Supplemental Table 1. ICD-9 Codes for Diagnoses and Procedures ICD-9 Code Description Heart Failure 402.01 Malignant hypertensive heart disease with heart failure 402.11 Benign hypertensive heart disease with heart failure 402.91 Unspecified hypertensive heart disease with heart failure 404.01 Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure 404.03 Malignant hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure and renal failure 404.11 Benign hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure 404.13 Benign hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure and renal failure 404.91 Unspecified hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure 404.93 Unspecified hypertensive heart and renal disease with heart failure and renal failure 428.00 Unspecified congestive heart failure 428.01 Left heart failure 428.20 Unspecified systolic heart failure 428.21 Acute systolic heart failure 428.22 Chronic systolic heart failure 428.23 Acute or chronic systolic heart failure 428.30 Unspecified diastolic heart failure 428.31 Acute diastolic heart failure 428.32 Chronic diastolic heart failure 428.33 Acute or chronic diastolic heart failure 428.40 Unspecified combined systolic and diastolic heart failure 428.41 Acute combined systolic and diastolic heart failure 428.42 Chronic combined systolic and diastolic heart failure 428.43 Acute or chronic combined systolic and diastolic heart failure 428.9 Unspecified heart failure 398.91 Rheumatic heart failure Congenital heart disease 745. Common truncus 745.10 Complete transposition of the great vessels 745.11 Double-outlet right ventricle 745.12 Corrected transposition of the great vessels 745.19 Other transposition of the great vessels 745.2 Tetralogy of Fallot 745.3 Common ventricle 745.4 Ventricular septal defect 745.5 Ostium secundum type atrial septal defect 745.60 Unspecified endocardial cushion defect 745.61 Ostium primum defect 745.69 Other endocardial cushion defect 746.00 Unspecified pulmonary valve anomaly 746.01 Congenital pulmonary valve atresia 746.02 Congenital pulmonary valve stenosis 746.09 Other pulmonary valve anomaly 746.1 Congenital tricuspid atresia and stenosis 746.2 Ebstein anomaly 746.3 Congenital stenosis of the aortic valve 746.6 Congenital insufficiency of the aortic valve 746.6 Congenital mitral stenosis 746.7 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 746.81 Subaortic stenosis 746.82 Cor triatriatum 746.83 Infundibular pulmonic stenosis 746.84 Obstructive anomalies of the heart, not elsewhere classified 746.85 Coronary artery anomaly 746.86 Congenital heart block 746.87 Malposition of heart and cardiac apex 746.89 Other specified anomalies of heart 746.9 Unspecified anomalies of heart 747.0 Patent ductus arteriosus 747.10 Coarctation of aorta 747.11 Interruption of aortic arch 747.20 Unspecified anomaly of aorta 747.11 Anomalies of aortic arch 747.22 Atresia and stenosis of aorta 747.29 Other anomalies of aorta
747.3 Anomalies of pulmonary artery 747.40 Unspecified anomaly of great veins 747.41 Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 747.42 Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection 747.49 Other anomalies of great veins Cardiomyopathy 425.00 Endomyocardial fibrosis 425.10 Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 425.20 Obscure cardiomyopathy of Africa 425.30 Endocardial fibroelastosis 425.40 Other primary cardiomyopathies 425.50 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 425.70 Nutritional and metabolic cardiomyopathy 425.80 Cardiomyopathy in other diseases classified 425.90 Secondary cardiomyopathy, unspecified Myocarditis 032.82 Diptheric myocarditis 036.40 Unspecified meningococcal carditis 036.43 Meningococcal myocarditis 074.20 Unspecified Coxsackie carditis 074.23 Coxsackie myocarditis 130.3 Myocarditis due to toxoplasmosis 391.2 Acute rheumatic myocarditis 398.0 Rheumatic myocarditis 422.0 Acute myocarditis in diseases classified elsewhere 