Sports Science Revision Pack Overview of the whole exam paper. Please use this as a tick list to follow.
Learning Outcome 1: Understand different factors which influence the risk of injury 2
Risk of Injury 3
Psychological factors and posture 4
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Why do we warm up? Recap Warm up? What are the stages of a warm up? 1 - Pulse Raiser raise the heart rate ready for activity Mobility Eg s Arm swings Dynamic Movements Change of speed and direction Skill rehearsal - 5v5 possession game, sending and receiving on the move. 10
Why do we stretch? Increase the range of movement around a joint. Identify and Describe. 11
Areas of Focus - Possible 8 mark questions Injury Description Symptoms Pelvic Tilt Misalignment of the pelvis Lower back pain Hamstring pain Lordosis Spine curves inwards at lower back Prominence of the buttocks Back pain Pain down the legs Kyphosis Outward curving of the spine in the upper back Back pain Tenderness of the spine Tiredness Round Shoulder Rounding of the shoulders caused by slouching Back pain between shoulder blades Shallow breathing due to compressed diaphragm Scoliosis Scoliosis is the abnormal curvature of the spine to the sides a visibly curved spine one shoulder or hip being more prominent than the other clothes not hanging properly a tendency to lean to one side 12
Say what you See 13
Say what you See Scoliosis Round Shouldered Lordosis Kyphosis 14
RACP Name the THREE 15
What sports? 16
Safety Checks 17
Why Risk Assess? What? Think about the harm that can be caused to people by identifying the hazards Who? To see/identify who might be potentially harmed Why? To decide what steps need to be taken to prevent harm or minimalizing risk 18
Acute Vs Chronic Acute injuries Caused as a result of sudden trauma to the body (e.g hard rugby tackle, being hit by the ball) Result in immediate pain, and usually swelling with a loss of function Chronic injuries Also known as overuse injuries and are a result of continuous stress in the area (e.g Achilles tendonitis, shin splints or tennis elbow) These injuries tend to develop gradually over time 19
A Z of injuries Acute or Chronic Achilles Tendon Injury ACL Injuries Ankle Injury Concussions Dislocated Shoulder Golfer's Elbow Groin Pull Hamstring Injuries Head Injury Muscle Strain Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repetitive Motion Injuries Rotator Cuff Tear Running Injuries Shin Splints Skier's Thumb Soreness After Exercise Tailbone Injuries Tendon Injuries Tennis Elbow 20
Soft Tissue Injuries Examples: Sprains and Strains Causes: Sprain - A sprain occurs when one or more of your ligaments have been stretched, twisted or torn, usually as a result of excessive force being applied to a joint. Strain - A strain occurs when the muscle fibres stretch or tear. They usually occur when the muscle has been stretched beyond its limits or it has been forced to contract (shorten) too quickly. Treatment: Sprains RICE Treatment Strains RICE Treatment initially and Heat packs once swelling has lessened 21
What can we do to help injuries? 22
Give examples when this would occur? 23
Name the Method? 24
Fractures Examples: Open fractures (bone pierces skin) or closed fractures (bone does not break the skin) Causes: Severe force on the bone from a fall or tackle or repeated stress on the bone Treatment: Immediate treatment will be to stop movement and support the affected area using splints or slings. Open fractures will need the wound covering with a clean dressing. Further treatment will involve putting the bones back into place and preventing them from moving until they heal through either casting or surgery. 25
What types of Fractures do you need to know? 26
Injuries Related to Children Osgood Schlatter s disease Causes: A condition that affects young athletes. Caused by the quadriceps muscles (at the front of the thigh) pulling on their attachment point at the top of the shin bone, just below the knee Treatment: Rest. Apply cold therapy treatment such as an ice pack, especially after exercise. Gently stretch the quadriceps muscles. Use a knee support or strap to reduce the pull on the bone and keep the tendon warm and flexible, as well as encouraging blood flow to the area 27
Osgood Schlatters 28
Injuries Related to Children Severs Disease Causes: Severs disease is pain in one or both heels when walking. The tendon at the back of the heel (Achilles tendon) pulls at the heel bone. The reason the tendon is tight is because your bones grow faster than your muscles. Treatment: The following will help to relieve the symptoms of severs disease; Rest, Ice, Elevation, Pain relief, Always wear shoes. 29
