Health Science: the structures & functions of the reproductive
BELLWORK 1. List (4) careers that are r/t the Reproductive, Urinary, and Endocrine Systems 2. Copy down the following terms: -ologist = one who studies/specializes -ology = study of MD = medical doctor RN = registered nurse CRNM = certified registered nurse midwife LPN = licensed practical nurse CRNA = certified registered nurse anesthetist Gyn- = woman OBGYN = Obstetrics and Gynecology L&D = labor and delivery LMP = last menstrual period Obstetr/o- = pregnancy and childbirth Nephr/o- = Kidney Ur/o- = urine, urinary tract Endocrin/o- = endocrine
Essential Questions What are the structures of the reproductive? What are the functions of the reproductive? 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 3
How does the Reproductive System relate to homeostasis in the body? *The reproductive helps maintain homeostasis in the female body by regulating the vagina Ph. *The reproductive maintains homeostasis in the male by regulating the overall temperature of the testis. *The major function of the reproductive is to ensure survival of the species. 4
Structures of the female reproductive 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 5
Structures of the female reproductive Ovary (female gonad)- (2) located on either side of pelvic cavity About the size of an almond Functions- Produces and stores the female egg cell called- (Ova-female gamete for reproduction) Produces hormones- Estrogen and Progesterone 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System FYI The ovas are the largest cells in the human body. 6
Ova- Functions of the female reproductive Females are born with all the eggs she will ever have! A female will mature about 400 ova during her reproductive years! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 7
Structures of the female reproductive Fallopian tubes Also known as oviduct or uterine tube. Extend from each side of the uterus. Approximately 4 long But are not attached to the ovaries, they open into the abdominal cavity. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 8
Functions of the female reproductive Fallopian tube- Ova migrate down the fallopian tube to the uterus If the ova gets fertilized and does not make it to the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 9
Structures of the female reproductive Uterus- Hollow, thick-walled, pearshaped, highly muscular organ. Lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 10
Structures of the female reproductive Structure of the Uterus- Fundus- Bulging upper part of the uterus Body- The body is the middle portion Cervix- The narrow portion that extends into the vagina 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 11
Structures of the female reproductive 3 layers of the Uterus- Perimetrium outer layer Myometrium-thick muscular, middle layer Endometrium-inner mucous layer Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 12
Functions of the female reproductive Uterus- What is the function of the uterus? This is where the fetus develops! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 13
Cervix- Structures of the female reproductive The cervix is the narrow opening of the uterus Extends into the vagina Approximately one inch long 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 14
Functions of the female reproductive Cervix- What is the function of the cervix? Menstrual flow Closed during pregnancy Dilates to 10cm during labor for childbirth 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 15
Structures of the female reproductive Vagina- Smooth muscular tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the body. Approximately 4 inches long Also known as the Birth Canal Hymen- External opening of the vagina may be covered by a perforated membrane for menstrual flow Enlarged during first intercourse 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 16
Functions of the female reproductive 3 Functions of the Vagina- Menstruation Intercourse Childbirth 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 17
Structures of the female reproductive External genitalia or Vulva- External organs of female reproductive area Provide protection for the internal reproductive organs 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 18
Functions of the female reproductive Labias- Folds of skin that surround and protect the vagina and urinary meatus Labia majora- Outer folds composed of fat deposits that surround the entrance to the vagina Labia minora- inner folds 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 19
Structures of the female reproductive Highly sensitive female erectile tissue Clitoris- Perineum- Area between the vagina (vulva) and anus Area for Episiotomy (incision for childbirth) 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 20
Structures of the female reproductive Ovary Fallopian tube Uterus Cervix Vagina 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 21
Functions of the female reproductive Breasts (Mammary glands )- Accessory reproductive organs Function- Milk secretion 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 22
Structures of the female reproductive Breasts (Mammary glands)- Consists of 15 or 20 lobes of glanular and adipose tissue Areola- Darkened area that surrounds the nipple 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 23
Functions of the female reproductive Menstrual Cycle- Usually 28 days Four stages: Follicle stage Ovulation stage Corpus luteum stage Menstruation stage 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 24
Functions of the female reproductive MENARCHE: Menstruation begins! Between ages 9-14 years old. MENOPAUSE: Menstruation ends! Between ages 45-55, can last 15 years. Can be induced prematurely by Oophorectomy (removal of ovaries). 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 25
