Vol. 28, 1977 Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Founded as Acta Psychotherapeutica et Psychosomatica by E.A.D.E. Carp and B. Slokvis, continued by 77». Spoerri. Official Organ of the International Federation for Medical Psychotherapy Editor-in-Chief P.iE. Sifneos, Boston, Mass. Editorial Board H. L. H. Benson, Boston, Mass. Birk, Newton, Mass. Davanloo, Montreal, Que. M.. Dongier, Montreal, Que. F. Frankel, Boston, Mass. H. Freyberger, Hannover A. Heiberg, Oslo P. Knapp, Boston, Mass. D. Malan, London H. Musaph, Amsterdam T. Nadelson, Boston, Mass. J.C. Neniiah, Boston, Mass. R. Pierlool, Kortenberg J. Ruesch, San Francisco, Calif. 7.7. Schildkraut, Boston, Mass. P.-B. Schneider, Lausanne S. Karger Basel München Paris London New York Sydney
Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Psychosomatic Research Heidelberg, September 14-17, 1976 Toward a Theory of Psychosomatic Disorders Alexithymia, Pensée opératoire, Psychosomatisches Phänomen Editors: W. Bräutigam and M. von Rad, Heidelberg 39 figures and 47 tables, 1977 S. Karger Basel München Paris London New York Sydney
Published simultaneously as Toward a Theory of Psychosomatic Disorders All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 1977 by S. Karger AG, 4011 Basel (Switzerland), Arnold-Bocklin-Strasse 25 Printed in Switzerland by Werner Druck AG, Basel
Contents Heinemann, G.W. f : Address to the llth European Conference on Psychosomatic Research... IX Introduction Bräutigam, W. and Rad, M. von: Towards a Theory of Psychosomatic Disorders... XI Basic Concepts of Psychosomatic Medicine Kimball, C.P.: The Languages of Psychosomatic Medicine... 1 Singer, M.T.: Psychological Dimensions in Psychosomatic Patients... 13 Sltands, H.C.: Suitability for Psychotherapy. II. Unsuitability and Psychosomatic Disease... 28 Schneider, P.-B.: The Observer, the Psychosomatic Phenomenon and the Setting of the Observation... 36 Observations Sifneos, P.E.; Apfel-Savitz, R., and Frankel, F.H.: The Phenomenon of Alexithymia. Observations in Neurotic and Psychosomatic Patients... 47 Wolff, H.H.: The Contribution of the Interview Situation to the Restriction of Phantasy Life and Emotional Experience in Psychosomatic Patients... 58 Philippopoulos, G.S.: Some Remarks on the Etymological and Grammatic Aspects of the Term Alexithymia... 68 Discussion... 71 Gottschalk, L.A.: Recent Advances in the Content Analysis of Speech and the Application of this Measurement Approach to Psychosomatic Research... 73 Rad, M. von; Lalucat, L., and Lolas, F.: Differences of Verbal Behaviour in Psychosomatic and Psychoneurotic Patients... 83 Vogt, R.; Biirckstiimmer, G.; Ernst, L.; Meyer, K., and Rad, M. von: Differences in Phantasy Life of Psychosomatic and Psychoneurotic Patients... 98 Overbeck, G.: How to Operationalize Alexithymic Phenomena - Some Findings from Speech Analysis and the Giessen Test (G T )... 106 Discussion 118
Contents VI Larsen, F. and Mogstad, T.-E.: Neurosis and Psychosomatic Disorders: Aspects of Differentiation... 121 Waysfeld, B. ; Le Barzic, M.; Aimez, P., and Guy-Grand, B.: Pensée opératoire in Obesity... 127 Flannery, J.G.: Alexithymia. I. The Communication of Physical Sym ptom s... 133 Taylor, G.J.: Alexithymia and the Counter-Transference... 141 Hoppe, K.D. and Bogen, J.E.: Alexithymia in Twelve Commissurotomized Patients 148 Pierloot, R. and Vinck, J.: A Pragmatic Approach to the Concept of Alexithymia 156 Nemiah, J.C.; Sifneos, P.E., and Apfel-Savitz, R.: A Comparison of the Oxygen Consumption of Normal and Alexithymie Subjects in Response to Affect- Provoking Thoughts... 167 Frankel, F.H.; Apfel-Savitz, R.; Nemiah, J.C., and Sifneos, P.E.: The Relationship between Hypnotizability and Alexithymia... 172 Jackson, M.: Psychopathology and Pseudo-Normality in Ulcerative Colitis... 179 Liedtke, R.; Freyberger, H., and Zepf, S.: Personality Features of Patients with Ulcerative C olitis... 187 Borens, R.; Grosse-Schulte, E.; Jaensch, W., andkorteir.me, K.-H.: Is Alexithymia but a Social Phenomenon? An Empirical Investigation in Psychosomatic Patients... 193 Theories Nemiah, J.C.: Alexithymia. Theoretical Considerations... 199 MacLean, P.D.: The Triune Brain in Conflict... 207 Heiberg, A. and Heiberg, A.: Alexithymia - an Inherited Trait? A Study of Twins.. 221 Discussion... 226 Brede, K.: A Social-Psychological Approach to the Specificity of Psychosomatic Diseases... 230 Cremerius, J.: Some Reflections about the Conception of Psychosomatic Patients in the French School... 236 Stierlin. H.: Wirsching, M.. and Knauss. W.: Family Dynamics and Psychosomatic Disorders in Adolescence... 243 Discussion... 252 Waring, E.M.: The Role of the Family in Symptom Selection and Perpetuation in Psychosomatic Illness... 253 Gaddini, R.: The Pathology of the Self as a Basis of Psychosomatic Disorders... 260 Mitscherlich, M.: The Significance of the Transitional Object for Psychosomatic Thinking... 272 Z epf S.: Primary Socialisation and Alexithymie Defects in Symbol and Concept Form ation... 278
Contents VII Therapeutic Approaches Bastiaans, J.: The Implications of the Specificity Concept for the Treatment of Psychosomatic Patients... 285 Ford, Ch. V. and Long, K.D.: Group Psychotherapy of Somatizing Patients... 294 Roberts, J.P.: The Problems of Group Psychotherapy for Psychosomatic Patients 305 Sellscliopp-Ruppell, A.: Behavioural Characteristics in In-Patient Group Psychotherapy with Psychosomatic Patients... 316 Apfel-Savitz, R.; Silverman, D., and Bennett, M.I.: Group Psychotherapy of Patients with Somatic Illnesses and Alexithymia... 323 Becker, H.: A Non-Verbal Therapeutic Approach to Psychosomatic Disorders... 330 Freyberger, H.: Supportive Psychotherapeutic Techniques in Primary and Secondary Alexithymia... 337 Discussion... 343 Varia Stephanos, S. and Auhagen, U.: Beyond the Psychosomatic Phenomenon. Reflexions on the Life of Blaise Pascal... 346 Sellscliopp-Ruppell, A. and Rad, M. von: Pinocchio - a Psychosomatic Syndrome 357 Panel- and Plenum Discussion: Psychotherapeutic Problems with Psychosomatic Patients... 361 Retrospective View on the Conference Wolff, H.H.: The Concept of Alexithymia and the Future of Psychosomatic Research 376 List of Contributors 389