Example lesson plan Chapter 1: Lesson plan AQA recognises that the teaching of this qualification will vary greatly from school to school and from teacher to teacher. With that in mind, this example lesson plan is offered as a possible approach but can easily be modified by the individual teacher to suit the subject matter. Lesson length is assumed to be one hour. Learning objectives for the lesson Objective 1 Objective 2 Objective 3 Objective 4 Recap of previous experience and prior knowledge Recap of work from AS or GCSE course, etc. Content Time Content 5 minutes Introduction: Recap (as above) 10 minutes Starter activity: Consider three athletes: an endurance athlete, a power athlete and 20 mins 2nd activity: WS 1.1 List the components of fitness in a table Feed back the definitions each definition should be challenged 10 mins 3rd activity: WS 1.2 Draw a second table with all of the components of fitness listed Rank each component of fitness in order of importance 10 mins Peer assessment: Class feeds back Consolidation Time Content 5 minutes Follow up: Feed back and discuss findings/opinions Homework: Homework/Extension activities Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 7
Section A AQA A2 PE TRP Activity grid: Applied physiology to optimise performance This at-a-glance activity grid shows how the activities in the Teaching Resource Pack map against the accompanying Student Book and key PE concepts and skills from the AQA specifications. Worksheets Description Concepts covered Student Book 1.1 ATP the body s energy currency Fill-in question sheet on the equations of energy Energy sources and systems 3 5 1.2 The aerobic energy system Fill-in diagram of aerobic energy Aerobic energy system 5 9 1.3 Recovery from exercise I Fill-in graph of the phases of recovery 1.4 Recovery from exercise II Fill-in graph for exercise and recovery period 1.5 Key terms in recovery Fill-in key words used for the recovery process Factors relating to intensity and duration of exercise Factors relating to intensity and duration of exercise Factors relating to intensity and duration of exercise 9 13 9 13 3 13 1.6 Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) Fill-in questions on VO 2 max and methods used to measure it Lung volumes and capacities 14 18 1.7 Aerobic processes Crossword on aerobic exercise and energy systems Aerobic energy system 5 19 1.8 The ATP PC system Fill-in questions on the ATP PC energy system Simplified biochemistry of breakdown and regeneration of ATP 19 20 1.9 The lactic acid/lactate anaerobic system Fill-in questions on ATP resynthesis in the lactate anaerobic system Simplified biochemistry in lactate anaerobic system 20 22 1.10 Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) Fill-in questions on the relationship between exercise intensity and blood lactate accumulation Lactate threshold/ob 22 23 1.11 Anaerobic processes Crossword on anaerobic exercise and energy systems Anaerobic energy system 19 24 1.12 Summary of energy systems Fill-in questions on the key points of the body s energy systems Energy systems 26 28 2.1 Sliding filament theory Wordsearch on sliding filament theory Structure and function of skeletal muscle 33 36 2.2 Types of muscle fibre Fill-in questions on the types of muscle fibre Different fibre types 36 39 2.3 Types of muscle fibre continuum Fill-in continuum on types of muscle fibre Different fibre types 36 39 2.4 Muscle fibre recruitment Fill-in questions on muscle fibre recruitment Structure and function of skeletal muscle 39 42 2.5 Structure and function of skeletal muscle I Match terms and definitions on the structure and function of skeletal muscle Structure and function of skeletal muscle 32 43 2.5 Structure and function of skeletal muscle II Wordsearch on structure and function of skeletal muscle Structure and function of skeletal muscle 32 43 3.1 Ergogenic aids Fill-in chart on ergogenic aids Sports supplements 47 48 8 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
Section A Worksheets Description Concepts covered Student Book 3.2 Ergogenic aids and sports supplements Crossword on ergogenic aids and sports supplements Sports supplements 47 48 3.3 Plyometrics Fill-in questions on plyometrics Specialised training 54 3.4 Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) 3.5 Altitude training and glycogen loading Fill-in questions on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation Fill-in questions on altitude training and glycogen loading Specialised training 55 Specialised training 56 58 3.6 Periodisation of training Fill-in questions on periodisation of training Specialised training 60 65 3.7 Thermoregulation during exercise 4.1 Intrinsic and extrinsic injuries Fill-in key words on thermoregulation during exercise Fill-in questions on sporting injuries Specialised training 65 67 Sports injuries 72 4.2 Injury management Fill-in questions on injury management 4.3 Sports rehabilitation Fill-in chart on sports rehabilitation 4.4 Sporting injury Wordsearch on sporting injury Sports injuries 73 Sports injuries 74 76 Sports injuries 72 77 5.1 Quantities of linear motion Fill-in questions on quantities of linear motion Linear motion 80 85 5.2 Linear motion Fill-in graph on linear motion Linear motion 82 83 5.3 Forces and linear motion Crossword on forces and linear motion Application of forces in sporting activities 87 89 5.4 Graphs of linear motion Match graphs to description Linear motion 82 83 5.5 Impulse Fill-in questions on impulse Impulse in sprinting 84 85 5.6 Newton s laws of motion Fill-in chart on Newton s laws of motion Newton s laws applied to movements 85 87 5.7 Forces Draw in forces on diagrams Application of forces in sporting activities 88 89 5.8 Projectile motion Fill-in questions on projectile motion Projectile motion, vector components of parabolic flight 90 92 5.9 Quantities of angular motion 5.10 Investigating angular motion 5.11 Key terms in angular motion Crossword on quantities of angular motion Fill-in questions on investigating angular motion Fill-in key terms used in angular motion Angular motion 94 Angular motion 92 97 Angular motion 92 97 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 9