422.90 Other and unspecified acute myocarditis 422.91 Idiopathic myocarditis 422.92 Septic myocarditis 422.93 Toxic myocarditis 422.99 Other acute and unspecified acute myocarditis 429.0 Unspecified myocarditis Cardiac procedures 35.0 Closed heart valvotomy (excludes percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty) 35.00 Closed heart valvotomy, unspecified valve 35.01 Closed heart valvotomy, aortic valve 35.02 Closed heart valvotomy, mitral valve 35.03 Closed heart valvotomy, pulmonary valve 35.04 Closed heart valvotomy, tricuspid valve 35.1 Open heart valvuloplasty without replacement 35.10 Open heart valvuloplasty without replacement, unspecified valve 35.11 Open heart valvuloplasty of aortic valve without replacement 35.12 Open heart valvuloplasty of mitral valve without replacement 35.13 Open heart valvuloplasty of pulmonary valve without replacement 35.14 Open heart valvuloplasty of tricuspid valve without replacement 35.20 Replacement of unspecified heart valve 35.21 Replacement of aortic valve with tissue graft 35.22 Other replacement of mitral valve with tissue graft 35.23 Replacement of mitral valve with tissue graft 35.24 Other replacement of mitral valve 35.25 Replacement of pulmonary valve with tissue graft 35.26 Other replacement of pulmonary valve 35.27 Replacement of tricuspid valve with tissue graft 35.28 Other replacement of tricuspid valve 35.31 Operations on papillary muscles 35.32 Operations on chordae tendinae 35.33 Annuloplasty 35.34 Infundibulectomy 35.35 Operations on trabeculae careae cordis 35.39 Operations on other structures adjacent to valves of heart 35.41 Enlargement of existing atrial septal defect 35.42 Creation of septal defect in heart 35.50 Repair of unspecified septal defect of heart with prosthesis 35.51 Repair of atrial septal defect with prosthesis, open technique 35.52 Repair of atrial septal defect with prosthesis, closed technique 35.53 Repair of ventricular septal defect with prosthesis 35.54 Repair of endocardial cushion defect with prosthesis 35.55 Repair of ventricular septal defect with prosthesis, closed technique 35.60 Repair of unspecified septal defect of heart with tissue graft
35.61 Repair of atrial septal defect with tissue graft 35.62 Repair of ventricular septal defect with tissue graft 35.63 Repair of endocardial cushion defect with tissue graft 35.70 Other and unspecified repair of unspecified septal defect of heart 35.71 Other and unspecified repair of atrial septal defect 35.72 Other and unspecified repair of ventricular septal defect 35.73 Other and unspecified repair of endocardial cushion defect 35.81 Repair of tetralogy of Fallot 35.82 Total repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 35.83 Total repair of truncus arteriosus 35.84 Total correction of transposition of the great vessels, not elsewhere classified 35.91 Interatrial transposition of venous return 35.92 Creation of conduit between right ventricle and pulmonary artery 35.93 Creation of conduit between left ventricle and aorta 35.94 Creation of conduit between atrium and pulmonary artery 35.95 Revision of corrective procedure on heart 35.96 Percutaneous valvuloplasty 35.98 Other operations on septa of heart 35.99 Other operations on valves of heart 36.03 Open chest coronary angioplasty 36.09 Other removal of coronary artery obstruction 36.1 Bypass anastomosis for heart revascularization 36.10 Aortocoronary bypass anastomosis for heart revascularization, not otherwise specified 36.11 Aortocoronary bypass of one coronary artery 36.12 Aortocoronary bypass of two coronary arteries 36.13 Aortocoronary bypass of three coronary arteries 36.14 Aortocoronary bypass of four or more coronary arteries 36.15 Single internal mammary-coronary artery bypass 36.16 Double internal mammary-coronary artery bypass 36.17 Abdominal coronary artery bypass 36.19 Other bypass anastomosis for heart revascularization 36.2 Heart revascularization by arterial implant 36.31 Open chest