Scrub In: Red blood cells are called: a. erythrocytes b. leukocytes c. melanocytes d. thrombocytes Which component of blood is necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process: a. erythrocytes b. leukocytes c. thrombocytes d. basophils circulatory system 1
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Essential questions What are the structures of blood? What are the structures of the circulatory system? circulatory system 3
Structures of the circulatory system Blood Heart Arteries Veins Capillaries circulatory system 4
Blood Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of The average adult has 8 10 pints. circulatory system 5
Blood One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! circulatory system 6
Structures of the blood Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes circulatory system 7
Plasma Plasma Cellular elements circulatory system 8
Plasma proteins Plasma Cellular elements circulatory system 9
Erythrocytes Biconcave disk Hemoglobin gives red color to blood Transportation Oxygen to tissues Carbon dioxide away from cells circulatory system 10
Leukocytes Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes white cells circulatory system 11
Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes circulatory system 12
Leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils produce Heparin an anticoagulant circulatory system 13
Thrombocytes Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes (bone marrow cells) Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process circulatory system 14
circulatory system 15
Blood types Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell circulatory system 16
In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. circulatory system 17
Blood types Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies circulatory system 18
Rh factor Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient s health, it can affect pregnancy. Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. circulatory system 19
Rh factor In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. circulatory system 20
Rh factor If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. circulatory system 21
Bellringer The middle layer of the heart wall is called the: a. endocardium b. epicardium c. myocardium d. pericardium The right upper chamber of the heart is called the: a. left atrium b. left ventricle c. right atrium d. right ventricle circulatory system 22
Heart The heart is a double pump. circulatory system 23
Structures of the circulatory system Heart Is separated into a right and left side by a muscular wall called the septum. Is divided into 4 parts or chambers 2 upper chambers are the atria 2 lower chambers are the ventricles circulatory system 24
Heart Chambers Right atrium receives blood as it returns from body cells Right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pushes blood into the pulmonary artery (which carries the blood to the lungs for oxygen) Left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs Left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pushes blood into the aorta so it can be carried to body cells
Heart Valves One way valves in the chambers of the heart keep the blood flowing in the right direction Tricuspid valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into right atrium Pulmonary semilunar valve located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery and prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle Mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle and prevents blood from flowing back into left atrium Aortic valve located between the left ventricle and aorta (largest artery in the body) and prevents blood from flowing back into left ventricle
Layers of the Heart Three layers of tissue form the heart Endocardium lines the inside of the heart; smooth ;ayer of cells Myocardium muscular middle layer; thickest layer Pericardium covers the outside of the heart; is a double layered membrane or sac
Chambers and Layers of the heart Right atrium Left atrium Pericardium Myocardium Right ventricle Endocardium Left ventricle circulatory system 28
Heart Superior vena cava Aortic semilunar valve Right atrium Tricuspid valve Inferior vena cava Right ventricle Septum Aorta Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid (mitral) valve Pulmonary semilunar valve Left ventricle Apex circulatory system 29
Conduction system of heart beats Electrical impulse originating in the heart causes the myocardium to contract in a cyclic manner. SA node (sinoatrial node) AV node (atrioventricular node) Bundle of His Purkinje fibers 30
Structures of the circulatory system ARTERIES Elastic, muscular and thickwalled circulatory system 31
Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES *Aorta largest artery in the body; takes blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body *Carotid artery carries blood to the brain * Pulmonary artery takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen Arterioles smallest branches of arteries; join with capillaries; vessels that contain the highest level of oxygen Capillaries connect arterioles with venules (the smallest veins) circulatory system 32
Vessels of the circulatory system Arterial blood Oxygen rich Bright red, spurts circulatory system 33
Structures of the circulatory system VEINS circulatory system 34
Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins Venules smallest branches of veins; connect with capillaries circulatory system 35
Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS Superior and Inferior Vena Cava -Two largest veins -Superior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the upper part of the body -Inferior vena cava brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the lower part of the body Jugular vein -Carries blood away from the brain Pulmonary vein -brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Vessels of the circulatory system Venous blood Oxygen poor Dark crimson, oozes circulatory system 37
Vessels of the circulatory system circulatory system 38
Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body circulatory system 39
Flow of blood through the body Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange circulatory system 40
Pulse sites Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. circulatory system 41
Common pulse sites circulatory system 42