SECTION 1: GENERAL TRAUMA AND RECONSTRUCTIVE HIP SURGERY 1. Acetabular and Pelvic Fractures...3 2. Acetabular Orientation (Total Hips)...6 3. Acetabular Osteotomy...7 4. Achilles Tendon Ruptures...9 5. Acromioclavicular Dislocations...11 6. Age in Total Hip Surgery...14 7. Amputations: Lower Extremity...17 8. Angulation in Fractures...27 9. Ankle Fractures...33 10. Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head...39 11. Back Pain...42 12. Bilateral Total Hips...45 13. Biodegradable Materials...47 14. Bone Graft Substitutes...48 15. Bipolar Prostheses...50 16. Capitellum Fractures...52 17. Capsulectomy in Hip Osteoarthritis...53 18. Carbon Composites in Total Hips...54 19. Cartilage Transplant...55 20. Children: Fractures...56 21. Chondromalacia...58 22. Clavicle Fractures...60 23. Collateral Ligaments (Knee)...65 24. Colles Fractures...67 25. Compartment Syndromes...74
xii Orthopedics: Seeking a Balance 26. Cruciate Ligaments Injuries...76 27. Deltoid Ligament Injuries...78 28. Dislocation of the Hip...79 29. Dislocation of Total Hips...80 30. Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint...82 31. Electrical Stimulation...83 32. Endoprostheses...84 33. External Fixators...87 34. Fat Embolism...88 35. Femoral Head Fractures...89 36. Femoral Neck Fractures...91 37. Femoral Shaft Fractures...93 38. Fibula Fractures and General Behavior...97 39. Forearm Fractures...99 40. Fracture Healing...103 41. Fusion Hip...109 42. Galeazzi Fractures...111 43. Graft: Acetabulum Total Hips...113 44. Gunshot Wounds (Fractures)...116 45. Hemiplegia...118 46. Heterotopic Bone...119 47. Humeral Head Fractures...121 48. Humeral Shaft Fractures...127 49. Hybrid Total Hips...137 50. Ilizarov Technique...139 51. Incongruity...141 52. Infection in Total Hip Surgery...144 53. Intertrochanteric Fractures Interlocking Nailing...146 54. Isoelastic Total Hip Prostheses...151 55. Labrum (Acetabulum)...153 56. Laminar Airflow Systems...155 57. Length Discrepancy (Total Hip Surgery)...157 58. Lysis...159 59. Malrotation (Tibial Fractures)...163
xiii 60. Medial Epicondyle Fractures...165 61. Meniscus Injuries Repair and Grafts...166 62. Metacarpal Fractures...170 63. Metal-backed Acetabular Cups in Total Hips...172 64. Metal-on-metal Total Hips...173 65. Minimally Invasive Total Hip Surgery...175 66. Modular Components...177 67. Nonunion in Tibial Fractures...179 68. Olecranon Fractures...184 69. Open Fractures...186 70. Osteoarthritis...190 71. Osteoarthritis Destructive...192 72. Osteomyelitis (Chronic)...194 73. Patella Fractures...196 74. Peripheral Nerve Injuries...199 75. Peroneal Tendons (Dislocation)...201 76. Plafond Fractures: Tibial...203 77. Plica...205 78. Plugging the Medullary Canal in Total Hip Surgery...206 79. Precoated Total Hip Implants...207 80. Press-fit Total Hip Prostheses The Noncemented Prosthesis...208 81. Pressurization of Cement...210 82. Progress in Total Hip Surgery...212 83. Radial Head Fractures...215 84. Radioulnar Joint Distal...216 85. Rehabilitation...217 86. Revision and Major Surgery without Trochanteric Osteotomy...219 87. Rotator Cuff Tears...222 88. Running and Exercising...224 89. Shortening in Fractures...225 90. Shoulder Dislocations...231 91. Shoulder Subluxation...232 92. Smoking and Fracture Healing...233 93. Spinal Cord Injuries...234
xiv Orthopedics: Seeking a Balance 94. Spondylolisthesis...237 95. Synostosis Ankle...238 96. Synovial Chondromatosis and Intra-articular Osteochondromas...240 97. Talus Fractures...242 98. Tendon Transplants...243 99. Tibial Condylar Fractures...244 100. Tibial Shaft Fractures...248 101. Thromboembolism...257 102. Titanium in Total Hip Replacement...259 103. Total Hip Surgery: Factors Predictive of Success...263 104. Trochanteric Nonunion...266 105. Tuberculosis...267 106. Ulnar Fractures...269 107. Varus Deformity in Hip Fractures...272 108. Vascular Injuries in Total Hip Surgery...273 109. Wear...274 110. Wires (Broken) Total Hip...276 111. Wound Closure and Dressing...278 SECTION 2: MISCELLANEOUS 112. Advertising...281 113. American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS)...283 114. AO: Association for the Internal Fixation of Fractures...286 115. Arthroscopy, MRI and CT Scans...288 116. Association for the Rational Treatment of Fractures (ARTOFs)...291 117. Certificate of Additional Qualifications (CAQs)...293 118. Complications in Surgery...295 119. Erosion of Orthopedics...297 120. Fragmentation of Orthopedics...299 121. Grand Rounds...301 122. Greed...303 123. Health Care Reform...305 124. Orthopedic-Industrial Complex...307 125. Interviewing Prospective Residents...309
xv 126. Journals and Other Publications...312 127. Litigation...315 128. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)...318 129. Outcome Studies...319 130. Podiatry...322 131. Professionalism...326 132. Registries...327 133. Royalties...329 134. Setting Limits...331 135. Sports Medicine...333 136. Subspecialties in Orthopedics...335 137. Teaching...337 138. Traumatology...339 SECTION 3: ADDENDA 139. Staying the Course...343 140. Thoughts on the Role of Orthopedics in Basic Research...349 141. On the Education of the Orthopedic Resident...352 142. Are We Losing Objectivity?...356 143. The Will to Action...361 144. The Devil is in the Details...364 145. Responding to Change...368 146. Medicine and Industry The Payer, the Piper and the Tune...371 147. Reflections on Our Profession...380 148. Joint Replacement Registries The Hurdles Ahead...388 149. Is Socrates Dying?...391 150. Rise and Decline...394 151. Taking Advantage of an Opportunity...397 152. On Orthopedic Residents and Fellows Education...402 153. Thoughts on Orthopedic Guidelines...404 154. The AAOS Annual Meeting A Reflection of the Academy?...406 References...409 Index...415