What you need to know to: Keep Yourself SAFE!

What you need to know to: Keep Yourself SAFE!

What are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? How are they spread? What are the different types of STDs? How do I protect myself?

STDs are infections or diseases that you get from sexual contact with an infected person. Oral sex Vaginal sex Anal sex

The Center for Disease Control estimates 19 Million new STD cases every year. Almost half of those cases are youth between the ages of 15-24. That is 1 in every 4 Americans.

Bacterial Chlamydia * Gonorrhea * Syphilis * Viral HIV * Hepatitis * Herpes Genital Warts/ HPV * These represent the reportable STDs in the state of NM

This group of STDs are caused by a bacteria that is spread from person to person by sexual contact. They do have a cure. Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis

Signs and Symptoms Clear penile/vaginal discharge Pain with urination Pain with ejaculation Abdominal pain Testicular pain 75% of women and 50% of men with Chlamydia will have no symptoms at all. This STD is the most prevalent in New Mexico.

Vagina Cervix Urinary Tract (Bladder/Kidneys) Penis Throat Eye Rectum In 2012, there were 12,136 chlamydia infections reported to the state of NM! 13% of women 25 and under tested at Dept. of Health sites were positive for chlamydia in 2012! 63% of those infected were ages 15-24

Chlamydia in pregnancy can cause premature delivery or miscarriage. A pregnant woman may give Chlamydia to her baby during delivery. This can cause: Eye infection Pneumonia Testing and treatment, if necessary, during pregnancy is very important.

Signs and Symptoms Yellowish-white discharge from site Pain with urination Pain with ejaculation Abdominal pain Testicular pain Most women with gonorrhea have no symptoms!

Vagina Cervix Urinary Tract (Bladder/Kidneys) Penis Throat Eye Rectum A urine test or genital swab may miss infections in other sites! 1,854 cases reported in 2012 50% ages 15-24 Antibiotic resistant gonorrhea is on the horizon

A pregnant woman may give gonorrhea to her baby during delivery. This can cause: Blindness Joint infection Life-threatening blood infection in the baby Testing and treatment, if necessary, during pregnancy is very important.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - Women Abdominal pain that may never go away Infertility Even death Epididymitis- Men Painful swelling of the testicles Infertility Even death

Curable yet deadly if not treated Transmitted through contact with Syphilis sore to: Genitals Mouth Anus 3 Stages of Syphilis Infection

10-90 days after infection symptoms may appear Single, painless sore appears at the site of sexual contact Goes away by itself if not treated, but the infection continues Infectious at this stage Chancre

6-12 weeks after infection Rash, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat Still very infectious

Symptoms disappear, but bacteria may still damage the heart, or cause paralysis, dementia, or even death Not infectious except in primary or secondary stage

Relative Risk for STDs by Age Group - 2010 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 Chlamydia Gonorrhea Syphilis 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-54 55-64

Among 2012 cases, MSM accounted for: 78% of syphilis cases 19% of gonorrhea cases 2% of Chlamydia cases 57% of HIV/AIDS cases MSM are at higher risk for many STDs than others.

It is easy to get infected again after treatment No immunity If partner(s) are not treated, reinfection is very likely New exposures can result in new infections.

HIV and AIDS Hepatitis Genital Herpes HPV/Genital Warts

H: only affects humans I: Attacks the immune system V: Attaches to a cell and replicates May develop into AIDS Treatment can suppress viral loads and reduce transmission by 96% People in treatment can live full lives

Spread through body fluids Blood Semen Rectal/ Vaginal secretions Saliva Breast milk Transmitted by: Sex Sharing Needles (for drugs or tattoos) From mother to fetus/ newborn Blood to blood

3,447 New Mexico residents were living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2011 151 New Mexico residents were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS each year, on average, from 2007 to 2011 in 2011 84% were men; 57% were MSM 1 in 5 HIV positive people are unaware they are infected 33.4 Million people are infected around the globe 25 Million people have died of AIDS since 1981 Ryan White

A group of viruses that cause inflammation of the liver Liver: Organ that aids in digestion and waste removal. Vital for human life.

Both are vaccine preventable Hepatitis A Fecal Oral transmission Causes acute illness, not chronic Once you get it, you are immune Hepatitis B In Blood and other body fluids. Sexually transmitted. Causes chronic disease in 90% of infants; 30% of children and 2% to 6% of adults Series of 3 vaccinations gives 90% immunity

No vaccine to protect against Hep C Transmitted through blood; Low risk for sexual transmission Can live outside the body (i.e. on a used hypodermic needle) for up to 14 days Can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer

Treatment with interferon and ribavirin for 6-18 months At least 50% are cured and rates are improving with newer medications Good nutrition, exercise, avoiding alcohol and drugs, stress management, and peer support are important for those living with Hepatitis C

Causes painful sores on genitals Transmitted by skin to skin contact Lifelong disease May be spread even when not having an outbreak Treated with anti-viral medications: Acyclovir Many carry the virus but have no signs or symptoms

Transmitted from skin to skin contact Extremely common most people won t know it and most cases will clear up by themselves Some genotypes cause Genital Warts Other types cause Cervical Cancer Other cancers include vulva, vagina, penis, anus, & oropharynx Vaccine is strongly recommended for 11-12 year olds

ABC s of HIV/STD Prevention A for Abstinence; this is the safest. B for Be faithful C for use a Condom - use effective Contraception correctly and consistently with every act of sex

Unroll the condom all the way down to base of penis 1. Pinch the tip of condom and apply lube

4. When finished carefully unroll condom before losing erection and dispose of properly. 3. Apply lube to outer condom

Check expiration dates prior to getting started Store condoms in a climate controlled place Don t keep them in your car or your wallet Wear it any time there is penetration of any kind Put it on before contact and throw it away right after ejaculation.

Ask your partner if he or she has an STD. Ask partners to be tested before sexual activity. Abstinence is the only 100% method!

New Mexico STD Program 505-476-1778 http://www.health.state.nm.us/idb/std_prevention.shtml