SOILS, FERTILIZTION ND MNGEMENT OF WTER Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels sorión de nutrientes en pp rioll (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) pr determinr niveles rítios nutriionles Jime Torres. 1 nd rlos. Surez M. STRT sed on the nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers), the ritil nutritionl levels were determined on frm in the rrizl distrit of the muniiplity of Grnd (undinmr). Five fertilizing tretments were used: fertiliztion (ontrol), ommeril ontrol (), proposed reommendtion + 5% (PR + 5%), proposed reommendtion (PR), proposed reommendtion - 5% (PR 5%); orgnized with rndom omplete lok design with three repetitions nd repeted mesurements over time; in eh one, the mteril nd nutrient sorption were evluted in four phonologil stges; in whih the hrvest, yield nd profitility were mesured. It ws oserved tht the dry mteril inresed rpidly until 113 dys fter plnting (dp) nd ws higher in tretments nd PR + 5% with,1 nd 7,73 kg h -1, respetively. The sttistil nlysis showed tht the elements: N, P, K,, Mg, S, Zn, u nd did not present signifint differenes over time fter 77 dp in tretments nd PR + 5%. There were no signifint differenes in yield for tretments nd PR + 5% ut there were signifint differenes etween these tretments nd the others. The eonomi nlysis showed tht tretment hd the highest profitility, onfirming this s the ritil level for the Glers vriety in Grnd (undinmr). Key words: fertiliztion, dry mtter, rop growth stge, yield, root vegetles. RESUMEN on se en l sorión de nutrientes en pp rioll (Solnum phurej vr. Glers), se determinron los niveles rítios nutriionles pr un fin lolizd en l vered rrizl del muniipio de Grnd (undinmr). Se empleron ino trtmientos fertilizntes [ fertilizión (ontrol), ontrol omeril (), reomendión propuest + 5% (PR + 5%), reomendión propuest (RP) y reomendión propuest - 5% (PR 5%)] dispuestos en un diseño de loques ompletos l zr on tres repliiones y medids repetids en el tiempo, en d uno se evluó mteri se y sorión de nutrientes en utro etps fenológis; en oseh se midió rendimiento y rentilidd. Se oservó que l mteri se umentó rápidmente hst 113 dís después de siemr (dds) y fue myor en los trtmientos y PR + 5% on.1 y 7.73 kg h -1, respetivmente. El nálisis estdístio mostró que los elementos N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn, u y no dieron diferenis signifitivs en el tiempo después de los 77 dds pr los trtmientos y PR + 5%. No se enontrron diferenis signifitivs en rendimiento pr los trtmientos y PR + 5%, pero sí de estos on los demás. El nálisis eonómio mostró que l myor rentilidd l dio el trtmiento, onstituyéndose los vlores extrídos por l plnt on este, omo los niveles rítios pr l vriedd Glers en Grnd (undinmr). Plrs lve: fertilizión, mteri se, etps de reimiento del ultivo, rendimiento, hortlizs de ríz. Introdution The prinipl produer of the rioll potto in the world is olomi. In, lose to,3 h yer -1 were estlished, whih represents pproximtely % of the ultivted re for pottoes in the ountry, with 9% of the prodution in the deprtments of Nriño, undinmr, oy nd ntioqui. olomi is the iggest onsumer nd exporter in the world with numers lose to 1, t yer -1 (Fedepp, 9). Due to the high eptne of the rioll potto with its nutritionl qulity nd orgnolepti hrteristis, new rops tht re eing estlished re gered towrd its ommeriliztion, with view towrds inresing exports (Rodríguez et l., 9). Sre gronomi informtion for the rioll potto in ll its developmentl stges hs ment tht the employed mngement tehnologies re extrpolted for the potto eh yer, inluding fertiliztion, whih is not pplied in suitle mnner, shortening the prodution yle of the phurej Reeived for pulition: 9 Jnury, 1. epted for pulition: 19 Mrh, 1. 1 Deprtment of gronomy, Fulty of griulturl Sienes, Universidd Nionl de olomi. ogot (olomi). jtorres@unl.edu.o griulturl Professionl ssistnt, Epsgro soprotem. Puente Nionl (olomi). gronomí olomin 3(1), 59-9, 1
