Identifying the Drug Impaired Person Sgt. Jeff Chapman 9/13/2017 1
About Officer Chapman Phoenix Police Department National Association of Field Training Officers 9/13/2017 2
Course Overview Drug categories and trends Effects and duration What to look for CopperPoint s policy How to report 9/13/2017 3
Why is it important to know the signs of impairment? Examples of accidents Be vigilant Tragic consequences Etc? 9/13/2017 4
Drug Categories CNS Depressants Rohypnol, Valium, Xanax and GHB CNS Stimulants Cocaine and Methamphetamine Hallucinogens Peyote, LSD and Ecstasy Phencyclidine(PCP) PCP and its analogs(ketamine) *Prescriptions and over the counter drugs are also grouped into the above categories. Just because a drug is prescribed does not make it okay to abuse. 9/13/2017 5
Drug Categories Narcotic Analgesics Heroin, Morphine, etc Inhalants Paint, glue, gasoline, nitrous oxide Cannabis Products of the Cannabis Sativa plant 9/13/2017 6
Drug Trends 14.8 million Americans currently use illicit drugs 3.2 million (approximately) are dependent on illicit drugs Rates of Marijuana use were highest among those under 25 Rates of cocaine use were higher among those 25 and older 9/13/2017 7
Club Drugs Drugs such as Ecstasy and GHB have shown a gradual increase in use compared to the decrease seen with most other types of illicit drugs. As recent as 1985, Ecstasy was legal and sold over the counter at many bars and clubs. GHB is commonly used as a sexual assault drug. 9/13/2017 8
Effects on Brain and Reward System Dopamine Chemical neurotransmitter that is produced by pleasure or reward. Serotonin Chemical neurotransmitter that controls integration of information and emotion. All drugs that are addicting activate the brain s reward system. Drugs effect neurotransmission in the brain in different ways. 9/13/2017 9
How Drugs Effect the Brain Heroin and LSD mimic effects of natural neurotransmitters. Cocaine interferes with dopamine released into the brain from being reabsorbed. The brain then becomes flooded with dopamine. Ecstasy appears to effect serotonin like cocaine effects dopamine. Methamphetamine causes a massive release of dopamine into the brain. Marijuana is the least known about. Studies have shown that Marijuana appears to effect the brain like both opiates and cocaine. 9/13/2017 10
Duration of Effects Type Tranquilizers GHB Rohypnol Barbiturates Duration 4 to 8 hours 3 to 5 hours 8 to 12 hours 1 to 16 hours 9/13/2017 11
CNS Stimulants Cocaine, Methamphetamine General Indicators: Restlessness Talkative Euphoria Body tremors Blood pressure and pulse up Bruxism Methamphetamine Methamphetamine and cocaine cause a massive release of dopamine into the brain. Rock (Crack) Cocaine 9/13/2017 12
CNS Stimulants Cocaine, Methamphetamine Duration of Effects: Cocaine Methamphetamine HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: 5-90 Minutes 4-12 Hours No Dilated Up Up Up Methamphetamine Methamphetamine and cocaine cause a massive release of dopamine into the brain. Rock (Crack) Cocaine 9/13/2017 13
Pupil Size Pupils are DILATED 9/13/2017 14
Commonly Used Products in Meth Labs 9/13/2017 15
Meth Lab Equipment 9/13/2017 16
Hallucinogen Peyote, LSD, Ecstasy General Indicators: Synesthesia Paranoia Dazed appearance Body tremors Blood pressure and pulse up Piloerection (goose bumps) LSD (liquid) being dropped onto sugar cubes. Ecstasy effects Serotonin, a chemical in the Reward System of the brain. 9/13/2017 17
Hallucinogen Peyote, LSD, Ecstasy Duration of Effects: Depends on type of drug used LSD (liquid) being dropped onto sugar cubes. HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: No Dilated Up Up Up Ecstasy effects Serotonin, a chemical in the Reward System of the brain. 9/13/2017 18
Synesthesia A transposition of sensory modes Seeing sounds Hearing odors Smelling sights 9/13/2017 19
OTC DXM Containing Medicines 9/13/2017 20
½ Ounce of Dried Psilocybin Mushrooms 9/13/2017 21
PCN PCP and Its Analogs (Ketamine) General Indicators: Warm to the touch/perspiring Blank stare Repetitive speech Incomplete verbal responses Blood pressure and pulse up Possibly violent and combative PCP 9/13/2017 22
PCN PCP and Its Analogs (Ketamine) Duration of Effects: Onset 1-5 Minutes Peak 15-30 Minutes Last 4-6 Hours PCP HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: Present Normal Up Up Up 9/13/2017 23
PCP-Phencyclidine 9/13/2017 24
Ketamine (Ketalar ) 9/13/2017 25
Narcotic Analgesic Heroin, Morphine and Other Opium Derivatives General Indicators: On the nod Droopy eyelids Slow reflexes Dry mouth Blood pressure and pulse down Low, raspy speech Heroin 9/13/2017 26
Narcotic Analgesic Heroin, Morphine and Other Opium Derivatives Duration of Effects: Heroin 1-5 Minutes Methadone 24 Hours Others Vary by type Heroin HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: No Constricted Down Down Down 9/13/2017 27
Various Colors of Heroin 9/13/2017 28
Hydrocodone Vicodin HP Lortab 9/13/2017 29
Tylenol #3 Darvocet 9/13/2017 30
Inhalants Paint, Glue, Gasoline, Nitrous Oxide General Indicators: Disorientation Slurred Speech Residue on face/hands Confusion Use of Inhalants can cause brain damage. Nitrous oxide depletes oxygen from the brain causing a drunk-like high. It can also lead to death. 9/13/2017 31
Inhalants Paint, Glue, Gasoline, Nitrous Oxide Duration of Effects: Volatile Solvents Others 6-8 Hours Short HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: Present Varies Up Varies Varies Use of Inhalants can cause brain damage. Nitrous oxide depletes oxygen from the brain causing a drunk-like high. It can also lead to death. 9/13/2017 32
