Duane Knudson Fundamentals of Biomechanics Second Edition Springer
Preface Acknowledgments PARTI INTRODUCTION CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION TO BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN MOVEMENT NINE FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS 29 Principles and Laws 29 Nine Principles for Application of Biomechanics 30 QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS 35 36 36 WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS? WHY STUDY BIOMECHANICS? Improving Performance Preventing and Treating Injury Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis WHERE CAN I FIND OUT ABOUT BIOMECHANICS? Scholarly Societies Computer Searches Biomechanics Textbooks BIOMECHANICAL KNOWLEDGE VERSUS INFORMATION Kinds of Sources Evaluating Sources A Word About Right and Wrong Answers 3 5 5 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 18 19 20 2.2. PART II BIOLOGICAL/STRUCTURAL BASES CHAPTER 3 ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION AND ITS LIMITATIONS REVIEW OF KEY ANATOMICAL CONCEPTS Directional Terms Joint Motions Review of Muscle Strucrure MUSCLE ACTIONS Active and Passive Tension of Muscle Hill Muscle Model THE LIMITATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS Mechanical Method of Muscle Action Analysis The Need for Biomechanics to Understand Muscle Actions Sports Mediane and Rehabilitation Applications 41 42 43 46 49 51 51 53 53 56 60 RANGE-OF-MOTION PRINCIPLE 60 CHAPTER 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS KEY MECHANICAL CONCEPTS Mechanics Basic Units 23 23 25 FORCE-MOTION PRINCIPLE 63 65 67 V
vi FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS CHAPTER 4 MECHANICS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM TlSSUE LOADS RESPONSE OF TISSUES TO FORCES Stress Strain Stiffness and Mechanical Strength Viscoelasticity BIOMECHANICS OF THE PASSIVE MUSCLE-TENDON UNIT BIOMECHANICS OF BONE (MTU) 69 69 70 70 71 72 75 76 OPTIMAL PROJECTION PRINCIPLE ANGULAR MOTION Angular Velocity Angular Acceleration COORDINATION CONTINUUM PRINCIPLE 117 1 122 123 128 130 130 131 131 132 BIOMECHANICS OF LIGAMENTS 77 THREE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLE Force-Velocity Relationship Force-Length Relationship Force-Time Relationship STRETCH-SHORTENING CYCLE (SSC) NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL The Functional Unit of Control: Motor Units Regulation of Muscle Force Proprioception of Muscle Action and Movement 79 79 84 86 88 92 94 94 95 99 100 101 101 102 103 CHAPTER 6 LINEAR KINETICS LAWS OF KINETICS NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION Newton's First Law and First Impressions Newton's Second Law Newton's Third Law INERTIA PRINCIPLE MUSCLE ANGLE OF PULL: QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF VECTORS Qualitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull Quantitative Vector Analysis of Muscle Angle of Pull CONTACT FORCES IMPULSE-MOMENTUM RELATIONSHIP 136 1 139 141 141 143 145 147 149 WORK-ENERGY RELATIONSHIP 151 PART III MECHANICAL BASES Mechanical Energy Mechanical Work Mechanical Power 151 155 157 CHAPTER 5 LINEAR AND ANGULAR KINEMATICS SEGMENTAL INTERACTION PRINCIPLE 160 164 165 LINEAR MOTION Speed and Velocity Acceleration Uniformly Accelerated Motion 107 109 113 115 WEB LPNKS 1 1 167
CHAPTER 7 ANGULAR KINETICS TORQUE SUMMING TORQUES ANGULAR INERTIA (MOMENT OF INERTIA) NEWTON'S ANGULAR ANALOGUES EQUILIBRIUM CENTER OF GRAVITY PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE SUGGESTED READFNG CHAPTER 8 FLUID MECHANICS FLUIDS FLUID FORCES Buoyancy Drag Lift The Magnus Effect PRINCIPLE OF SPIN PART IV APPLICATIONS OF BIOMECHANICS IN QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS CHAPTER 9 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 169 173 174 178 179 180 183 189 190 190 191 191 195 200 203 208 1 224 CHAPTER 10 COACHING THROWING TECHNIQUE DRIBBLING TECHNIQUE CONDITIONING RECRUITMENT CATCHING CHAPTER11 STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING SQUAT TECHNIQUE DROP JUMPS EXERCISE SPECIFICITY INJURY RISK EQUIPMENT 224 224 225 227 228 230 231 233 235 2 239 240 242 244 244 245 246 246 KICKING TECHNIQUE 5 BATTFNG 8 THE BASKETBALL FREE THROW 9 EXERCISE/ACTIVITY PRESCRIPTION 220 CATCHING 222 CHAPTER 12 SPORTS MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION INJURY MECHANISMS 247 EXERCISE SPECIFICITY 248 EQUIPMENT 250
VIII FUNDAMENTALS OF BlOMECHANICS w u. - - - : u m READINESS INJURY PREVENTTON 251 252 LABACTIVITIES 1 FINDING BLOMECHANICAL SOURCES L-2 253 254 2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RANGE OF MOTION L-4 SöGGESTED READING REFERENCES 254 255 257 3 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY? 4 MUSCLE ACTIONS AND THE STRETCH- SHORTENING CYCLE (SSC) 5A VELOCITY IN SPRINTING L-6 L-8 L-10 APPENDIX A GLOSSARY 283 5B ACCURACY OF THROWING SPEED MEASUREMENTS L-12 APPENDIX B CONVERSION FACTORS APPENDIX C 297 6A TOP GUN KINETICS: FORCE-MOTION PPJNCIPLE 6B IMPULSE-MOMENTUM: L-14 L-16 SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO SELECTED 299 7A ANGULAR KLNETICS OF EXERCISE L-18 APPENDIX D RiGHT-ANGLE TRIGONOMETRY REVIEW APPENDIX E BlOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES INDEX 305 307 309 7B CALCULATING CENTER OF GRAVITY USING ANGULAR KINETICS L-20 8 MAGNUS EFFECT IN BASEBALL PITCHING L-22 9 LEAD-UP ACTIVITIES L-24 10 COMPARISON OF SKILLED AND NOVICE PERFORMANCE L-26 11 COMPARISON OF TRAINPNG MODES L-28 12 WALKING GAIT L-30