NAME PER DATE Chapter Six Review Sections 1 and 2 Matching: 1. afferent nerves 2. autonomic nervous system 3. cell body 4. central nervous system (CNS) 5. dendrites 6. efferent nerves 7. myelin sheath 8. neurilemma 9. neuroglia 10. nodes of Ranvier 11. peripheral nervous system (PNS) 12. somatic nervous system 13. synapse A. the uninsulated gaps in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber where the axon is exposed B. the intersection between a neuron and another neuron, a muscle, a gland, or a sensory receptor C. branches of a neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to the cell body D. the thin, membranous sheath enveloping a nerve fiber E. branch of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions F. branch of the nervous system that stimulates the skeletal muscles G. non-neural tissue that forms the interstitial or supporting elements of the CNS; also known as glial cells H. part of an axon that contains a nucleus I. all parts of the nervous system external to the brain and spinal cord J. sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system K. the brain and spinal cord L. the fatty bands of insulation surrounding axon fibers M. motor transmitters that carry impulses from the central nervous system out to the muscles and glands
Lesson 6.1: Study Questions Short Answer: 1. What are the two major divisions of the nervous system? 2. Which body structures comprise the central nervous system (CNS)? What is the function of the CNS? 3. Describe the structure and function of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). 4. What is the difference between afferent nerves and efferent nerves? 5. What are the two subdivisions of the efferent nerves? Name the function of each. 6. Name the two types of nervous tissues found in the nervous system. 7. What are the four types of neuroglia found in the CNS? Describe the function of each. 8. What are the two types of neuroglia found in the PNS? Describe the function of each.
9. What is the main function of neurons? 10. Why is it important for an axon to be covered with a myelin sheath? 11. What is the difference between white matter and gray matter? 12. What are neurotransmitters? 13. What is a synapse between an axon terminal and a muscle fiber called? 14. Neurons are classified according to function. How many types are there, and what are their functions? 15. There are three different neuron structures. Describe the structure and function of each.
Directions: Label the figure with the appropriate callouts using your book. 1. (brain and spinal cord) Sensory (afferent) Motor (efferent) 2. (parts of the nervous system other than brain and spinal cord) 3. 4. (to cardiac and smooth muscles and glands) 5. (to skeletal muscles) 6. 7. (routine involuntary functions) (high alert) Completion: 1. is the re-establishment of a polarized state in a cell after depolarization. 2. When the inside of a cell is more negatively charged than the outside, it is. 3. The is the time between the completion of the action potential and repolarization. 4. The ability of a neuron to transmit a nerve impulse is called. 5. are involuntary stimuli transmitted to skeletal muscles from neural arcs in the spinal cord. 6. are involuntary stimuli transmitted to cardiac and smooth muscle. 7. are simple, rapid, involuntary, programmed responses to stimuli. 8. A cell membrane that is is more positively charged on the inside than the outside. 9. An action potential that rapidly skips from node to node on myelinated neurons is experiencing. 10. A(n) is an electrical charge that travels along a nerve fiber when stimulated.
Short Answer: 1. What behavioral characteristic do neurons share with muscle? 2. What is conductivity? 3. What does it mean when a cell membrane is polarized? 4. What happens after the neuron membrane is depolarized? 5. What are other names for the electrical charge created by depolarization? 6. What must occur for the cell membrane to respond to another stimulus? 7. What three factors influence how fast nerve impulses travel? 8. Why is impulse conduction much faster in nonmyelinated axons with larger diameters than in those with smaller diameters? 9. Explain how body temperature influences conduction speed. 10. What must be present in order for a nerve impulse to transmit faster than one meter per second? Give an example of a specific type of nerve impulse that travels slower than one meter per second.
11. Describe how transmission of nerve impulses is an electrochemical event. 12. What kinds of effects can neurotransmitters have on receiving cells? 13. What element is typically used to deactivate the neurotransmitter? What would happen if the neurotransmitter was not deactivated? 14. What might an NCV that is significantly slower than normal suggest? 15. What role does the brain play in somatic reflexes? 16. What are autonomic reflexes? List two activities that autonomic reflexes influence?