group, whih llows for three hrvests per yer (Rodríguez et l., 9), different from the two hrvests per yer for the potto. This hs resulted in the produtive potentil of this geneti resoure not eing expressed dequtely nd, therefore, indequte profitility nd ompetitive limittions due to n pprent exess of fertiliztion. Fertiliztion represents lose to 39% of the totl osts of prodution (Porrs, 5), where the higher demnd is for the fertilizer ompounds nitrogen, phosphorus, potssium, nd potssium, elements tht use prodution limittions due to their mrked intertion, whih hs een proven in vrious studies on the pp de ño (ndigen potto), ording to Guerrero (199). The nutrient demnds of the rioll potto hve not een estlished; however, in preliminry studies tht ompred dose with prodution, it ws oserved tht demnds for P O 5 re etween nd 1 kg h -1, ut no yield response hs een seen for vlues ove 5 kg h -1 of P O 5 (Rozo, ). In regrds to nitrogen (N), the rioll potto responds fvorly to doses etween 5 nd 1 kg h -1 (Guerrero, 199). For potssium (K), yields of t of tuers n e hieved with n extrtion of 15 kg h -1 (rrer nd Tmyo ). ording to stro (5), for the prodution of 3 t h -1 of tuers, kg h -1 of, 17 kg h -1 of Mg nd 15 kg h -1 of S re required. For minor elements, only informtion for hs een reported, whih, ording to ker nd Pilem (7) nd Pérez et l. (), onsists of n estimtion of etween 1 nd 1.5 kg h -1. ritil nutritionl levels re those tht, ording to ertsh (199), re the extrtion vlue of nutrient, under whih nd ove whih the expeted response of plnts to fertiliztion is not generted. onsidering the ove, the present study ws developed, whih ws finned nd tehnilly supported y the P orportion, with the im of estlishing the nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) in order to determine the ritil nutritionl levels. This study ws developed simultneously with nother on the olomi vriety rried out y utist et l. (1) with the sme gol. Mterils nd methods Lotion This test ws rried out on the Enenillos frm, rrizl distrit, in the muniiplity of Grnd, in the deprtment of undinmr, with geogrphil oordintes 3 N nd 7 17 W, ltitude of,5 m.s.l., verge temperture of 13, verge nnul preipittion of 9 mm nd reltive humidity %. The present study did during the months of Otoer of 1 to Ferury of 11. The soils re Phi Melnudnds nd possess slopes etween 1 nd 5%, hrterized y lrge effetive depths, good dringe, fine textures, high Is, low sturtions of ses nd moderte fertility, with low ontents of lium, mgnesium nd potssium; phosphorus is high in the first horizon nd low in the inferior horizons. The fertility of these soils is low (IG, ). The hemil nlysis of the soil of this test is presented in T. 1. Vegettive mteril The present study used Solnum phurej vr. Glers rioll pottoes, developed y the Grupo de Investigión en Pp (Potto Reserh Group) of the Universidd Nionl de olomi, using lonl ross (S. phurej vr. olomi S. tuerosum vr. Prd pstus), dpted to ltitudes etween,5 nd 3, m.s.l., with n verge prodution potentil of 3 t h -1, exellent ulinry qulity, predominne of thik pottoes, vegettive period of 13 d, nd moderte resistne to Phytophthor infestns (Rodríguez et l., ). Experimentl design rndom omplete lok design ws used (D), with three repetitions nd repeted mesurements over time, with eh of the five fertilizer tretments desrie in T. ; the loks were orgnized on sloped sis. The size of the experimentl unit ws 3 m for totl of 5 m nd ultivtion density of 33, plnts/h. Four smplings were onduted in the ultivtion yle, whih orresponded to the phonologil stges: vegettive growth (5 dys TLE 1. hemil nlysis of soil in Grnd (olomi). O N K Mg N l EE E ph (%) (%) (mol kg -1 ) 5. 