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.1 ATP the body s energy currency 1 Give a definition of and units of measurement for energy Definition: Units of measurement: 2 In the space below, draw a diagram that represents the following: ATP + (ATPase) g ADP + Pi + Energy 3 Complete the table below: Type of reaction Definition Example when each occurs during energy production Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction 4 Give an example of a sporting performer who predominantly relies upon each of the following fuels for ATP resynthesis : Phosphocreatine: Glycogen: Triglycerides/Fatty acids: 10 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems 1.2 The aerobic energy system 1 Fill in the missing labels in this diagrammatic representation of the aerobic pathway. Glycogen Site of reaction Sarcoplasm Pyruvic acid Insufficient oxygen CO 2 2H + +e - Oxygen 2ATP 2 Write an equation that summarises the aerobic energy system. Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 11
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 3 Use your knowledge of the aerobic system to complete the table below. Aerobic system Fuels used for the resynthesis of ATP Site of reactions Active enzymes Moles of ATP produced per mole of fuel 4 Explain the role of the following during the production of energy via the aerobic pathway: Mitochondria Role in aerobic respiration Kreb s cycle Electron transport system Beta oxidation 12 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems 1.3 Recovery from exercise I 1 The figure below shows the relationship between oxygen consumption and time before, during and after highintensity exercise. VO 2 L/min 1 4 2 3 4 2 3 1 0 Rest Exercise Recovery Time (mins) a Label boxes 1 4 on the graph. b Complete the table below outlining the processes that take place during stages 1 and 2. Stage 1 Stage of the recovery process Processes taking place during each stage Stage 2 2 A cool down should be completed following exercise. Briefly describe a cool down and explain how it could help to speed up lactate removal. Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 13
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.4 Recovery from exercise II 1 The table below reflects the heart rate of a swimmer who has completed a steady swim over 20 minutes followed by a 10-minute recovery period: Exercise Time (mins) 0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Heart rate (bpm) 60 80 100 120 145 165 165 165 165 Recovery Time (mins) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Heart rate (bpm) 145 120 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 a Use the figures to plot a graph of heart rate response during exercise and recovery. b Explain the pattern of heart rate during the recovery period 14 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems c Explain the process of lactate conversion that takes place during recovery from the swim. 2 How could information on fast and slow components of EPOC aid a games performer: during a match? immediately following a match? 3 In the space below, sketch a graph to illustrate the pattern of PC depletion and replenishment during a sprint interval training set consisting of six repetitions. Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 15
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.5 Key terms in recovery Unscramble the key terms below to reveal a phrase relating to the recovery process. xynoge tifdice 35 30 8 SEEXCS SOPT-SEEXIRCE GXNEOY NUMSOPNOITC 23 1 13 COLO NOWD 3 36 27 FERNIFBUG 53 6 53 CLCAADATI BEDT 12 24 YELEDDA NESTO FO CUSMEL RSNEESOS 56 7 42 33 52 49 58 SETNO DOOLB TAATECL TUMAACNLUOCI 9 34 16 28 SADO NALGIOD 18 15 DIACALCT TEDB 31 50 10 BECIRBATNOA OIN 44 4 57 46 51 DAACOTRHRYBE WOWNID 14 32 5 MYNGOXBOILYO 47 20 40 NEIPREHSEMLNT FO LYGOECNG RETOSS 26 48 43 38 39 21 37 2 22 45 54 LAECATT TESLUHT 55 17 19 11 25 41 Work out the phrase below from the letters above. V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 16 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems 1.6 Maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) 1 a Give a definition of maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) b State the units of measurement of VO 2 max in: i relative terms ii absolute terms 2 Name and critically evaluate three methods of measuring your VO 2 max: Name of test Advantages of using test Disadvantages of using test 1 2 3 3 Identify and explain four factors that contribute to a performer s level of aerobic capacity (VO 2 max). Factor 1 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 17