transmyocardial revascularization 36.32 Other transmyocardial revascularization 36.33 Endoscopic transmyocardial revascularization 36.39 Other heart revascularization 36.91 Repair of aneurysm of coronary vessel 36.99 Other operations on vessels of heart 37.0 Pericardiocentesis 37.10 Incision of the heart, not otherwise specified 37.11 Cardiotomy 37.12 Pericardiotomy 37.24 Biopsy of pericardium 37.31 Pericardiectomy 37.32 Excision of aneurysm of heart 37.33 Excision or destruction of other lesion or tissue of heart, open approach 37.35 Partial ventriculectomy 37.41 Implantation of prosthetic cardiac support device around the heart 37.49 Other repair of heart and pericardium 37.67 Implantation of cardiomyostimulation system 37.70 Initial insertion of lead, not otherwise specified 37.71 Initial insertion of transvenous lead into ventricle 37.72 Initial insertion of transvenous leads into atrium and ventricle 37.73 Initial insertion of transvenous leads into atrium 37.74 Insert/replace epicardial lead into epicardium 37.75 Revision of lead 37.76 Replacement of transvenous atrial and/or ventricular leads 37.77 Removal of leads without replacement 37.78 Insertion of temporary transvenous pacemaker system 37.79 Revision or relocation of pacemaker pocket 37.80 Insertion of permanent pacemaker, initial or replacement, type not specified 37.81 Initial insertion of single-chamber device, not specified as rate response 37.82 Initial insertion of single-chamber device, rate responsive 37.83 Initial insertion of dual-chamber device 37.85 Replacement of any type pacemaker device with single-chamber device, not specified as ra 37.86 Replacement of any type pacemaker device with single-chamber device, rate responsive 37.87 Replacement of any type pacemaker device with dual-chamber device 37.89 Revision or removal of pacemaker device 37.90 Insertion of left atrial appendage device
37.91 Open cardiac massage 37.92 Injection of therapeutic substance into heart 37.93 Injection of therapeutic substance into pericardium 37.94 Implantation or replacement of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator, total system 37.95 Implantation of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator leads only 37.96 Implantation of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator only 37.97 Replacement of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator leads only 37.98 Replacement of automatic cardioverter/defibrillator pulse generator only 37.99 Other cardiac procedures 38.04 Incision of vessels, aorta 38.05 Incision of vessels, other thoracic vessels 38.14 Endarterectomy, aorta 38.15 Endarterectomy, other thoracic vessels 38.34 Resection of vessel with anastomosis, aorta 38.35 Resection of vessel with anastomosis, other thoracic vessels 38.44 Resection of vessel with replacement, aorta 38.45 Resection of vessel with replacement, other thoracic vessels 38.65 Other excision of vessels, thoracic vessels 38.7 Interruption of vena cava 38.85 Other surgical occlusion of vessels, thoracic vessels 39.0 Systemic to pulmonary artery shunt 39.21 Caval-pulmonary anastomosis 39.22 Aorta-subclavian artery bypass 39.23 Other intrathoracic vascular shunt or bypass 39.54 Reentry operation (aorta) 39.57 Repair of blood vessel with synthetic patch graft 39.58 Repair of blood vessel with unspecified type of patch graft 39.64 Intraoperative cardiac pacemaker Pulmonary hypertension 415.0 Acute cor pulmonale 416.0 Primary pulmonary hypertension 416.8 Other chronic pulmonary heart diseases 416.9 Unspecified chronic pulmonary heart disease Arrhythmias 426.0 Third-degree atrio-ventricular block 426.54 Trifascicular block 426.7 Anomalous atrioventricular excitation 426.81 Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome 426.82 Long QT syndrome 427.0 Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 427.1 Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia 427.2 Unspecified paroxysmal tachycardia 427.31 Atrial