11. 1..15.3 1.5.9 1. 7.73 51.9 P S u Fe Mn Zn r L Texture (mg kg -1 ) (%).91 1.1.9 1.1. 1.7.5 5 F ph, soil:wter rtio (1:1); O, orgni ron (Wlkley-lk method); N, estimted from the O (employed ftor:.); exhngele, Mg, N, K: extrtion with mmoni ette 1N ph 7; l nd H hnge: extrtion with Kl 1M; E tion exhnge pity: displement of NH through n exhnge with Nl 1M; usle P: ry II method; Mn, Zn, Fe, u: extrtion with DTP; : extrtion with monosi phosphte (zometine-h). gron. olom. 3(1) 1
fter plnting, dp); flowering (77 dp); fruiting (1 dp) nd mturity nd senesene (113 dp). The fertiliztion ws rried out on the plnting dy in nd inorported in the sol. The soures of the fertilizers (13--, potssium sulfte, mgnesium oxide nd grimins whih ontins totl N of %, P O 5 5%, O 1%, MgO %, S totl 1.%, 1%, u.75%, Mo.5% nd Zn.5%) were pplied seprtely in order to rete n dequte ontrol of the fertilizer proportion for eh experimentl unit; for logistil resons, it ws not possile to vry the dose of, Mg or the minor elements in tretments PR nd PR - 5%. The employed gronomi mngement ws trditionl for the zone, without whih snittion prolems would hve een seen in the development yle. nlysis of vrine nd multivrite nlysis were used to proess the dt with Tukey men omprison tests t 95% onfidene. The sttisti softwre SS v9.3 ws used. Evluted vriles Dry mtter. Destrutive smpling ws rried out, tking three plnts per experimentl unit, whih were weighed oth for their eril prt (P) nd for their tuers nd roots (TR), with susequent drying in n oven t 7 until onstnt moisture. Nutrient uptke. Ten grms smples of dry mtter were tken oth from the P nd the TR, whih were utilized for the hemil nlysis ording to the methodology employed y the wter nd Soil Lortory of the Fulty of griulturl Sienes of the Universidd Nionl de olomi, ogot. Yield. During the hrvest, the tuers ws lssified ording to the following tegories: first (PT1, ø m), seond (PT, ø m), third (PT3, ø < m) nd totl (PTT), nd onversions were rried out to tons per hetre ssuming popultion of 33, plnts/h. TLE. Tretments of nutrient in rioll potto vr. Glers. Tretments N P O 5 K O O MgO S Fe Mn u Zn (kg h -1 ) Zero fertiliztion (ontrol) ontrol ommeril ()* 19 3 75 Proposed reommendtion + 5% (PR + 5%) 15 75 15 3 3..35.5 1. Proposed reommendtion** 1 5 1 3..3. 1. Proposed reommendtion - 5% (PR 5%) 5 5 5 3 1..5 1.15. * griulturl fertiliztion of the zone (1 kg h -1 of fertilizer 13--); ** Fertiliztion sed on the nlysis of the soil nd dose per element onsulted in the iliogrphy. Tle 3. umultion mens of dry mtter over time in rioll potto vr. Glers. eril prt weight Dry mtter (kg h -1 ) Tuers nd roots weight Totl dry weight Dys fter plnting Tretment ontrol 11 53 35 71 3 1 197 1,7 PR + 5% 13 13 1,75 PR 173 959 1,11 PR - 5% 19 5 717 1,33 ontrol 393 d 1,,73 1 7 5,73 7,1 PR + 5% 79 1957 3,79, PR 9 73 3,5,9 PR - 5% 75 91 d,73,55 ontrol 19 d 95 d,35 3,93,91 7,,1 PR + 5% 9,19,93 7,73 PR d 1,3,33,59 PR - 5% 71 1,51 d,99 5,99 Mens with different letters in the sme olumn indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). revitions see T.. Torres. nd Surez M.: Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels 1