Anybody had growing pains? 30
Cramp Examples: leg cramp Causes: Caused when muscles over shorten, lactic acid builds up or muscle contractions Treatment: Stretching and massage 31
SALTAPS on field assessment routine SEE- watch the injury happen and evaluate ASK- Ask the performer what hurts etc LOOK Look for swelling/bleeding TOUCH Assess pain, swelling, reduced or altered skin sensation. ACTIVE Performer moves injured part, full movement will enable the performer to continue. Limited movement would mean the performer needs to stop participation PASSIVE Movement done by the medic STRENGTH Performing movement of the injured site whilst medic provides resistance 32
RICE Treatment REST avoid exercise and reduce your daily physical activity. Using crutches or a walking stick may help if you cannot put weight on your ankle or knee. ICE apply an ice pack to the affected area for 10 30 minutes. A bag of frozen peas, or similar, will work well. Wrap the ice pack in a towel to avoid it directly touching your skin and causing ice burn. COMPRESSION use elastic compression bandages to limit swelling. ELEVATION keep the injured leg, knee, arm, elbow or wrist raised above the level of the heart. This may also help to reduce swelling. (4) Marks Explained 33
Action Plans to Respond to Emergencies EAP Action Plans to Respond to Emergencies Emergency procedures in place to handle injuries in the sporting environment Emergency action Plans in a Sporting Context Emergency Personnel First Responders First Aider Coach Emergency Communication Telephone Emergency Numbers Emergency services Emergency Equipment First aid kits Evacuation Chair 34
Why EAP? 35
Know your Medical Conditions Asthma Symptoms: - What it will look like? Coughing Wheezing Shortness of breath Tightness in chest Response How you would react or treat the condition Reassure patient Provide inhaler Emergency services if symptoms persist or become worse 36
Diabetes a disease in which the body s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired Type 1(insulin dependent) The pancreas does not produce any insulin. Insulin injections required for life as well as regular exercise, a well-balanced diet and taking regular blood tests. Type 2(Non-insulin dependent) The body does not produce enough insulin or the body s cells do not re-act to it. This is known as insulin resistance. In some cases of type 2 diabetes, it may be possible to control your symptoms by altering your lifestyle, such as eating a healthy diet. However, as type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition, you may eventually need medication to keep your blood glucose at normal levels. Symptoms increased thirst going to the toilet lots extreme tiredness weight loss Response Re-assure patient Give insulin if required Give the individual sugar (e.g. fruit juice, sugary sweets) 37
So Type 1 Type 2-38
Why more common? 39
The Symptoms 40
Epilepsy - a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain Symptoms: Seizures Blurred vision Tingling sensations Unable to respond Change in smell Muscles become stiff Response Make safe and protect from further injury Medication Aid breathing by placing in recovery position after seizure Stay with person until recovery complete Emergency care plans in place for the individual 41
Psychological or Mental Benefits of a Warm up Why might these reduce the risk of injury? 42
Intrinsic Vs Extrinsic Sports injuries risk factors This website includes a variety of quizzes which test a learner s knowledge of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. http://quizlet.com/113998/sports-injuries-risk-factors-flash-cards/ 43
Common Sports Injuries This website gives an overview of sports injuries and where they occur, it also has information sheets to download on the most common sports injuries. http://www.progresshealth.co.uk/sports-injuries.shtml 44
Warm up Cool Down Warming up and cooling down This website looks at why warm ups are needed and gives options for different types of warm ups and cool downs. http://www.mydr.com.au/sports-fitness/warming-up-and-cooling-down-for-exercise 45
The Science bit concentrate The need to warm up This PowerPoint presentation gives a comprehensive overview of the need for a warm up and explains the importance of dynamic stretching. http://www.slideshare.net/thomsasussell/warm-up-and-coolwarm-down 46
Common Injuries Sports injuries prevention and treatment This resource includes an A Z of sports injuries, common injuries by sport and gives tips to manage treatment. http://sportsmedicine.about.com/od/paininjury1/u/injuries.htm 47
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