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 18 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems 1.7 Aerobic processes Across 5 These muscle fibres are most likely to have high levels of myoglobin 7 The amount of ATP released from the breaking down of one mole of glycogen 8 A stage of the aerobic energy system 10 The return of the body to its pre-exercise state 11 These performers consistently come out tops when tested for VO 2 max 13 The site of energy release under aerobic conditions Down 1 This is used to show the predominant metabolic fuel in use when exercising 2 The best method of assessing VO 2 max 3 This represents the volume of additional oxygen required to perform an activity entirely aerobically 4 The equivalent of glycolysis in the metabolism of fats 6 A process that converts lactic acid back into glucose and glycogen 9 This will speed up the rate of lactate removal 12 An active enzyme in the aerobic system Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 19
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.8 The ATP PC system 1 In the space below write an equation that summarises the ATP PC/alactic system. 2 Explain what you understand by the term coupled reaction in the context of the ATP PC energy system. 3 The graph illustrates the contribution of ATP and PC to the provision of energy during all-out effort during a 100m sprint. Explain the pattern of ATP and PC depletion during the sprint. Concentration of ATP/PC PC store ATP Time (seconds) 4 Use your knowledge of the ATP PC system to complete the table below. ATP PC system Fuel used for the resynthesis of ATP Site of reactions Active enzyme Moles of ATP produced per mole of fuel 20 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1.9 The lactic acid/lactate anaerobic system 1 Energy systems 1 a In the space below draw a diagram that summarises the method of ATP resynthesis used by a 400m runner. b Write an equation that summarises this method of ATP resynthesis. 2 Lactic acid system Fuel used for the resynthesis of ATP Site of reactions Active enzyme Moles of ATP produced per mole of fuel 3 Explain the terms below in relation to the lactic acid system. Glycolysis Role in lactic acid energy system Lactate dehydrogenase Phosphofructokinase 4 Briefly explain when a games performer, such as a footballer or netball player, will provide the majority of energy from the lactic acid system. Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 21
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.10 Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) 1 A student takes part in the multi-stage fitness test. The table below illustrates the relationship between the concentration of blood lactate and exercise intensity (measured as the level achieved in the multi-stage fitness test.) Beep Beep A B 20m Run in time with the beeps Speed inceases 0.5 kmh every 60 seconds Miss the beep three times and you re out Blood lactate (mmol/litre) 1 7 1.2 8 1.5 9 2.2 10 4.5 11 6.5 12 8.5 13 Exercise intensity (level reached) a Using the data in the table, plot a graph to illustrate the relationship between blood lactate concentration and exercise intensity. b How would you use the data to explain that at level 7 most of the energy supply is from the aerobic system and at level 12 most of the energy supply is from anaerobic systems? 22 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems c Mark the following on your graph: lactate threshold onset of blood lactate accumulation. d Suggest why the lactate threshold occurs below OBLA. 2 a 65% of lactic acid produced is converted into carbon dioxide and water during the recovery process. State two different ways the body facilitates this conversion: Method 1 Method 2 b Other than conversion into carbon dioxide and water, state three other methods of lactic acid removal. Method 1 Approximate % of lactate converted via this method 2 3 3 In the space below sketch a graph to illustrate the pattern of lactic acid accumulation and removal during an interval training consisting of 3 x 400m runs with 90 seconds recovery between each run. Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 23
1 Energy systems AQA A2 PE TRP 1.11 Anaerobic processes Across 1 The part of the cell where both anaerobic energy pathways take place 6 The amount of millimoles of lactate that determines the point of OBLA 7 The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate 8 The active enzyme in the ATP-PC system 9 The amount of ATP produced under the lactate anaerobic system 10 The linked processes in the ATP-PC system Down 2 This enzyme converts pyruvate into lactate 3 The fuel used to replenish ATP in the ATP-PC energy system 4 This marks the point where one energy system exhausts and another takes over as the predominant supplier of energy 5 The process of lactate removal which helps to maintain blood and muscle ph 24 Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009
1 Energy systems 1.12 Summary of energy systems In the table below draw a diagram that summarises each of the energy pathways and state the key points of information outlined. Diagrammatic representation Key information: Aerobic pathway Site of reaction: Enzymes: Fuel(s) used: Intensity of exercise: Amount of ATP produced: Any by-products? ATP PC system Site of reaction: Enzymes: Fuel(s) used: Intensity of exercise: Amount of ATP produced: Any by-products? Lactate anaerobic pathway Site of reaction: Enzymes: Fuel(s) used: Intensity of exercise: Amount of ATP produced: Any by-products? Owned by or under licence to Pearson Education Limited 2009 25