Eonomi nlysis. with the osts, the otined prodution nd net revenue, the profitility for eh of the tretments ws lulted to determine the ritil level. Results nd disussion Dry mtter The dry mtter in the P (T. 3) in tretments, PR + 5%, nd PR + 5% displyed high inreses from 5 dp until 77 dp (T. 3), fter whih there ws deresing tendeny until 113 dp, while the TR umulted dry mteril from 5 dp until 113 dp in tretments nd PR + 5% (T. 3), presenting signifint differenes etween tretments over time. Sntos (1) found tht the 'Glers' ttins mximum umultion in the stem nd leves t 77 dp; fterwrds, the mximum umultion of dry mteril in the tuers is seen t 9 dp. utist et l. (1), in the 'rioll olomi' in simultneous study nd in the sme lotion, found response for the umultion nd distriution of dry mteril similr to the results of the present study. Nitrogen Figure 1 nd 1 show tht the P nd TR inresed nitrogen uptke strting t 5 dp, with mximum umultion for the P t 77 dp, notly so in tretments PR + 5% nd PR with 95.1 nd.3 kg h -1, respetively, whih presented signifint differenes from the other tretments; nd for the TR, the highest sorption ws seen t 113 dp in nd PR + 5%, whih presented signifint differenes from the other tretments. This grees with let et l. (5), who found higher nitrogen uptke in the P t dp, with susequent deline over time, nd, in the TR, the umultion progressed from 33 dp until 135 dp with mximum of 11 kg h -1, whih grees with Sntos nd Segur (5), who onfirmed tht the highest sorption in the P orrelted with the highest iomss prodution in the vegettive stge nd fterwrds in the reprodutive stge where the P onverts into tuer filler with this element. Phosphorus There were signifint differenes for phosphorus in the P (Fig. ) t 77 dp, with tretments PR + 5% nd with.9 nd. kg h -1, respetively, whih presented the higher uptkes. In the se of the TR (Fig. ), signifint differenes were seen in the first three smples, with nd PR + 5% presenting the higher mens over time with 5. nd 3. kg h -1, respetively t 9 dp. The totl uptke (Fig. ) presented signifint differenes in ll the smples, with 77 dp nd tretments nd PR + 5% hving the Nitrogen uptke (kg h -1 ) Nitrogen uptke (kg h -1 ) Nitrogen uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% Figure 1. Nitrogen uptke;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). d d DP higher umultions, oiniding with the stge of highest vegettive growth, root expnsion nd tueriztion initition (Villmil, 5). In the yield, similr ehvior ws seen, the highest uptke vlue ws seen in with 5. kg h -1 of P O 5 lose to the vlue seen y utist et l. (1) in the 'rioll olomi', kg h -1 of P O 5, onsidered low vlues in ontrst to the high pplied doses in soils with ndi properties, whih, in the present study, would explin prt of the response. nother hrteristi tht omplements this ehvior ws gron. olom. 3(1) 1
ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% 1 1 Phosphorus uptke ((kg h -1 ) Potssium uptke ((kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 d Phosphorus uptke ((kg h -1 ) Phosphorus uptke ((kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 DP Figure. sorption of phosphorus;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). reported y Ñústez et l. (), who indited tht diploid mterils ('Glers') present low requirement for phosphorus with respet to tetrploid rops. Potssium Potssium is the nutrient with the highest onentrtion in the plnts, presenting signifint differenes etween the tretments t 113 dp in the TR. Fig. 3 shows tht PR + 5% presented mximum umultion t 9 dp, Potssium uptke ((kg h -1 ) Potssium uptke ((kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 1 1 15 1 9 3 Figure 3. Potssium uptke;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). oiniding with mximum folir development; Fig. 3 shows progressive inrese for K in the different smpling periods nd in ll the tretments, with nd PR + 5% displying the higher umultions in eh period, espeilly PR + 5% t 113 dp. Fig. 3 lso presents progressive inrese for the smpling periods nd the tretments ut t lower level in nd PR + 5% t 113 dp due to the lower umultion vlue for the P, s result of high trnslotion towrds the TR, s evidened y Fig. 3 DP Torres. nd Surez M.: Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels 3
