Unit 4 Review
#1 The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception E. Overload
#2 The ability to choose specific stimuli to learn about, while filtering out or ignoring other information, is called A. Selective attention B. Subliminal perception C. Time-sharing D. Masking E. Shadowing
#3 The human vestibular sense is most closely associated with the A. Skin B. Semicircular canals C. Taste buds D. Olfactory bulb E. Rods and cones
#4 Which of the following is a possible reason why cats can see better at night than can humans? A. Cats have a higher proportion of rods to cones. B. Cats pupils can contract to a smaller opening. C. Cats have a smaller blind spot. D. Cats have a larger optic nerve tract. E. The visual cortex of cats is located farther forward in the lobe.
#5 The minimum intensity at which a stimulus can be detected at least 50 percent of the time in known as the A. Visual cliff B. Just noticeable difference C. Perceptual set D. Receptor potential E. Absolute threshold
#6 When Jason practices the drums, he tends not to hear the phone. Today he is expecting a call from a record producer and answers the phone each time it rings, even when he is practicing the drums. Which of the following explains why Jason hears the phone today? A. Weber s Law B. Accommodation C. Frequency theory D. Signal detection theory E. Harmonics
#7 Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt principle of perceptual organization? A. Proximity B. Similarity C. Closure D. Intensity E. Continuity
#8 Which of the following is the correct sequence of anatomical structures through which an auditory stimulus passes before it is perceived as sound? A. Cochlea, ossicles, eardrum, oval window, auditory canal B. Eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, ossicles, oval window C. Oval window, auditory canal, eardrum, cochlea, ossicles D. Ossicles, eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, oval window E. Auditory canals, eardrum, ossicles, oval window, cochlea
#9 Which of the following is true about rods and cones? A. Rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision. B. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the periphery of the retina. C. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the blind spot of the retina. D. Rods and cones are distributed evenly throughout the retina. E. Rods are more useful than cones for perception in well-lit areas.
#10 After constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. This can be explained by which of the following? A. Weber s Law B. Sensory adaptation C. Signal detection D. Absolute threshold sensitivity E. The phi phenomenon
#11 Keisha recently lost the sight in her left eye. In which of the following situations would Keisha NOT be able to judge depth? A. Looking down a railroad track as it disappears in the distance B. Looking out a train window at passing scenery C. Throwing a ball to a friend D. Watching two people approach from different distances E. Watching a crowd of children at play in the school yard
#12 The ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of A. An absolute threshold B. A difference threshold C. A just noticeable difference D. Weber s Law E. Fechner s Law
#13 The gate control theory attempts to explain how A. The brain analyzes patterns by analyzing changes in brightness over broad areas B. Filtering of excess information results in reduced response to constant stimulation C. The nervous systems blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain D. Differing regions of the tongue are more sensitive to different tastes E. Chemical released by one animal can shape the behavior of a second animal of the same species
#14 The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, provide important information about the A. Apparent distance of sound B. Air pressure of the surrounding area C. Body s posture and head position D. Frequency of sound waves E. Amplitude of sound waves
#15 Frequency theory best explains, while place theory best explains. A. How we are able to sense our body position without looking; how the vestibular sense functions B. How we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds C. How phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain D. How we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages E. How touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle
#16 The effect of our perceptual set on perception best illustrates the importance of A. Sensory thresholds B. Sensation C. Transduction D. Top-down processing E. Accommodation
#17 The illusion of movement used by cartoonists drawing several pictures just barely different is called the A. Sensory Adaptation B. Difference Threshold C. Weber s Law D. Stroboscopic Effect E. Accommodation
#1 The longer an individual is exposed to a strong odor, the less aware of the odor the individual becomes. This phenomenon is known as sensory A. Acuity B. Adaptation C. Awareness D. Reception E. Overload
#2 The ability to choose specific stimuli to learn about, while filtering out or ignoring other information, is called A. Selective attention B. Subliminal perception C. Time-sharing D. Masking E. Shadowing
#3 The human vestibular sense is most closely associated with the A. Skin B. Semicircular canals C. Taste buds D. Olfactory bulb E. Rods and cones
#4 Which of the following is a possible reason why cats can see better at night than can humans? A. Cats have a higher proportion of rods to cones. B. Cats pupils can contract to a smaller opening. C. Cats have a smaller blind spot. D. Cats have a larger optic nerve tract. E. The visual cortex of cats is located farther forward in the lobe.
