The Digestive System CP Biology Objectives Explain how food provides energy. Identify the 6 forms of nutrients your body needs and describe their use in the body. Identify the organs of the digestive system; mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. Distinguish between mechanical digestion, chemical digestion and absorption. Explain how the digestive system converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules that can be used by cells for energy and for cell growth and cell repair. Explain how the digestive system works with other systems in the body o Skeletal System: Provides calcium from foods to make bones strong. o Cardiovascular System: Provides glucose, water and nutrients for transport. o Muscular System: Provides glucose and calcium for actin-myosin contraction. o Respiratory System: Provides oxygen, which is then combined with glucose from the digestive system during the process of cellular respiration, which extracts energy stored in organic molecules of food.
Read pg 971-984 and complete the following worksheets. 1. What process extracts energy stored in the organic molecules of food? (pg 971 and front page of packet) 2. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water are all nutrients that are important to body functions. Each serves a different function in the body. Complete the table below, some information has been done for you. (pg 972-975) Type of Nutrient How It Is Used in the Body/Why It Is Needed Water Main energy source for the body; some help food and wastes move through the digestive system Raw materials for growth and repair; used for regulation and transport vitamins Minerals
Label the following diagram.
A Journey through the Digestive System 3. What is the function of the digestive system? (pg978) THE MOUTH (pg 978-979) 4. The physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces is referred to as digestion and takes place in the. 5. The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream is called digestion and also begins in the with the help of the salivary glands. 6. Saliva contains an enzyme called that breaks the chemical bonds in starches and releases sugars. THE ESOPHAGUS (pg 980) Match each term with its definition 7. bolus a. contractions of smooth muscle that aid in swallowing 8. esophagus b. ball-like clump of chewed food 9. peristalsis c. food tube connecting the mouth and stomach 10. When food passes from the mouth to the esophagus, it must pass through the, also commonly referred to as the throat, and serves as a passageway for air and food. THE STOMACH (pg 980-981) 11. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the stomach. a. It produces hydrochloric acid. b. It produces trypsin. c. It helps in the mechanical digestion of food. d. It produces amylase. e. Pepsin is activated by the stomach acid and helps to break down proteins. 12. Is the following sentence true or false? Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, which started in the mouth by the enzyme salivary amylase, continues in the stomach. 13. A mixture of stomach fluids and food is referred to as.
THE SMALL INTESTINE (pg 981-982) 14. Where does most chemical digestion take place? 15. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about the pancreas. a. It produces amylase. b. It produces sodium bicarbonate c. Its enzymes help break down lipids and nucleic acids. d. It produces lactase. 16. What is the function of the sodium bicarbonate produced by the pancreas? 17. Why is neutralization of stomach acids important to the function of enzymes? 18. What role does the liver play in digestion? ABSORPTION in the SMALL INTESTINE (pg 982-983) 19. What is the main function of the small intestine? 20. Projections that cover the folds of the small intestine are called, and they increase the surface area of the small intestine. 21. Is the following sentence true or false? Most of the products of carbohydrate and protein digestion are absorbed into the capillaries in the villi. 22. Does the appendix play an important role in human digestion? 23. By the time food leaves the small intestine it is basically nutrient-free, what is left behind to continue the journey through the digestive system? THE LARGE INTESTINE (pg 984) 24. What is the primary job of the large intestine? 25. Before waste is removed from the body it must first pass through the, and then the.
Peristalsis Extra Diagrams
Absorption in the Small Intestine
Food Pathway Through the Digestive System