nd oiniding with reports from let et l. (5), who onfirmed tht K is sored t higher quntities thn N nd tht their uptke mehnisms nd trnslotion re similr, inresing the prodution nd moiliztion of sugrs nd strhes from the eril prt towrds the tuers. This onept is ollorted y the report of Villmil (5), who onfirmed tht the potto n ssimilte 9% of K to dry mteril when the plnt initites flowering or when the mximum folir re index hs een rehed, lter deresing the folige onentrtion. lium Figure shows tht most of the lium ws umulted in the P. umultion of this element ws seen in the P (Fig. ) until 77 dp. The tretments tht presented the higher umultions over time were nd PR + 5%, presenting signifint differenes etween eh other only t 77 dp. In the TR (Fig. ), the sored quntities inresed from 77 dp until 113 dp, with PR + 5% nd PR hving the higher umultions during this period with.1 nd.5 kg h -1, respetively, ut without signifint differenes. The highest lium uptke ws ompnied y low moility in the trnsport nd distriution of lium in the plnt euse follows the trnspirtive flow of wter, whih is higher in the lef veins, nd so its trnslotion to the orgns is slower, therey mintining low trnspirtive rtio for the fruits, young leves nd tuers. This rtio n reh level tht is 1 times higher in mture leves thn in other orgns (lrón, 5). Mgnesium Tretments PR + 5% nd presented the higher uptkes for mgnesium t 77 dp in the P (1. nd 13. kg h -1, respetively, Fig. 5) nd for totl (17.9 nd 17.5 kg h -1, respetively, Fig. 5), without signifint differenes etween them ut with signifint differenes with the other tretments. For the TR (Fig. 5), the uptke inresed until 113 dp, where PR + 5% nd hd the higher vlues ut with mens lower thn those of the P nd of the totl. No signifint differenes were seen etween them t the end of the yle. Similr dt ws reported y utist et l. (1), who found tht the ommeril nd the overdosge tretments hd the higher uptkes t 11 dp for the TR, while, for the P, these vlues were otined t 77 dp, this result is explined y the ft tht these tretments hd higher supplies of nitrogen nd its synergy with mgnesium fvored its dequte utiliztion y the plnts for the prodution of orgni ompounds (ieslik nd Sikor, 199). Mgnesium, eing prt of the hlorophyll moleule, is utilized y the plnts t ppreile quntities in the P lium uptke (kg h -1 ) lium uptke (kg h -1 ) lium uptke (kg h -1 ) 7 5 3 1 1 ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% e e d d Figure. lium uptke;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). for lter trnslotion in prtil form towrds the tuers (let et l., 5). Sulfur Tretments PR + 5% nd, with 11. nd 9.9 kg h -1, respetively, demonstrted the higher sorptions in the P t 77 dp (Fig. ), presenting signifint differenes from the other tretments. In the se of the TR nd totl (Fig. nd ), gin ws oserved strting t 5 dp until DP gron. olom. 3(1) 1
ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% Mgnesium uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 Sulfur uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 Mgnesium uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 Sulfur uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 Mgnesium uptke (kg h -1 ) 5 15 1 5 DP Figure 5. Mgnesium uptke;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). Sulfur uptke (kg h -1 ) 1 1 1 1 1 DP Figure. Sulfur uptke;, eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). 