CAYUGA COMMUNITY COLLEGE Division of Computer Science, Mechanical Technology, Electrical Technology, GIS, Math, Nursing, Science Anatomy and Physiology II - Biology 204 4 Credit Hours CATALOG DESCRIPTION Continuation of the study of human anatomy and physiology. Topics include circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems and water, electrolyte, and acidbase balance, Three class hours/one, two-hour lab weekly. Prerequisite: Biology 203. (Every Academic Year). STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completion of this course, the student should be able to: 1. Utilize the basic concepts and terminology of Anatomy and Physiology I (BIO 203). 2. Describe and correlate the structure (anatomy) and function (physiology) of the major organs comprising the endocrine system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, and urinary system. 3. Explain the basis of selected pathologies that result from loss of homeostatic mechanisms within the endocrine system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, and urinary system. 4. Predict the types of integrated regulatory responses of the endocrine system, digestive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, immune system, and urinary system in response to loss of homeostasis. 5. Describe blood types and blood type compatibility. 6. Correlate the interrelationships of all the body systems as they work together to maintain homeostasis. 7. Describe the buffering capacity of the human body and its role in monitoring ph. 8. Identify the major arteries and veins. 9. Identify the major organs of the cardiovascular, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, and digestive systems. 10. Identify the major anatomical structures of the heart, lungs, and kidney. 11. Competently use relevant laboratory equipment, techniques, and technology. 12. Use critical thinking skills to integrate and apply knowledge to anatomical and physiological problems, questions, and clinical scenarios. 1
CONTENT I. Control Systems of the Human Body A. The Endocrine System 1. Hormones and Feedback Systems a. Biochemistry of Hormones b. Feedback Control of Hormonal Secretion 2. Mechanisms of Hormonal Control a. Fixed-Membrane-Receptor Mechanism b. Mobile-Receptor Mechanism 3. Pituitary Gland a. Relationship between the Pituitary and Hypothalamus b. Hormones of the Pituitary 4. Thyroid gland a. Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine b. Calcitonin 5. Parathyroid Glands 6. Adrenal glands a. Adrenal Cortex b. Adrenal Medulla 7. Pancreas 8. Gonads 9. Other Sources of Hormones II. Transportation and Maintenance A. The Cardiovascular System: Blood 1. Functions of the Blood 2. Properties of Blood 3. Components of Blood a. Plasma b. Red Blood Cells c. White Blood Cells d. Platelets 4. Hemostasis a. Vasoconstrictive Phase b. Platelet Phase c. Basic Mechanisms of Blood Clotting d. Hemostasis and the Nervous System e. Inhibition of Clotting 5. Blood Types a. Blood Grouping and Transfusion b. Rh Factor 6. Anatomical and Physiological Abnormalities B. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 1. Structure of the Heart a. Location of the Heart b. Pericardium c. Chambers of the Heart d. Valves of the Heart e. Great Vessels of the Heart f. Blood Supply to the Heart 2
2. Physiology of the Heart a. Structural and Metabolic Properties of Cardiac Muscle b. Electrical Properties of Cardiac Muscle c. EKG d. Cardiac Output e. Nervous Control of the Heart f. Endocrine Control of the Heart g. Regulation of Cardiac Output 3. Physiological and Anatomical Abnormalities C. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels 1. Types of Blood Vessels 2. Circulation of the Blood 3. Major Arteries and Veins 4. Physiology of Circulation a. Principles of Blood Flow b. Regulation of Blood Flow c. Factors Affecting Blood Pressure d. Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure e. Measuring Blood Pressure 5. Physiological and Anatomical Abnormalities D. The Lymphatic System and Immunity 1. The Lymphatic System a. Lymph b. Lymphatic Capillaries c. Circulation of Lymph d. Lymph Nodes e. Tonsils f. Spleen g. Thymus Gland 2. Non-specific Defenses of the Body a. Inflammation Response b. Nonspecific Antiviral and Antibacterial Substances 3. Specific Defenses a. Antigens b. Antibodies c. Formation and Maturation of Lymphocytes d. Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity e. Antibody Formation f. Differentiation of T Cells 4. Allergy/Hypersensitivity 5. Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency 6. Types of Acquired Immunity E. The Respiratory System 1. Respiratory Tract 2. Mechanics of Breathing 3. Factors Affecting Gas Movement and Solubility 4. Gas Transport 5. Neurochemical Control of Breathing 6. Physiological and Anatomical Abnormalities 3
F. The Digestive System 1. Digestive System Structure and Functions a. Basic functions b. Tissue Structure 2. Mouth a. Lips and Cheeks b. Teeth and Gums c. Tongue d. Palate e. Salivary Glands 3. Pharynx and Esophagus c. Swallowing 4. Stomach 5. Pancreas 6. Liver and Gallbladder 7. Small Intestine 8. Large Intestine 9. Physiological and Anatomical Abnormalities G. The Urinary System 1. Anatomy of the Kidneys a. Location and External Anatomy b. Internal Anatomy c. Blood Supply d. Nephron 2. Physiology of the Kidney a. Glomerular Filtration b. Tubular Reabsorption c. Tubular Secretion d. Plasma Clearance e. Countercurrent Concentration of Urine f. Acid-Base Regulation 3. Accessory Excretory Structures a. Ureters b. Urinary Bladder c. Urethra 4. Urine and Urination a. Composition of Urine b. Physical Properties of Urine c. Volume and Concentration of Urine 5. Physiological and Anatomical Abnormalities H. Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance 1. Body Fluids a. Composition b. Movement Between Compartments 2. Water Balance a. Regulation of Intake and Output b. Thirst Mechanism 3. Electrolyte Balance a. Regulation b. Sodium, Potassium, Calcium 4. Acid-Base Balance a. Chemical Buffer Systems b. Bicarbonate Buffer System c. Physiological Buffer Systems d. Using Blood Values to Elevate ph Imbalances 4
I. Reproductive System 1. Male Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology 2. Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology 3. Control and Regulation EVALUATION OF STUDENT PERFORMANCE Exams (Minimum of Four), Laboratory Practicals, Quizzes, Homework, and Laboratory Exercises INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS Lectures, Discussions, Dissections, Physiology Software, Physiology Hardware. TEXT AND MATERIALS See the division for the current text and materials. Revised: November 2014 5