Community Meetings 2006

Community Meetings 2006 Health Status Report for South Boston April 12, 2006 Presented by the Boston Public Health Commission

Boston Neighborhoods Charlestown Allston- Brighton Back Bay Fenway Roxbury South End East Boston North End South Boston Jamaica Plain North Dorchester West Roxbury Roslindale Mattapan South Dorchester Hyde Park MAP PREPARATION: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

South Boston At a Glance: Key Population Characteristics Stable population: In 2000, the population of South Boston was 29,938, not that different from 29,433 in 1990. South Boston ranks in the lower ½ in population out of Boston s 16 neighborhoods. Age: Age distribution is similar to Boston as a whole Slightly higher population 65+ Slightly lower population between 0-17 years old Six BHA developments: 3 elderly and disabled; 3 family; TOTAL number of residents = 5,498 Almost 40% of the residents at these developments are Latino Elderly /Disabled: Foley, West 9 th St, Monsignor Powers (247 units ranging from efficiency up to 2 BR apts) Family: Mary Ellen McCormack, Old Colony, West Broadway, (2,568 units ranging from 1 BR up to 6 BR)

Key Population Characteristics, continued Lots of English Speakers: English is spoken at home by 83% of South Boston residents as compared to 67% for Boston overall. 5% of South Boston residents speak a language other than English at home: e.g., Russian, German, Polish, French, Italian, and other Indo-European languages. Spanish is the language spoken at home by 7%, and Chinese by 2% of South Boston residents. Increasing racial diversity: : Growing numbers of Black, Asian and Latino residents live in South Boston. Increasing ethnicity: : Europe 3% (including Ireland, UK, Italy, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, and other Eastern European countries); Asia 3% (including China, Southeast Asia); Caribbean 4% (including Dominican Republic and Haiti).

Racial and Ethnic Makeup South Boston and Boston 2000 Other Race 1% 2 or More Races 1% Asian 4% Black 2% Latino 7% Other Race 2% 2 or More Races 3% Asian 8% Black 23% White 49% South Boston White 85% Latino 14% BOSTON DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Population by Age Group South Boston and Boston 2000 45-64 years 20% 65+ years 13% 0-17 years 18% 18-24 years 9% 45-64 years 18% 65+ years 10% 0-17 years 20% 18-24 years 16% South Boston 25-44 years 40% 25-44 years 36% BOSTON DATA SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, American FactFinder, Census 2000 DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

3 Key Health Issues in Your Neighborhood and What You Can Do About Them Overweight & Obesity Cancer (Breast, Prostate, Lung) Substance Abuse

Overweight & Obesity

What Health Problems Does Overweight & Obesity Cause or Make Worse? Diabetes High blood pressure High cholesterol Heart disease/stroke Asthma Arthritis Certain cancers (especially breast, uterus, colon, esophagus)

Percentage of Respondents Determined to be Overweight or Obese Boston Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese by Race/Ethnicity, Boston, 1999, 2001, and 2003* 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 48% 22% 63% 56% 44% 0% Boston Asian Black Latino White *Boston samples only NOTE: The term obesity refers to all levels of excess weight combined. DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

100% Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese by Neighborhood, Boston, 1999, 2001, and 2003* Percentage of Respondents 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 48% BOSTON Allston/Brighton 37% 31% 45% 59% 31% 59% 41% 63% Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester 63% 57% 56% North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston 58% 58% 36% 45% South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Boston samples only **Insufficient sample DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office **

Percentage of Respondents Inadequate Physical Activity by Neighborhood Boston, 2001 and 2003* 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 36% 77% 69% 64% 63% 66% 61% 56% 56% 58% 55% 53% 48% 49% 47% BOSTON Allston/Brighton 37% Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Boston samples only **Insufficient sample NOTE: Inadequate physical activity means having no physical activity or less than 30 or more minutes, five or more times a week. DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office **

Inadequate Fruit and Vegetable Consumption* by Neighborhood, Boston, 2003 Percentage of Respondents 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 87% 77% 78% 75% 74% 71% 72% 72% 74% 72% 72% 69% 71% 64% 65% BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury West Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End *Less than recommended daily amount of five or more servings a day. **Insufficient sample DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office ** **

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Diabetes Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 54 25 17 19 18 20 46 40 36 30 26 25 23 19 15 23 13 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