113 dp; the est mens, like in the P, were in nd PR + 5% whih presented signifint differenes in the mjority of the smples with the remining tretments. The dynmi of S uptke ws similr to tht of N due to ft tht it forms prt of the struture of the mjority of mino ids nd prtiiptes long with N in vegettive growth nd the susequent engorgement of the tuers (Monge, 191). opper, zin nd oron In the present study, the edphi offering of these nutrients supplied the requirements for growth nd development, espeilly with the uptke levels in tretment. The opper uptke (Fig. 7) ws onsidered low, not surpssing g h -1 for the plnt totl. The highest umultion in the P ws only seen 77 dp in nd PR + 5% (.1 Torres. nd Surez M.: Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels 5
ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% opper uptke (g h -1 ) 3 5 15 1 5 Zin uptke (g h -1 ) 5 3 1 opper uptke (g h -1 ) 5 3 1 d d Zin uptke (g h -1 ) 3 1 opper uptke (g h -1 ) 7 5 3 1 DP Zin uptke (g h -1 ) 7 5 3 1 d DP Figure 7. opper uptke., eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). nd 1.1 g h -1, respetively), whih presented signifint differenes with the other tretments; while, for the TR, the highest uptke ws seen t 133 dp ut without signifint differenes etween the tretments. ording to Guerrero (199), opper prtiiptes in photosynthesis nd the prodution of tnines, hs low moility in the plnts nd is trnsloted from the lef veins to other orgns, in the ultivtion of the potto, it is sored t higher proportion in the erly developmentl stges. Figure. Zin uptke., eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). In the P, zin (Fig. ) presented higher uptkes in tretments PR + 5% nd, s well in the TR for PR + 5%, ut the mens of this tretment nd of the others were elow the mens seen in the P; in regrds to the totl,, with 55.5 g h -1, hd the highest umultion, presenting signifint differenes with just ontrol. Pérez et l. () nd Mrshner (1995) indited tht Zn intervenes in the metolism of uxins nd its tivity is priniplly seen in the meristemti zone of young tissue; furthermore, levels gron. olom. 3(1) 1
of 3 kg h -1 stimulte the utiliztion of mgnesium whih tively prtiiptes in photosyntheti proesses. 5 ontrol PR +5% PR PR -5% In oron (Fig. 9 nd 9), the uptke inresed in the P nd the TR, without whih signifint differenes would e seen etween tretments in the developmentl period. In regrds to totl umultion, higher vlues were otined in tretments PR + 5%, PR - 5% nd PR with.1, 1.5 nd 9.5 g h -1, respetively, ttriutle to the supply of grimins, in ontrst with ontrol nd, whih did not reeive it. Pérez et l. () found inreses for folir tissue nd tuers with the pplition of 1.5 kg h -1 oron euse this element preipittes etter sorption of N,, nd K nd, together with these, prtiiptes in proesses of growth, ellulr division, metolism, nd protein nd rohydrte trnspirtion. Gómez (5) onfirmed tht nitrogen inreses in initil stges with the presene of oron nd tht potssium is relted to oron in proesses of rohydrte nd strh trnslotion, tuer omponents. Totl nutrient extrtion Tle shows tht tretment hd the highest nutrient extrtion nd the highest yield with 31. t h -1, followed y PR + 5% with.3 t h -1. In generl, the sequene of umultion of mronutrients, from highest to lowest, ws K>N>>P>Mg>S nd for mironutrients it ws Fe>Zn>>Mn>u. n evident response in the present study tht n e seen in T. is tht the higher the extrtion of mjor elements, the higher the extrtion of mironutrients, response onsistent with the views of Villmil (5). Yield In Fig. 1, one n oserve tht the tretments with the higher yields were nd PR + 5% with mens of 31, nd,37 kg h -1, respetively, without sttistilly signifint differenes etween eh other, ut with sttistilly signifint differenes etween nd the other tretments. For the different tuer-size tegories, it ws seen tht nd 3 did not present signifint differenes, while in 1, there were only signifint differenes etween (1,77 kg h -1 ) oron uptke (g h -1 ) oron uptke (g h -1 ) oron uptke (g h -1 ) 3 1 3 5 15 1 5 5 3 1 Figure 9. oron uptke., eril prt;, tuer nd root prt;, totl. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme dy fter plnting indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). DP Tle. Totl nutrient extrtion in the Glers vriety rioll potto t different fertilizer doses. Tretments N P 5 K O O MgO S u Fe Mn Zn (kg h -1 ) (g h -1 ) ontrol 9. 1. 115.7 1.1 7.1..5 5.3 19...5 1.1 5. 5. 5.9 1.9 1. 5. 119. 37. 51..9 PR + 5% 11. 3..5. 17.9 1..9 11. 5.9 55.5.1 PR.9 1.3 177. 31.7 11.7 1. 5.. 1.5 35. 9.5 PR - 5% 9. 17. 11.9 3.9 1. 11.9 39. 1131. 1. 39. 1.5 revitions see T.. Torres. nd Surez M.: Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels 7
, (- m ø) (- m ø) (> m ø) Totl men vlues of % for tegory 1 pottoes for the fertilized tretments nd % in the solute ontrol (without fertiliztion). Yield (kg h -1 ) 3,, 1, nd ontrol (5,59 kg h -1 ). The otined totl tuer yields onur with the prodution men of this ultivtion, 3 t h -1 (Rodríguez et l., ). The perentges per tegory (T. 5) show tht the tretments with fertilizers otined more thn 9% for tegory 1 pottoes, in omprison with % in tretment ontrol, whih, lthough lower thn the fertilized tretments, ws lose to suffiient, response tht one n ttriute to the geneti hrteristis of this vriety, where the predominne of thik pottoes is norml (Rodríguez et l., ); result tht ontrsts with tht found y utist et l. (1), who worked with the olomi vriety, reporting ontrol PR+5% PR PR-5% Figure 1. Prodution for tretments nd tegory the vriety Glers rioll potto. Error rs indite stndrt devition. Mens with different letters in the sme trtmient indite signifint differenes ording to Tukey test (P.5). revitions see T.. Tle 5. Prodution perentge y tegory for the different tretments. Tretment First tegory > m Ø Seond tegory - m Ø Third tegory < m Ø ontrol 9 51 7 PR + 5% 9 9 PR 5 PR - 5% 5 39 3 revitions see T.. Eonomi nlysis Tle demonstrtes tretment s the est lterntive for the studied zone with profitility of 15%, followed y tretments PR + 5% nd PR - 5%, whih presented 19 nd 93% profitility, respetively. onlusions nd reommendtions In the studied zone, the ritil nutritionl levels in the Glers vriety rioll potto were met y the ommeril ontrol, whih otined the highest prodution nd profitility. It is reommended tht this test e repeted in the sme lotion ut with different soures of fertilizer in order to orroorte the ritil level otined in the present study. Furthermore, it is neessry to rry out the sme test in other lotions in order to estlish the djustment of the nutrient extrtion of Glers vriety rioll pottoes. Detiled studies on minor element requirements re suggested for the Glers vriety rioll potto long with their inidene on prodution nd qulity of tuers euse, in the present study, there ws no evidene of n effet from their pplition on the studied vriles. Literture ited lrón,.l. 5. Dignóstio gríol. Esuel Téni Superior de Ingenierí gronómi. rtgen, Spin. ker, V. nd J. Pilem. 7. Hndook of plnt nutrition. Tylor nd Frnis Group. London. rrer, L. nd. Tmyo.. Mnejo integrdo del ultivo de l pp. orporión olomin de Investigión gropeuri (orpoi), Mosquer, olomi. utist, H.F., W.L. Rmírez, nd J. Torres. 1. Nutrient uptke of the diploid potto (Solnum phurej) vriety rioll olomi, s referene point to determine ritil nutritionl level. gron. olom. 3(3), 3-7. Tle. Profitility nlysis for the fertiliztion tretments with vriety Glers rioll potto rop in Grnd in olomin Pesos (OP). Tretment Yield (kg h -1 ) Gross revenue ($) Totl osts ($)* Net revenue ($)** Profitility (%) ontrol 1,5,,7 7,39, 1,31,7 19 31,,3,31,599, 13,35,31 15 PR + 5%,37 1,31,9,773, 9,5,3 19 PR 19,1 13,1,,3,317,95,97 PR - 5% 1, 1,995,379 7,75, 7,,779 93 * se prie without fertiliztion or lime: $7,,. ** Pries from the supply enter in ogot 7 $ kg -1 for smooth, thik pottoes nd $ kg -1 for smll pottoes. revitions see T.. gron. olom. 3(1) 1