#5 The minimum intensity at which a stimulus can be detected at least 50 percent of the time in known as the A. Visual cliff B. Just noticeable difference C. Perceptual set D. Receptor potential E. Absolute threshold
#6 When Jason practices the drums, he tends not to hear the phone. Today he is expecting a call from a record producer and answers the phone each time it rings, even when he is practicing the drums. Which of the following explains why Jason hears the phone today? A. Weber s Law B. Accommodation C. Frequency theory D. Signal detection theory E. Harmonics
#7 Which of the following is NOT a Gestalt principle of perceptual organization? A. Proximity B. Similarity C. Closure D. Intensity E. Continuity
#8 Which of the following is the correct sequence of anatomical structures through which an auditory stimulus passes before it is perceived as sound? A. Cochlea, ossicles, eardrum, oval window, auditory canal B. Eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, ossicles, oval window C. Oval window, auditory canal, eardrum, cochlea, ossicles D. Ossicles, eardrum, cochlea, auditory canal, oval window E. Auditory canals, eardrum, ossicles, oval window, cochlea
#9 Which of the following is true about rods and cones? A. Rods facilitate black-and-white vision and cones facilitate color vision. B. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the periphery of the retina. C. Both rods and cones are most concentrated at the blind spot of the retina. D. Rods and cones are distributed evenly throughout the retina. E. Rods are more useful than cones for perception in well-lit areas.
#10 After constant exposure to a stimulus, our nerve cells fire less frequently. This can be explained by which of the following? A. Weber s Law B. Sensory adaptation C. Signal detection D. Absolute threshold sensitivity E. The phi phenomenon
#11 Keisha recently lost the sight in her left eye. In which of the following situations would Keisha NOT be able to judge depth? A. Looking down a railroad track as it disappears in the distance B. Looking out a train window at passing scenery C. Throwing a ball to a friend D. Watching two people approach from different distances E. Watching a crowd of children at play in the school yard
#12 The ability of the human visual system to barely detect a candle flame at a distance of about 30 miles on a clear, dark night is an example of A. An absolute threshold B. A difference threshold C. A just noticeable difference D. Weber s Law E. Fechner s Law
#13 The gate control theory attempts to explain how A. The brain analyzes patterns by analyzing changes in brightness over broad areas B. Filtering of excess information results in reduced response to constant stimulation C. The nervous systems blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain D. Differing regions of the tongue are more sensitive to different tastes E. Chemical released by one animal can shape the behavior of a second animal of the same species
#14 The semicircular canals, located in the inner ear, provide important information about the A. Apparent distance of sound B. Air pressure of the surrounding area C. Body s posture and head position D. Frequency of sound waves E. Amplitude of sound waves
#15 Frequency theory best explains, while place theory best explains. A. How we are able to sense our body position without looking; how the vestibular sense functions B. How we perceive low-pitched sounds; how we perceive high-pitched sounds C. How phantom limb sensations occur; how stimulation of the larger fibers in the spinal cord stop pain D. How we process red, green, and blue light; why we experience color afterimages E. How touch sensations involve more than tactile stimulation; why stroking a pressure spot leads to the sensation of a tickle
#16 The effect of our perceptual set on perception best illustrates the importance of A. Sensory thresholds B. Sensation C. Transduction D. Top-down processing E. Accommodation
#17 The illusion of movement used by cartoonists drawing several pictures just barely different is called the A. Sensory Adaptation B. Difference Threshold C. Weber s Law D. Stroboscopic Effect E. Accommodation
Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwsxsqsspiq
Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vjg698u2mvo
As a team, answer this prompt on your whiteboard. Use the following terms to describe in detail how you visually perceive an object that you can see right now. Use the terms in order to correctly describe the sequence of events involved in your example of visual perception. Thalamus Retina Pupil Transduction Action potential Feature detector
First let s check the order. 1. Pupil 2. Retina 3. Transduction 4. Action Potential 5. Thalamus 6. Feature detector
Answer Point 1: Pupil: Students should describe how light reflects off the object, and some of the light passes through the pupil into the eye. Point 2: Retina: Students should explain that the light that passes through the pupil is eventually reflected on the pupil, activating neurons in the retina. Students may use the terms rods and/or cones to describe these neurons, but they do not have to use these specific terms to earn this point. Point 3: Transduction: Students should explain that light waves that were reflected off the object are changed into neural impulses (transduction) at the point of the retina, where neurons fire in response to light waves. Again, students may use the terms rods and/or cones to describe these neurons, but they do not have to use these specific terms to earn this point.
Answer Point 4: Action potential: Students should explain that action potentials are released when neurons fire, sending an electrical charge through the neuron. Students can go on to explain this process in more detail (describing the role of neural structures such as dendrites and the axon.) but they do not need to explain those details to earn the point. Point 5: Thalamus: Students should describe the role of the thalamus in the process, specifically that the neural message from the retina first passes through the thalamus, and that the thalamus routes the impulse elsewhere in the brain. Point 6: Feature detector: Students should discuss the role of feature detectors in their visual perception. The thalamus routed the neural impulse to the feature detectors, and these groups of neurons organize the neural firings into a conscious visual perception of the object. Students can identify the specific location of the feature detectors (visual cortex in the occipital lobe), but they do not need to provide this detail to earn the point.
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