Heart Disease Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 Deaths per 100,000 Population 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 BOSTON 203 167 90 Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown 215 215 201 209 226 197 East Boston Fenway Hyde Park 228 187 Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End 229 235 261 DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Roslindale Roxbury South Boston 185 147 172 South Dorchester South End West Roxbury

40% Adults Who Are Current Smokers by Neighborhood, Boston, 1999, 2001, 2003* Percentage of Respondents 30% 20% 10% 0% 24% 21% BOSTON Allston/Brighton 20% 20% 23% 20% 23% 19% 17% 14% Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester 15% North End Roslindale Roxbury 29% 26% 20% 21% 19% ** South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Boston samples only **Insufficient sample DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

What Can You Do to Reduce the Risk of Becoming Overweight or Obese? Focus on eating healthy foods Avoid sugary sodas, snack foods Reduce portion sizes and eat smaller, more frequent meals Try to exercise daily Talk to your primary care doctor Boston Steps Program: Old Colony Tenants Association: South Boston Steppers Boston Harbor Association ABCD, Inc.: South Boston Head Start

BREAST CANCER

What Increases the Chances of Getting Breast Cancer? Age (chance increases with age) Excessive alcohol intake Family history Postmenopausal hormone use Physical inactivity Obesity Environmental factors

Ever Had a Mammogram* by Race/Ethnicity Boston, 1999, 2001, and 2003** 100% 93% 95% 93% 90% Percentage of Respondents 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Boston Black Latino White *Women Ages 40 and over **Boston samples only DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Breast Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 50 40 30 20 43 39 39 40 38 35 36 34 31 29 27 27 23 22 19 21 10 n<5 0 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

What Can You Do to Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer? Get regular mammograms Avoid excessive intake of alcohol Maintain a normal weight with exercise and a diet low in fat and high in fruits and vegetables Increase physical activity Join community efforts like REACH 2010 Breast and Cervical Cancer Coalition to promote health & combat cancer

Pink and Black Campaign

PROSTATE CANCER

What Increases the Chances of Getting Prostate Cancer? Age (chance increases with age, especially after age 50) Race Family history Diet rich in animal fat, meat, and high-fat dairy products Physical inactivity

Ever Had PSA Test for Prostate Cancer* by Race/Ethnicity, Boston, 1999, 2001, and 2003** 100% Percentage of Respondents 80% 60% 40% 20% 60% 65% 77% 0% Boston Black White *Ages 40 and over for Black men and ages 50 and over for White men **Boston samples only DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Prostate Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 100 80 80 60 40 20 58 46 43 41 46 33 33 35 32 29 25 21 17 18 n<5 n<5 0 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

What Can You Do to Reduce the Risk of Prostate Cancer? Get regular check-ups with your doctor/provider Discuss when it is best to obtain the PSA screening test Join community efforts to promote health & combat cancer

LUNG CANCER

What Increases the Chances of Getting Lung Cancer? Smoking (over 85% of lung cancers are caused by smoking) Second-hand tobacco smoke Asbestos Radon Other cancer-causing causing agents

40% Adults Who Are Current Smokers by Neighborhood, Boston, 1999, 2001, 2003* Percentage of Respondents 30% 20% 10% 0% 24% 21% BOSTON Allston/Brighton 20% 20% 23% 20% 23% 19% 17% 14% Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester 15% North End Roslindale Roxbury 29% 26% 20% 21% 19% ** South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Boston samples only **Insufficient sample DATA SOURCE: Behavioral Risk Factor Survey, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Boston Public Health Commission DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lung Cancer Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 104 84 84 59 70 51 41 41 38 32 58 52 43 52 60 43 62 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

What Can You Do to Prevent Lung Cancer? Don t smoke If you do smoke, try to quit Eliminate second hand smoke

BPHC Health Initiatives Cancer program Screening and education about cancer Steps to a Healthy Boston Walking groups, smoking cessation Smoke-Out Campaign Substance Abuse Services Treatment for alcohol or substance abuse Health Connection Van Screening for skin and prostate cancer, education about all forms of cancer Mammography Van Screening for breast cancer

