ovary is directly connected to the oviduct 6. Which of the following is FALSE about the mare? A. Ovulates from the medulla because of an inverted ovarian structure B. Ovulates a 2n oocyte C. Does not have a suburethral diverticulum D. Ovulates at only one site on the ovary, called the ovulation fossa E. All of the above are true 7. The four layers of the ovary, from inside-out are A. germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla B. tunica albuginea, cortex, germinal epithelium, medulla C. medulla, cortex, germinal epithelium, tunica abuginea D. medulla, cortex, tunica albuginea, germinal epithelium E. order is variable between species, no generalizations can be made 8. The layers of the follicle, from outside-in are A. germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla B. theca externa, theca interna, basement membrane, granulosa cells, oocyte
C. theca externa, basement membrane, theca interna, granulosa cells D. theca externa, granulosa cells, theca interna, oocyte 9. During follicular development A. Theca externa cells produce testosterone in response to FSH B. Granulosa cells produce estrogen from testosterone in response to LH C. Inhibin is produced by granulosa cells in response to FSH D. The secondary follicle is the first to contain an antrum E. c and d are correct 10. Atresia A. is the fate of most follicles produced by the female during her reproductive lifetime B. is the dying off of preovulatory oocytes after ovulation C. can be induced by rising levels of inhibin from tertiary follicles D.occurs in response to rising levels of estrogen E. a and c are correct 11. In most species A. the female ovulates a primary oocyte B. follicles contain secondary oocytes, which undergo meiosis before ovulation C. a dying CL fills with blood to become the corpus hemorrhagicum D. the corpus albicans begins producing estrogen to facilitate return to cyclicity 12. Ovulation in most species A. occurs during metestrus in most species, but during estrus in the cow B. involves the expulsion of a secondary oocyte and the cumulus oophorus C. is triggered by positive feedback of LH on the hypothalamus D. is prevented by PGF 2a E. is the direct result of falling P4 levels 13. Physical support of the entire follicle is provided by connective tissue in the A. theca externa B. basement membrane C. theca interna D. tunica albuginea E. zona pellucida 14. Theca interna cells A. have receptors for FSH B. make up the innermost cell layer of the follicle C. are responsible for production of inhibin in response to FSH D. are most similar to the male's sertoli cells in their hormonal responses E. are most similar to the male's leydig cells in their hormonal responses 15. Granulosa cells A. are responsible for the production of follicular fluid B. do not have LH receptors C. use testosterone to make estrogen D. make hormones responsible for both negative and positive feedback to the brain E. all of the above 16. Estrogen A. is produced by the oocyte under simulation from the granulosa cells B. provides negative feedback to the brain when produced in low levels by developing follicles C. provides positive feedback to the brain when produced in high levels by tertiary follicles D. b and c are correct
E. a and c are correct 17. The two cell theory A. states that production of estrogen requires the functions of both theca externa and granulosa cells B. requires the conversion of testosterone to estrogen by the theca interna cells C. finds that granulosa cells produce estrogen in response to LH and theca interna cells produce testosterone in response to FSH D. refers to the two cell types in the hypothalamus that react to GnRH E. explains the role of LH in estrogen production 18. The hypothalamus A. is constantly producing GnRH B. receives positive feedback through inhibin production C. receives negative feedback from estrogen produced by tertiary follicles D. lowers GnRH production in response to leptin E. increases FSH synthesis during periods of increasing antral-origin estrogen concentration 19. Which of the following in FALSE about feedback systems in the hypothalamus? A. GnRH production can both increase and decrease in response to estrogen B. estrogen from antral follicles is responsible for the positive feedback leading to ovulation C. pre-pubertal and early estrous estrogen provides negative feedback to the brain D. progesterone lowers levels of GnRH production in the hypothalamus 20. Ovulation A. is preceded by degeneration of the basement membrane and tunica albuginuea B. involves the death of granulosa and theca interna cell types and emergence of a new luteal cell line C. ends the production of GnRH from the hypothalamus D. is triggered by oocyte completion of meiosis E. triggers the theca externa to differentiate into the corpus luteum and begin progesterone production 21. Progesterone A. causes the oviduct to undergo peristalsis in the direction of the uterus B. induces rhythmic contractions of the uterus to expel unfertilized oocytes C. prevents estrus by preventing FSH/LH binding to follicular receptors D. is indirectly responsible for the death of the CL in a non-pregnant female E. a and d are correct 22. Th e uterus A. secretes both histotroph and PGF 2a under the influence of progesterone B. undergoes vascularization under the influence of estrogen C. undergoes rhythmic contractions under the influence of estrogen D. enters the secretory phase in response to CL formation 23. Which of the following is FALSE about the isthmus? A. It occurs after the site of fertilization B. Responds peristaltically to estrogen and progesterone. C. Contains less folds than the ampulla D. Is more muscular than the ampulla E. I s highly ciliated to facilitate oocyte movement 24. The cervix A. serves as a barrier to sperm in species like the cow and mare B. serves as storage for sperm C. secretes mucus to decrease sperm motility D. uses muscular contractions to oppose sperm flow in order to select strongest sperm E. forms mucus plug during gestation under the influence of placental estrogen