Types of Inhalants Volatiles Solvents Gasoline, paint thinner, fingernail polish remover, whiteout Aerosols Hair spray, whipped cream, spray paint Anesthetic Gases Chloroform, amyl nitrite, whippets, nitrous oxide 9/13/2017 33
Cannabis Products of the Cannabis Sativa Plant General Indicators: Very bloodshot eyes Body tremors Relaxed inhibitions Blood pressure and pulse up Odor of burnt marijuana Marijuana is the least known about. Studies have shown that marijuana appears to effect the brain like both opiates and cocaine. 9/13/2017 34
Cannabis Products of the Cannabis Sativa Plant Duration of Effects: Euphoria 2-3 Hours Impairment up to 24 hours HGN/VGN: PUPIL SIZE: PULSE RATE: BLOOD PRESSURE: TEMPERATURE: No Dilated/Normal Up Up Normal Marijuana is the least known about. Studies have shown that marijuana appears to effect the brain like both opiates and cocaine. 9/13/2017 35
Cannabis 9/13/2017 36
Statistics In 2013 the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that 24.6 million of the US population aged 12 or older were using illicit drugs. The Drug Abuse Warning Network reported that approximately 1,252,500 Americans sought emergency department treatment for an adverse reaction to illicit drug use or abuse in 2011 Approximately 70% of Americans who abuse illegal drugs are employed (NCADD) 10-20% of the nation s workers who die on the job test positive for alcohol or other drugs, according to OSHA. 9/13/2017 37
CopperPoint Drug Policy CopperPoint is committed to a work environment that is free from the effects of alcohol and controlled substances, and free from the abuse or inappropriate use of prescribed and over-the-counter medications. Employees must report for duty prepared to work safely and effectively, and must maintain that condition while at work. The presence of alcohol or a controlled substance in an employee s system that violates Company policy will subject the employee to disciplinary action, up to and including termination. Prior to engaging in work activities, report to Human Resources any use of any drug or medication (prescription or over-the-counter) that may impair job performance or create a risk of safety to the employee or to others. 9/13/2017 38
What to do if you suspect a co-worker is doing drugs Report any suspicious behavior to your manager. Managers must take appropriate action whenever they observe performance, appearance, or behavioral indicators that raise concern regarding possible use or abuse of alcohol or drugs, or they have a good faith belief to suspect the presence of alcohol or drugs in the workplace, including information reported by a person believed to be reliable who witnessed the behavior, use, or possession of drugs or drug paraphernalia at work. 9/13/2017 39
Appropriate actions include: Document the observations; When possible, have another manager witness and document the observations; Work with Human Resources to perform the appropriate investigation including drug and alcohol testing; and Follow the requirements of the Drug and Alcohol Testing Program Guidelines. Employees sent for drug and alcohol testing must comply with the testing procedure 9/13/2017 40
Did You Know? Drug Abuse Costs Employers $81 Billion Per Year Some 70 percent of the estimated 14.8 million Americans who use illegal drugs are employed, and workers who report having three or more jobs in the previous five years are about twice as likely to be current or past year users of illegal drugs as those who have had two or fewer jobs Preoccupation with obtaining and using substances while at work, interfering with attention and concentration Illegal activities at work including selling illegal drugs to other employees 9/13/2017 41
According to NCADD*, the following job performance and workplace behaviors may be signs that indicate possible workplace drug problems: Job performance Inconsistent work quality Poor concentration and lack of focus Lowered productivity or erratic work patterns Increased absenteeism or on the job presenteeism Unexplained disappearances from the job site Carelessness, mistakes or errors in judgment Needless risk taking Disregard for safety for self and others which can translate to on-the-job and off-the-job accidents 9/13/2017 42
Workplace behaviors continued Extended lunch periods and early departures Workplace behavior Frequent financial problems Avoidance of friends and colleagues Blaming others for own problems and shortcomings Complaints about problems at home Deterioration in personal appearance or personal hygiene Complaints, excuses and time off for vaguely defined illnesses or family problems *National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence ncadd.org 9/13/2017 43
Resources Phoenix PD Online Reporting: https://www.phoenix.gov/police/policereport OSHA s newest rules on drug-testing and accident reporting: http://www.laborandemploymentlawcounsel.com /2016/06/new-osha-rules-on-drug-testingretaliation-claims-and-accident-reporting/ CopperPoint s drug policy: http://onpoint.copperpoint.com/documentcenter /humanresources/policies Guidelines/ETHICS AND COMPLIANCE/Drug and Alcohol Policy.docx 9/13/2017 44
Questions Questions? Officer Jeff Chapman National Association of Field Training Officers Phoenix Police Department Email? Phone number? Contact Officer Chapman Jeff.Chapman@phoenix.gov (602)495-6724 9/13/2017 45