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions by Year: Boston, 1996-2004 Number of Treatment Admissions 24,000 18,000 12,000 6,000 21,113 21,868 18,765 20,004 18,413 19,126 21,150 20,304 16,532 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 NOTES: An individual client may be admitted to more than one program or treatment session. Data shown are for fiscal years July 1996 through June 2004. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Gaps in access to Boston detoxification centers & follow up care Hundreds of people turned away weekly Only 140 community-based beds available; including hospital- based beds, Boston now has 189 left of the original 311 beds. According to a BPHC survey of detox centers, we estimate 250 people a week are unable to find a bed Uninsured individuals face extra challenges 78% of failed attempts to access detox centers were by the uninsured Of the 140 community-based beds, only about 38 are available for the uninsured Emergency room visits related to substance abuse have increased in last 3 years People unable to go to community detox end up in ERs which are $2,400 more expensive than hospital inpatient care for a 3 day stay

Substance Abuse Mortality by Race/Ethnicity and Year: Age Adjusted Rates, Boston, 1999-2003 Deaths per 100,000 Population 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Black 18.4 18.7 19.9 17.5 25.2 Latino 7.8 4.4 17.1 13.0 22.6 White 23.3 29.2 29.2 29.1 32.9 BOSTON 17.6 20.4 22.9 21.5 26.3 NOTES: The rates for years prior to 2003 have been updated and may differ from those reported in previous publications. These data do not include persons of Asian, Other, or Unknown race/ethnicity except in the Boston overall count and rate. There were too few substance abuse deaths among Asians during each year of 1999-2003 to permit the separate presentation of rates. DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions by Type of Drug Use, South Boston and Boston, 2004 Alcohol 25% Cocaine, Crack 4% Heroin,Other Opiates 50% Alcohol 36% Heroin, Other Opiates 67% Marijuana and Other 2% Marijuana and Other 6% Cocaine, Crack 8% South Boston BOSTON NOTES: An individual client may be admitted to more than one program or treatment session. Data shown are for fiscal year July 2003 through June 30, 2004. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Heroin and Other Opiate Treatment Admissions by Age Group, South Boston and Boston, 2004 Ages 30+ 39% Ages <30 33% Ages <30 61% Ages 30+ 67% South Boston n=685 BOSTON n=8,389 NOTES: An individual client may be admitted to more than one program or treatment session. Data shown are for fiscal year July 2003 through June 2004. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management.Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Percentage of Total Admissions Percentage of Heroin and Other Opiates Treatment Admissions Under Age 30 by Sex and Year: South Boston, 1996-2004 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 South Boston 36% 36% 44% 54% 54% 51% 57% 56% 61% Male 32% 32% 44% 51% 51% 48% 52% 52% 57% Female 42% 44% 46% 63% 63% 58% 71% 65% 69% NOTES: An individual client may be admitted to more than one program or treatment session. Data shown are for fiscal years July 1996 through June 2004. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

Percentage of Total Admissions Percentage of Heroin Treatment Admissions With Past Year Injection Drug (Needle) Use by Age Group and Year: South Boston and Boston, 1996-2004 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 S Bos Under 30 78% 66% 68% 83% 77% 80% 74% 86% 88% Bos Under 30 52% 58% 59% 65% 65% 64% 69% 79% 80% S Bos Ages 30+ 74% 75% 71% 76% 74% 74% 71% 71% 79% Bos Ages 30+ 65% 66% 62% 60% 60% 54% 63% 70% 69% NOTES: An individual client may be admitted to more than one program or treatment session. Data shown are for fiscal years July 1996 through June 2004. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Substance Abuse Services, Substance Abuse Management Information System (SAMIS) DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Substance Abuse Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 45 51 37 29 31 27 28 24 20 21 21 12 15 16 14 14 10 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

HIV/AIDS Cases by Neighborhood: Percentage Distribution, Boston, as of January 1, 2006 20% Percentage of Reported Cases 16% 12% 8% 4% 0% 4% Allston/Brighton 10% 1% 3% Back Bay* Charlestown East Boston 8% 3% 7% 5% Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester 11% 2% 10% 2% Roslindale Roxbury South Boston 12% 16% 1% South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Includes the North End NOTES: Data shown in chart do not include those who are homeless or persons whose neighborhood of residence is unknown. Also excluded are inmates of Boston correctional facilities. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 HIV/AIDS Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 27 25 26 17 15 12 13 13 10 10 7 7 6 6 n<5 n<5 n<5 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