Functions of the female reproductive Follicle stage- Usually lasts about 10 days Follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormone is released by the pituitary to begin ovulation FSH stimulates the follicle and ovum to mature Resulting in the release of Estrogen and preparation of the uterine lining 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 26
Functions of the female reproductive Ovulation stage- The pituitary stops producing FSH and starts producing Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Now 3 Hormones - LH, estrogen, and FSH arecirculating within the female body At day 14 in the menstrual cycle, the follicle ruptures and the ovum is released (Ovulation) 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 27
Functions of the female reproductive Corpus luteum stage (Luteal phase)- Secretes Progesterone and continues to do so if the egg is fertilized Prevents further ovulation and maintains the uterine lining Lasts about 14 days 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 28
Functions of the female reproductive Menstruation stage (Final stage)- Discharge of unfertilized ovum and degenerated endometrium if pregnancy has not occurred The corpus luteum diminishes progesterone production The uterine lining is broken down and discharged over the course of 3 to 6 days 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 29
Functions of the female reproductive 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 30
Structures & functions of the male reproductive 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 31
Functions of the male reproductive Hormone production- What is the male sex hormone? Testosterone What does Testosterone do? Development of male reproductive organs Sex drive Secondary male sex characteristics Production of sperm 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 32
Structures of the male reproductive Sperm or spermatozoa- The male gamete (sex cell) for reproduction Smallest cell in the human body. 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 33
Functions of the male reproductive Sperm- Approximately 100 million in 1ml seminal fluid! (If < 20 million, male considered sterile). Large quantity necessary because a great number are destroyed before they even reach the ova. Function is reproduction! 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 34
Functions of the male reproductive : Pathway for Sperm from Spermatogenesis to ejaculation: Testes (Seminiferous tubules Epididymis) Vas Deferans Ejaculatory Duct Urethra 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 35
Scrotum- Structures of the male reproductive External sac of skin that contains the Testes 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 36
Structures of the male reproductive Testes (2)- Male Gonads- Primary male reproductive organ About the size and shape of an egg Produce sperm 37
Functions of the male reproductive : Structures of the Testes- Seminiferous tubules- Each teste contains 1-4 minute, convoluted tubules Area of sperm production (Spermatogenesis) Takes about 74 days to mature Epididymis- Finalizes sperm development and connects to the testes to Vas deferens for storage 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 38
Structures of the male reproductive Vas deferens (aka: Ductus deferens)- A continuation of the epididymis Approximately 45cm long Stores sperm Connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct 39
Structures of the male reproductive Seminal vesicles- Produce seminal fluid and nutrients that protect and transport the sperm when it is ejaculated 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 40
Structures of the male reproductive Ejaculatory duct- Short, narrow ducts that descend into the prostate gland to join the Vas deferens with the urethra Function to discharge sperm into the urethra 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 41
Structures of the male reproductive Urethra- Belongs to the Urinary and the Reproductive Shared passage way for urine and sperm Closed off by the prostate during ejaculation 42
Structures of the male reproductive Prostate gland- Surrounds the urethra at the neck of the bladder About the size of a strawberry or a chestnut What would happen if it hypertrophied (enlarged)? As it enlarges, it clamps around the urethra causing retention and UTI s Called BPH 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 43
Functions of the male reproductive Prostate gland- : What is the function of the secretion produced by the prostate gland? Aids in the expulsion of semen Enhances the motility of sperm to be able to swim to reach the ova for fertilization 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 44
Functions of the male reproductive : Bulbourethral glands- Also called Cowper s gland Pea-sized; located inferior to the prostate It is a clear, viscous preejaculate secretion. Its function is to help lubricate the urethra for sperm to pass, neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra, & raise ph uterus. 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 45
Structures of the male reproductive Penis- External organ of reproduction Contains erectile tissue Prepuce (foreskin)- Covers the tip of the penis Circumcision is a procedure to remove the foreskin 46
Functions of the male reproductive What is the reproductive function of the penis? Copulation Transport of sperm for reproduction : 4.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the reproductive 47
Activity: Label the structures and functions of the reproductive s. What are the structures of the reproductive? What are the functions of the reproductive? 4.05 Remember the Structures of the Reproductive System 48