fibrillation 427.32 Atrial flutter 427.41 Ventricular fibrillation 427.42 Ventricular flutter 427.81 SA node dysfunction 427.89 Other specified cardiac dysrhythmias 427.9 Unspecified cardiac dysrhythmia 785.0 Unspecified tachycardia Acute renal failure 584.5 Acute renal failure (ARF) with tubular necrosis 584.6 ARF with lesion of renal cortical necrosis 584.7 ARF with lesion of renal medullary necrosis 584.8 ARF with other specified pathologic lesion in kidney 584.9 Unspecified ARF Respiratory failure 518.81 Acute respiratory failure 518.83 Chronic respiratory failure 518.84 Acute and chronic respiratory failure 799.1 Respiratory arrest Acute cerebrovascular disease 430 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 431 Intracerebral hemorrhage 432.0 Nontraumatic extradural hemorrhage 432.1 Subdural hemorrhage 432.9 Intracranial hemorrhage, not otherwise specified 433.01 Basilar artery occlusion with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 433.11 Carotid artery occlusion with CVA
433.21 Vertebral artery occlusion with CVA 433.31 Multiple and bilateral arterial occlusion with CVA 433.81 Other specified precerebral artery occlusion and CVA 433.91 Unspecified precerebral artery occlusion and CVA 434.00 Cerebral thrombosis without mention of CVA 434.01 Cerebral thrombosis with CVA 434.10 Cerebral embolism without mention of CVA 434.11 Cerebral embolism with CVA 434.90 Unspecified cerebral artery occlusion without mention of CVA 434.91 Unspecified cerebral artery occlusion with CVA 437.1 Other generalized ischemic cerebrovascular disease 438.9 Unspecified CVA, late effect 997.02 Iatrogenic cerebrovascular infarction or hemorrhage Hepatic impairment 570 Acute and subacute necrosis of liver 571.0 Alcoholic fatty liver 571.1 Acute alcoholic hepatitis 571.2 Alcoholic liver cirrhosis 571.3 Unspecified alcoholic liver damage 571.40 Unspecified chronic hepatitis 571.41 Chronic persistent hepatitis 571.42 Autoimmune hepatitis 571.49 Other chronic hepatitis 571.5 Cirrhosis, not otherwise specified 571.6 Primary biliary cirrhosis 571.8 Other chronic nonalcoholic liver disease 571.9 Unspecified chronic liver disease 572.0 Liver absess and sequelae of chronic liver disease 572.2 Hepatic coma 572.3 Portal hypertension 572.4 Hepatorenal syndrome 572.8 Other sequelae of chronic liver disease 573.0 Chronic passive congestion of liver 573.3 Hepatitis, unspecified 573.4 Hepatic infarction 573.8 Other specified disorders of liver 573.9 Unspecified disorder of liver Sepsis/Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) 995.90 Unspecified SIRS 995.91 Sepsis 995.92 Severe sepsis 995.93 SIRS due to noninfectious process without acute organ dysfunction 995.94 SIRS due to noninfectious process with acute organ dysfunction 038.0 Streptococcal septicemia 038.10 Unspecified staphylococcal septicemia 038.11 Methicillin-sensitive staphylococcal septicemia 038.12 Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal septicemia 038.19 Other staphylococcal septicemia 038.2 Pneumococcal septicemia 038.3 Septicemia due to anaerobes 038.40 Unspecified gram-negative septicemia 038.41 Haemophilus influenza septicemia 038.42 Escherichia coli septicemia 038.43 Pseudomonas septicemia 038.44 Serratia septicemia 038.49 Other septicemia 038.8 Other specified septicemias 038.9 Septicemia, not otherwise specified 054.5 Herpetic septicemia 790.7 Bacteremia 771.81 Septicemia of the newborn 771.83 Bacteremia of the newborn Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) 39.65 ECMO Ventricular Assist Device 37.60 Implantation of heart and circulatory assist system 37.62 Insertion of temporary nonimplantable extracorporeal circulatory assist system
37.65 Implant single ventricular (extracorporeal) external heart assist system 37.66 Insertion of implantable heart assist system 37.68 Insertion of percutaneous external heart assist device 37.52 Implantation of total replacement heart system 37.61 Implantation of pulsation balloon