25. The vagina in most species A. prevents bacterial growth by maintaining an alkaline ph B. contains a transurethral fold to prevent urine backflow C. is lubricated by cervical secretions D. secretes pheromones from the vaginal fornix E. causes the production of oxytocin under stimulation 26. Which of the following stages of estrus is incorrectly matched to its prevalent hormones? A. Metestrus: high progesterone, low estrogen, FSH, LH B. Estrus: estrogen, LH, FSH peaks, no progesterone C. Diestrus: falling progesterone, rising PGF 2a D. Proestrus: rising estrogen, LH, FSH ly matched 27. Proestrus A. occurs during the luteal phase B. is characterized by the emergence of dominant tertiary follicles C. is includes a change from negative to positive E2 feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary D. a and b are correct E. b and c are correct 28. Which of the following is FALSE about the estrus period? A. Includes ovulation in most species. B. Is characterized by an E2 and FSH peak. C. Initiates formation of the corpus luteum. D. Is noted as the first day of standing heat. E. All of the above are correct 29. Metestrus A. is the stage of ovulation in the cow B. contains the corpus hemorrhagicum on the ovary C. is characterized by low levels of follicular development D. initiates secretory phase of uterine cycle 30. Diestrus A. is the shortest period of the estrous cycle B. is characterized by full CL maturation at day 14 C. exhibits hypothalamic negative feedback from increasing levels of inhibin production by the uterus D. ends as a result of increasing estrogen levels from maturing follicles 31. The estrous cycle A. contains estrus and metestrus in the follicular phase, diestrus and proestrus in the luteal phase B. lasts 28 days in the mare C. is ruled by progesterone during the follicular phase D. is under estrogen regulation during the first part of the luteal phase E. is influenced by the body condition and pregnancy status of the female 32. In humans A. hormone interactions of the ovarian cycle differ in relative concentrations of key hormones B. the ovarian cycle is markedly different in follicle maturation order C. the ovarian cycle is shorter than most domestic animal species D. uterine vascularization is controloed by different hormones from the domestic species E. the ovarian and uterine cycles are identical to that domestic animal species with exception of timing and the presence of a menstrual phase
33. Puberty A. is preceded by negative feedback of estrogen on the brain B. is expedited by high levels of leptin in the blood, which leads to an increase in FSH and LH secretion C. is characterized by a decrease in hypothalamic sensitivity to effects of negative feedback of estrogen D. all of the above are correct 34. Ovulation in the human A. occurs on day 1 of the ovarian cycle B. is characterized by a change from proliferation to secretion stages of the uterine cycle C. occurs immediately after the completion of the menstruation phase of the uterine cycle D. is followed by the initiation of meiosis in the ovulated primary oocyte E. ends secretion of ovarian-origin inhibin 35. During the uterine cycle of the female A. the stratum basalis is shed in the menstrual phase B. progesterone levels drive the proliferation phase C. spasming, constriction and dilation of the spiral arteries facilitates removal of dead endometrium from the uterus D. glandular secretions begin 20 hours prior to ovulation E. estrogen drives the secretion phase 36. Estrogen A. from the placenta prepares the mammary glands for lactation B. increases the risk of osteoporosis at low levels C. has catabolic effects on tissues, responsible for less muscular physique D. is secondary to progesterone in driving adipose deposition in hips and breasts E. quiets the uterus during gestation 37. Fibroeslastic penises of most species A. maintain constant erections due to high proportion of connective tissue B. are unique in their inclusion of the sigmoid flexure as part of normal anatomy C. contain urethral processes D. do not fill with blood in response to excitation E. undergo repeated rotations during copulation 38. Which of the following is FALSE about the stallion? A. Lack mediatinum component of testes. B. Have a vascular penis. C. Contain a urethral process. D. Deposit semen in the vaginal fornix of the mare. E. Do not have a sigmoid flexure 39. The first duct to receive newly developed spermatids is A. rete testis B. efferent ductules C. cauda epididymis D. seminiferous tubules E. vas deferens 40. The correct order of spermatic ducts from the site of formation to the outside is A. seminiferous tubules, efferent ductules, rete testis, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra B. seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ductules, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra C. rete testis, seminiferous tubules, efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra D. seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra E. none of the above