Practical Ambulatory Anesthesia

Practical Ambulatory Anesthesia

Practical Ambulatory Anesthesia Edited by Johan Raeder, MD, PhD Director of Ambulatory Anesthesia, Oslo University Hospital Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Oslo, Norway Richard D. Urman, MD, MBA, CPE Director of Anesthesia Services Ambulatory Care Center (Chestnut Hill) Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. Information on this title: /9781107065345 Cambridge University Press 2015 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2015 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd. Padstow Cornwall A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Practical ambulatory anesthesia / edited by Johan Raeder, MD, PhD, Director of Ambulatory Anesthesia, Oslo University Hospital and Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Oslo, Norway Richard D. Urman, MD, MBA, CPE, Director of Anesthesia Services Ambulatory Care Center (Chestnut Hill), Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. pages cm ISBN 978-1-107-06534-5 (hardback) 1. Anesthesia. 2. Ambulatory surgery. I. Raeder, Johan. II. Urman, Richard D. RD82.P73 2015 617.9 6 dc23 2015021118 ISBN 978-1-107-06534-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.... Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use.

Contents List of contributors Preface ix vi 1 Introduction to ambulatory surgery and anesthesia 1 Sherine Hanna, Neal A. Mehta, and Johan Raeder 2 Organization of ambulatory surgery and anesthesia 6 Audrice Francois and Johan Raeder 3 Patient and procedure selection 18 Jennifer M. Banayan, Johan Raeder, and Bobbie-Jean Sweitzer 4 Pharmacology 35 Claude Abdallah, Richard D. Urman, and Johan Raeder 5 Anesthetic techniques 53 Niraja Rajan, Richard D. Urman, and Johan Raeder 6 Regional anesthesia for ambulatory surgery 61 Ramprasad Sripada, Shuchita Garg, and Johan Raeder 7 Multimodal management of pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in ambulatory surgery 79 Dawn Schell and Jaspreet Somal 8 Practical recipes from start (preop) to finish (post-discharge) 93 Niraja Rajan, Srikantha Rao, and Johan Raeder 9 Postoperative care 114 Sekar S. Bhavani 10 Anesthetic techniques for subspecialty surgery 131 Niraja Rajan, Srikantha Rao, and Johan Raeder 11 Pediatric anesthesia 141 Fatima Ahmad 12 Aesthetic surgery 146 Fatima Ahmad 13 Anesthesia for gastrointestinal endoscopy 154 John E. Tetzlaff and Walter G. Maurer 14 Management of emergencies in ambulatory setting 161 Fatima Ahmad 15 Office-based anesthesia 168 Johann Patlak, Fred E. Shapiro, and Richard D. Urman 16 Controversies in ambulatory anesthesia 173 Steven Butz 17 Current and future trends in ambulatory anesthesia 184 Steven Butz Index 191 v

Contributors Claude Abdallah, MD, MSc Pediatric Anesthesiologist, Children s National, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA Fatima Ahmad, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Director of Loyola Ambulatory Surgery Centre at Oakbrook Terrace, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA Jennifer M. Banayan, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Sekar S. Bhavani, MD Institute of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Steven Butz, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical Director, Children s Hospital of Wisconsin Surgicenter, Milwaukee, WI, USA Audrice Francois, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA Shuchita Garg, MD Resident Physician, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Sherine Hanna, MD Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA VA Hines Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA Walter G. Maurer, MD Section Chief, Ambulatory Anesthesia, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Neal A. Mehta, MD Resident Housestaff, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA VA Hines Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA Johann Patlak, MD University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA Johan Raeder, MD, PhD Director of Ambulatory Anesthesia, Oslo University Hospital and Professor of Anesthesiology, University of Oslo, Norway Niraja Rajan, MBBS Medical Director of Hershey Outpatient Surgery Center, Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA Srikantha Rao, MD, MS Associate Professor of Anesthesiology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA Dawn Schell, MD Department of General Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Fred E. Shapiro, DO Assistant Professor of Anesthesia, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA Jaspreet Somal, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA vi

List of contributors Ramprasad Sripada, MD, MMM, CPE Clinical Associate Professor, Medical Director of Acute Pain Service, Director of Regional Anesthesia Fellowship Program, Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Bobbie-Jean Sweitzer, MD Professor of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Professor of Medicine, Director of Anesthesia Perioperative Medicine Clinic, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA John E. Tetzlaff, MD Professor of Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA Richard D. Urman, MD Director of Anesthesia Services Ambulatory Care Center (Chestnut Hill) and Associate Professor of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA vii

Preface Our goal with this book is to provide an up-to-date, practical guide for the practitioners of ambulatory anesthesia. Ambulatory anesthesia incorporates most anesthetic topics and knowledge, but the focus is shifted somewhat from looking solely at what happens in the operating room to encompassing the complete perioperative period. Although safety and quality in the operating room remain major goals, the ambulatory anesthesia provider should also plan to optimize the postoperative period. Our book includes a discussion of regional anesthesia techniques, anesthesia for subspecialty surgery, and multimodal approaches to pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting. We also included a chapter on practical anesthesia recipes to suggest different anesthetic options for commonly performed cases. This is not an exhaustive textbook, but rather a selection of topics that we think are important in this context for the anesthesia provider. The book is partly built on ideas from Raeder, J., Clinical Ambulatory Anaesthesia (Cambridge University Press, 2010), but we have expanded and updated it to reflect current US practice. We have also incorporated brief discussions on important aspects of organization, unit setup, and quality assurance, as the anesthesia provider often will be the perioperative physician involved throughout the patient s treatment, from start to finish. With this book, we hope to bring forward some issues related to, and evidence for, the pragmatic and evidence-based practice of ambulatory anesthesia. However, it is important to realize that in many cases, there is no firm evidence regarding different aspects of the case. As anesthesia providers must make decisions under these circumstances, we have tried to guide you based on many years of clinical practice in most kinds of ambulatory and officebased practice. We have also tried to incorporate knowledge from our own clinical research as well as the research and teaching by many of our colleagues working in the international ambulatory anesthesia scene. We wish to express our gratitude to everyone who has worked with us over the years, for all their unceasing inspiration and good ideas. We also would like to thank our chapter contributors who are recognized experts in the field of ambulatory anesthesia. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge our colleagues, families and Cambridge University Press for their encouragement and support. Johan Raeder Oslo, Norway Richard D. Urman Boston, Massachusetts, USA ix