Women Entrepreneurs On Beauty Parlour Business In Karaikudi Thangam Alagarsamy, Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Alagappa University, Karaikudi Dr.S.Ganapathy, Professor, Department of Commerce, Alagappa University, Karaikudi Abstract Women entrepreneurs, embrace approximately 1/3 of all entrepreneurs worldwide. Before the 20th century, women operated businesses as a method of supplementing income. In many cases, they were trying to avoid poverty or were replacing the income from the loss of a partner. At the time, the ventures that these women undertook were not thought of as entrepreneurial. The women entrepreneurs on beauty parlour business are one of the flourishing businesses in karaikudi, the district in sivaganga. This study aims at measuring the problems faced by the women entrepreneurs on beauty parlour business in karaikudi. The majority of women entrepreneurs are facing many problems such as personal and family problems, financial problems, marketing problems and other problems. This study included in depth interview schedule of women beauticians. In this sample size of 80 women beauticians. This paper makes an attempt to find out the problems of women entrepreneurs in beauty parlour business Keywords: Women Entrepreneurs, Personal and Family Problems, Financial Problems, Marketing Problems. Introduction Entrepreneurs are the real heroes of economic life. They are the ones who have shown that genius is sweat, toil and sacrifice, that natural resources gain value only by the ingenuity for life and labour of man. From their knowledge of failure, they forge triumph. In accepting risk, they achieve security for all. In embracing change, they ensure social and economic stability. Etymologically, the term entrepreneur has been derived from the French word Entreprendre which connotes Undertaker. The dictionary meaning says that an entrepreneur is an organizer of an economic venture, mainly, one who organizes, owns, manages and assumes the risks involved of a business. Women entering the field of business face numerous hurdles and tangible obstacles. They have to overcome the struggles and frustrations and handicaps to emerge as entrepreneurs and to achieve win in business. When it comes to competition, women have to fight on the same footing as men. AREA OF KARAIKUDI Karaikudi is a city and municipality in Sivagangai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu it contains 64 revenue villages. It is part of the area commonly referred to as "Chettinad". Karaikudi is declared a heritage town by the Government of Tamil Nadu, on account of the palatial houses built with limestone called Karai veedu the town derives its name from thorny plant Karai referred in ancient literature as Kareekudi, which in modern times became Karaikudi. The city is believed to have been formed during the 1800s and the oldest structure in the town is the Koppudaiya Nayagi Amman Temple. Post independence, the town registered significant growth in the industrial sector. The area of municipality is about 13.75 km 2, is located at 10.07 N 78.78 E. It has an average elevation of 82 metres (269 ft). The topography of Karaikudi is predominantly flat. Rocky areas are found in the nearby areas of Karaikudi town and intensity of rocks is more towards western side of the town. The soil is hard red lateritic type and is not suitable for cultivation. Review Of Literature S.K. Dhameja (2004) in his book, women Entrepreneurs Opportunities, Performance and Problems, analysed entrepreneurial performance and problems of women in business in the states of Punjab and Hariyana. R. Ganesan, Dilbagh Kaur and R.C. Maheswari (2002) in their article, Women Entrepreneurs: Problems and Prospects, identified the areas of concern for women in business and the kind of entrepreneurial training that would be ideal for women entrepreneurs. Vinze (1987) in her book, Women entrepreneurs in India, viewed that management knowledge was needed for starting and running an entrepreneurial venture by women. Objective To reveal the problem faced by women entrepreneurs of beauty parlour business in Karaikudi. Methodology For the purpose of the study primary data were collected from selected women entrepreneurs in beauty parlour business in karaikudi of Sivagangai district. They required data is collected through an interview schedule. www.borjournals.com Open Access Journals Blue Ocean Research Journals 316