ertsh, F. 199. L fertilidd de los suelos y su mnejo. entro de Investigiones gronómis, Universidd de ost Ri, Sn Jose. let, G., M. Sldis, nd. lvrdo. 5. sorión de nutrimentos en el ultivr de pp MNF-1. gron. ostrr. 9(3), 17-13. stro, H. 5. lne y prospetiv de l investigión en l fertilizión de pp en olomi. pp. 31-3. In: Memoris I Tller Nionl sore Suelos, Fisiologí y Nutriión Vegetl en el ultivo de l Pp. entro Virtul de Investigión de l den grolimentri de l Pp (evipp), ogot. ieslik, E. nd E. Sikor. 199. orreltion etween the levels of nitrtes nd nitrites nd the ontents of potssium, lium nd mgnesium in potto tuers. Food hem. 3(), 55-5. Fedepp, Federión olomin de Produtores de Pp. 9. Estdístis. In: http://www.fedepp.org.o; onsulted: Ferury, 1. Gómez, S. 5. Guí téni pr el mnejo nutriionl de los ultivos. Mirofertis, ogot. Guerrero, R. 199. Fertilizión del ultivo de l pp. pp. -7. In: Guerrero, R. (ed.). Fertilizión en ultivos de lim frío. Monómeros olomo Venezolnos, ogot. Guerrero, R. 199. L fertilizión on zufre pr el ultivo de l pp en olomi. pp. 9-3. In: Guerrero, R. (ed.). Fertilizión en ultivos de lim frío. nd ed. Monómeros olomo Venezolnos, ogot. IG, Instituto Geográfio gustín odzzi.. Estudio generl de suelos y zonifiión de tierrs del deprtmento de undinmr. ogot Mrshner, H. 1995. Minerl nutrition of higher plnts. demi Press, Sn Diego,. Monge, L. 191. ultivo de l pp. Universidd Esttl Distni (EUNED), Sn Jose. Ñústez,.E., M. Sntos, S.L. Nvi, nd J.M. otes.. Evluión de l fertilizión fosfóri folir y edáfi sore el rendimiento de l vriedd de pp Diol piro (Solnum tuerosuml.). gron. olom. (1), 111-11. Pérez, L., L. Rodríguez, nd M. Gómez.. Efeto del frionmiento de l fertilizión on N, P, K y Mg y l pliión de los mironutrientes, Mn y Zn en el rendimiento y lidd de pp rioll (Solnum phurej) vriedd rioll olomi. gron. olom. (3), 77-. Porrs, P. 5. Prolemáti generl del sistem produtivo de pp on énfsis en fisiologí y mnejo de suelos. pp. 1-. In: Fisiologí y nutriión vegetl en el ultivo de l pp. evipp, ogot. Rodríguez, L.E.,.E. Ñústez, nd S.L. Nvi.. Prues de evluión gronómi pr registro de nuevs vrieddes de pp rioll en l suregión Nudo de los Pstos, Nriño. Universidd Nionl de olomi; Fedepp; sohofruol, ogot. Rodríguez, L.E.,.E. Ñustez, nd N. Estrd. 9. rioll Ltin, rioll Pis y rioll olomi, nuevos ultivres de pp rioll pr el deprtmento de ntioqui (olomi). gron. olom. 7(3), 9-33. Rozo, Y.. Evluión del efeto de diferentes niveles de fósforo y potsio sore el rendimiento de pp rioll (Solnum phurej Juz. et uk) en dos loliddes de undinmr. Universidd Nionl de olomi, ogot. Sntos, M. nd M. Segur. 5. Evluión de vriles fisiológis y omponentes de rendimiento en utro vrieddes y dos lones vnzdos de pp (Solnum tuerosum L.) en el muniipio de Zipquirá (undinmr). Universidd Nionl de olomi, ogot. Sntos, M. 1. Evluión del reimiento, desrrollo y omponentes de rendimiento de utro ultivres de pp rioll en dos loliddes del deprtmento de undinmr. Universidd Nionl de olomi, ogot. Villmil, H.J. 5. Fisiologí de l nutriión de pp. pp. 17-5. In: Memoris I Tller Nionl sore Suelos, Fisiologí y Nutriión Vegetl en el ultivo de l Pp. evipp, ogot. Torres. nd Surez M.: Nutrient uptke of the rioll potto (Solnum phurej vr. Glers) for the determintion of ritil nutritionl levels 9