Hepatitis Types A and C Cases by Neighborhood: Incidence Rates, Boston, 2004 Rates of Hepatitis A Allston/Brighton 7 99 Back Bay* n<5 60 Charlestown 40 125 East Boston 47 167 Fenway n<5 121 Hyde Park n<5 116 Jamaica Plain n<5 149 Mattapan n<5 238 North Dorchester 10 238 South Dorchester 13 117 Roslindale n<5 97 Roxbury 10 250 South Boston 80 354 South End n<5 158 West Roxbury n<5 65 BOSTON 22 219 Rates of Hepatitis C *Includes the North End NOTE: The rates shown are new cases per 100,000 population. DATA SOURCE: Communicable Disease Database, Boston Public Health Commission, Communicable Disease Control Division DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office, Communicable Disease Control Division

What Can Be Done About Substance Abuse? Prevention: NO Drugs Coalition Treatment: accessible through Substance Abuse Services Central Intake Advocate for increased state funding for substance abuse treatment programs

The Disparities Project 6 hospitals and 2 CHCs have been funded to collect race, ethnicity, language and educational info on its patients using a framework developed by the BPHC s Hospital Working Group HOSPITALS: BIDMC BMC BWH Caritas Carney Children s Hospital MGH HEALTH CENTERS: South Cove CHC Uphams Corner Health Center

Questions? Comments?

Additional slides for Asthma HIV/AIDS

ASTHMA

Asthma Hospitalizations Among Children Under Age 5 by Neighborhood, Boston, 2000-2004 2004 Hospitalizations per 1,000 Population 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 BOSTON Allston/Brighton 14 13 11 11 10 9 9 8 8 7 4 3 Back Bay* Charlestown 3 5 5 East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End *Includes the North End DATA SOURCE: Acute Care Hospital Case Mix files, Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance and Policy DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office West Roxbury 4

What Can Be Done About Asthma? Don t smoke and avoid exposure to smoke Eliminate pests Remove rugs, if possible. If not, use a special dust-removing vacuum Cover mattresses Consider whether pets might be making asthma worse Get regular and consistent medical care and try not to run out of medications BPHC Asthma Program - Healthy Homes Initiative

HIV/AIDS

40 HIV Incidence Rates by Year Boston, 1999-2004 New Cases per 100,000 Population 30 20 28 29 28 31 28 29 10 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 NOTE: These data do not include people with AIDS or inmates of correctional facilities in Boston DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

80 AIDS Incidence Rates by Year Boston, 1995-2004 New Cases per 100,000 Population 60 40 20 68 54 41 50 36 35 29 31 28 24 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 NOTE: Inmates of correctional facilities in Boston are not included in these data. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

HIV Cases by Race/Ethnicity: Percentage Distribution, Boston, as of January 1, 2006 50% 46% Percentage of Reported Cases 40% 30% 20% 10% 35% 16% 0% 2% Asian Black Latino White NOTES: The data shown do not include persons of Other or Unknown race/ethnicity. Also excluded are those with HIV who have subsequently progressed to AIDS or inmates of Boston correctional facilities. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

HIV/AIDS Cases by Neighborhood: Percentage Distribution, Boston, as of January 1, 2006 20% Percentage of Reported Cases 16% 12% 8% 4% 0% 4% 10% Allston/Brighton Back Bay* 1% 3% 8% Charlestown East Boston Fenway 3% 7% 5% Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester 11% 2% 10% 2% Roslindale Roxbury South Boston 12% 16% 1% South Dorchester South End West Roxbury *Includes the North End NOTES: Data shown in chart do not include those who are homeless or persons whose neighborhood of residence is unknown. Also excluded are inmates of Boston correctional facilities. DATA SOURCE: Massachusetts Department of Public Health HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office

HIV/AIDS Mortality: Age-Adjusted Adjusted Rates by Neighborhood, Boston, 2001-2003 2003 30 25 27 25 26 20 15 10 5 17 15 12 13 13 10 10 7 7 6 6 0 n<5 n<5 n<5 BOSTON Allston/Brighton Back Bay Charlestown East Boston Fenway Hyde Park Jamaica Plain Mattapan North Dorchester North End Roslindale Roxbury South Boston South Dorchester South End West Roxbury DATA SOURCE: Boston resident deaths, Massachusetts Department of Public Health DATA ANALYSIS: Boston Public Health Commission Research Office Deaths per 100,000 Population

What Can Be Done To Prevent HIV/AIDS? Before having sex, educate yourself If you do have sex, do it safely: Talk with your partner and know their sexual history Use a latex condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex Never reuse condoms Don t share needles and syringes used for injecting drugs or for body piercing or tattooing Talk to your health care provider about the risk of HIV infection and whether you should be tested