Hypotheses a) There is no significant difference among the problems faced by the women entrepreneurs in beauty parlour business. b) There is no significant relationship between age of the respondents and personal & family problems. c) There is no significant relationship between monthly income of the respondents and financial problems. Tools Of The Analysis The collected data was properly tabulated and analyzed. The relevant statistical tools used for present study such as: a) Friedman Test b) Chi-Square Test c) One way ANOVA Problems Faced On Beauty Parlour Business The problem is one of the important factors of the any entrepreneurs. The problems are classified in to four categories there are personal and family problems, financial problems, marketing problems and last problem is other problems. These problems are faced by the women entrepreneurs on beauty parlour business. The researcher has used Friedman Test. The researcher has framed the following hypothesis to measure the problems faced by women entrepreneurs on beauty parlour business. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference among the problems faced by the women entrepreneurs in beauty parlour business. TABLE 1 PROBLEMS FACED ON BEAUTY PARLOUR BUSINESS Particular Mean Std. Deviation Personal and Family Problem 2.73 1.031 2.73 Financial Problem 2.04 0.999 2.04 Marketing Problem 2.16 1.012 2.16 Other Problem (Social & Family Obstacles) 3.08 1.123 3.08 Mean Rank Chi - Square Value P Value 94.882 0.000 Table 1 shows that mean rank of variables as other problems (Social & family obstacles) (3.08), Personal and family Problem (2.73), Marketing problem (2.16), Financial problem (2.04), Women entrepreneurs face different problems in beauty parlour business and such reasons significantly differed. Accordingly the mean ranks variables social and family obstacles are highly influence the women entrepreneurs into trouble. P value is less than 0.01 the null hypothesis is rejected at one percent significance level hence it is concluded that there is a significant relationship between mean ranks of the variables. Personal & Family Problems with Age Group of the Respondents Age is one of the demographic factors of the respondents. The age factor is determining all problems in beauty parlour business. Age is classified into 4 categories viz., below 20, 20 to 30, and 30 to 40 and above 40. Personal and family problems are classified such as lack of support from family, child care/house work, health issue, lack of motivation, fear of failure, and initial amount of capital. The researcher used one way ANOVA for relationship of age and personal & family problems of the respondents. The researcher has measuring relationship age and personal & family problems framed the following hypothesis. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between age of the respondents and personal & family problems. www.borjournals.com Open Access Journals Blue Ocean Research Journals 317
TABLE 2 One way ANOVA- Age and Personal and Family Problems Age of N Mean Std. Deviation Std. F Sig. the Respondents Error Below 20 1 3.667.000.000 20-30 52 3.702.805.111 30-40 16 3.712.608.151 2.340.008 Above 40 11 3.046.786.237 Total 80 3.615.787.088 Table 2 shows that F value of 2.340, (0.01) percent level of significance. The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence it is concluded that age of the respondents influences the Personal and family problems. Financial Problems with Monthly Income Group of the Respondents Monthly income is one of the demographic factors of the respondents. The Monthly income factor is determining all problems in beauty parlour business. Monthly income is classified into 5 categories viz., less than Rs. 20,000, Rs.20,000 to Rs.40,000, Rs.40,000 to Rs.60,000 to Rs.60,000 to Rs.80,000 and above Rs.80,000. Financial problems are classified in to five categories viz., problem in getting finance in right time, high rate of interest, unavailability of loan, improper loan installment, and problem in getting subsidiary. The researcher used one way ANOVA for relationship of monthly income and financial problems of the respondents. The researcher has measuring relationship monthly income and financial problems framed the following hypothesis. Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between monthly income of the respondents and financial problems. TABLE 3 One way ANOVA- Monthly Income and Financial Problems Monthly Income N Mean Std. Std. F Sig. Deviation Error Less than Rs.20,000 16 2.688.554.138 Rs.20,000 to Rs.40,000 18 3.102.691.163 Rs.40,000 to Rs.60,000 18 3.296.696.164 3.778.007 Rs.60,000 to Rs.80,000 7 3.762.407.154 Above Rs.80,000 21 3.452.952.208 Total 80 3.213.781.0873 Table 3 shows that F value of 3.778, (0.01) percent level of significance. The null hypothesis is rejected. Hence it is concluded that monthly income of the respondents influences the financial problem. Marketing Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Beauty Parlour Business Marketing is one of the major factors of the beauty parlour business. Each enterprise has to face many marketing barriers to overcome the business in general and beauty parlour business in particular. Marketing problems are classified into six categories viz., Problem of competitions, Problem in getting raw material, Unavailability Of skilled assistant, Unavailability of equipment, Cost escalation of raw material, Unavailability of training program. The researcher has measured the marketing problems on beauty parlour business to use the intensity value. Intensity value is used to relationship between spatial Clusters and nearby sources or other factors. www.borjournals.com Open Access Journals Blue Ocean Research Journals 318
TABLE 4 Marketing Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Beauty Parlour Business Factor Strongly No Opinion Strongly Total Average Rank Problem of competitions 200 144 12 0 0 356 4.45 I Problem in getting raw material 120 184 18 4 2 328 4.10 II Unavailability of skilled assistant 115 180 27 6 0 328 4.10 II Unavailability of equipment 130 132 63 0 0 325 4.06 IV Cost escalation of raw material 80 120 96 0 2 298 3.73 VI Unavailability of training program for skill 105 100 84 12 0 301 3.76 V up gradation Table 4 depicts the overall Marketing problems of the respondents about beauty parlour business. It inferred that the most number of the respondents have more problems is competition which is given First rank. The respondents have given Second rank for getting raw material and Unavailability Of skilled assistant. The Fourth rank was Unavailability of equipment and fifth ranks in Unavailability of training program and the last rank in Cost escalation of raw material. Other Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Beauty Parlour Business Other problems are classified into six categories viz., recent power problem, often changing rental structure, Mushroom growth of new parlour, Competition from branded parlours, Lack of advertisement and cultural barrier. The researcher has measured the marketing problems on beauty parlour business to use the intensity value. TABLE 5 Other Problems of Women Entrepreneurs in Beauty Parlour Factor Strongly No Opinion Strongly Total Average Rank Recent power problem 295 60 9 6 0 370 4.63 I Often changing rental structure 95 180 30 10 1 316 3.95 II Mushroom growth of new parlour 75 176 48 6 2 307 3.84 III Competition from branded parlours 90 164 39 12 2 307 3.84 III Lack of advertisement 85 92 57 28 7 269 3.36 IV Cultural barrier 35 100 66 38 7 246 3.08 V Table 5 depicts the overall other problems of the respondents about beauty parlour business. It inferred that the most number of the respondents have more problems Recent power problem is ranked first. The respondents have given Second rank for often changing rental structure. The Third rank was Mushroom growth and Compe- www.borjournals.com Open Access Journals Blue Ocean Research Journals 319
tition from branded parlours and fifth rank is Lack of advertisement and the last rank is the Cultural barrier. Conclusion In today s world all businesses are technology based. The Beauty Parlour business comes under the tiny sector. The researcher has analyzed the economic and business problems. The researcher has found the available source of finance for the expenditure and the establishment of the beauty parlour business. The researcher has also found other problems in the beauty parlour business. The most of the respondents have faced the financial crisis and non availability of the material and other unawareness of establishing beauty parlour business. Reference [1] Gilder George, The spirit of Enterprise,Penguin Books, England p.23. [2] Webster s, Third New International Dictionary, London 1976. [3] S.K. Dhameja, women Entrepreneurs Opportunities, Performance and Problems, 2004 [4] R. Ganesan, Dilbagh Kaur and R.C. Maheswari, Women Entrepreneurs: Problems and Prospects,2002. [5] Vinze, Women entrepreneurs in India 1987. [6] Schumpeter J.A, Economic theory and Enterpreneurial Histroy, In Explorations in enterprise, Ed Aitken HGT Harvard University, p.51. [7] Mc Clelland D.C, The Achieving Society,D.Van Norstrand Co.Inc.,New York,1961,pp 210-215. [8] Sethu Salma, Psychological Characteristics of Indian Women Entrepreneurs Vis-à-vis Their Non- Entrepreneur Peers: An Empirical Study, 1988. [9] www.google.co.in www.borjournals.com Open Access Journals Blue Ocean Research Journals 320