Technical Information TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 1 of 8 Supersedes edition dated September 1992 = Registered trademark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft Luwax LG Flakes Montanic Ester Wax Hard montanic ester wax, very easy to emulsify. Can be made into very finely divided emulsions for use in polishes.
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 2 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 3 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes Chemical nature Montanic ester wax Properties Unit Test methods DIN ASTM Physical form Yellow Flakes Dropping point C 51801 D-3954 77 83 (Ubbelohde) Penetrometer dmm 51579 D-1321 approx. 1 value at 23 C Acid number mg KOH/g ISO 2114 D-1386 25 35 Saponifaction mg KOH/g ISO 3681 D-1387 135 160 number Melt viscosity mm 2 /s 51562 D-2162 approx. 13 (120 C) Density at 23 C g/cm 3 53479 D-792 0.98 1.00 The above information is correct at the time of going to press. It does not necessarily form part of the product specification. A detailed product specification is available from your local BASF representative. Storage Solubility Luwax LG Flakes has an unlimited shelf life in its original packaging, provided it is stored correctly in a dry place. The packaging needs to be inspected occasionally to ensure that it is still intact. Luwax LG Flakes is insoluble in water and insoluble or only very sparingly soluble in all conventional organic solvents at room temperature. It is soluble at elevated temperatures in aliphatic, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons and most other solvents that are not too polar. Solutions of Luwax LG Flakes cool to form wax dispersions in the form of a mobile liquid. The following table shows the temperature at which Luwax LG Flakes forms a clear 10 % solution in selected solvents. There is also a cloud point at which the wax begins to recrystallize on cooling. The clear point was measured by redissolving a dispersion of wax crystals in the order to prevent any undissolved pastilles or powder from influencing the results. Solvent Boiling point Clear Cloud (All figures are appoximate) of solvent point point Mineral spirits 140 200 C 65 C 55 C Tetrachloroethylene 121 C 50 C 40 C Toluene 111 C 50 C 40 C Turpentine oil 140 180 C 60 C 45 C
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 4 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes Miscibility Luwax LG Flakes can be blended with many other types of waxes, resins and polymers simply by melting them and the stirring or kneading them together. The compatibility of Luwax LG Flakes with the substances listed below was determined by melting them and mixing them together in the ratios 9 : 1 and 1 : 9. With only three exceptions, a homogenous mixture was formed in solid and liquid form in all cases. 9:1 1:9 Beeswax + + Block paraffin wax + + Candelilla wax + + Carnauba wax + + Crude montan wax + Fischer-Tropsch wax + + Ketone resins (Laropal K types) + + Luwax E + + Luwax LG Flakes + + Luwax LGE Flakes + + Luwax OP Powder/Flakes + Luwax V Flakes + + Microcrystalline wax, hard, plastic + + Microcrystalline wax, oxidized + + Oxidized polyethylene wax + (e. g. Luwax OA Pastilles and Luwax OA2 Pastilles/Powder) Polyisobutylene (Oppanol B types) + + + = Forms homogeneous mixture = Does not form homogeneous mixture Preparing emulsions It is very easy to emulsify Luwax LG Flakes. Very finely divided wax emulsions can be obtained which, providing the emulsifier is added in the correct proportions, dry to form a glossy film. Emulsions can also be prepared from mixtures of hard and soft microcrystalline waxes, oxidized microcrystalline wax, and emulsifiable polyethylene waxes. Anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be used. Emulan OC, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate, is a nonionic emulsifier typically used for Luwax LG Flakes. Emulsions prepared with Emulan OC are very stable at high temperatures. Special amine soaps can be used to prepare anionic emulsions. Soaps can be prepared with amines such as 3-methoxypropylamine, methylpropanolamine, diethylethanolamine and triethanolamine. These anionic wax emulsions differ from nonionic emulsions in that they are more transparent. They appear to take on a brownish colouration because of their particle size: emulsions with an average particle size of less than 100 µm tend to scatter light rather than reflect it. Emulsions are prepared by melting a mixture of wax and emulsifier in hot water. The water can be added to the wax or vice versa. If the water is added to the wax, a water-in-oil emulsion is obtained initially, but the phases are reversed at lower wax concentrations. Alkalis such as the amines listed above are usually added to the melted wax. They can be diluted in advance if necessary with three times their volume of boiling water. Fatty acids can precipitate out of solution in hard water, and this can prevent them forming soaps with the amines. This entails that anionic wax emulsions have to be prepared with soft water. Hard water can be softened with our Trilon types. Nonionic emulsifiers are largely insensitive to water hardness, and nonionic emulsions can be prepared with moderately hard water.
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 5 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes Emulsions prepared from Luwax LG Flakes usually have a final concentration of 12 15 %. Concentrated emulsions with solids contents of up to 30 % can also be prepared, which can then be mixed with other liquids such as polymer dispersions. Concentrated emulsions can also be used to save space and energy. They can be diluted down to their final concentration by quickly heating them to a fairly high temperature and then adding cold water. The usual preservatives have to be added to wax emulsions to prevent them from being attacked by bacteria and fungi. Suggested formulations Nonionic wax emulsions 1 2 Luwax LG Flakes 10.4 8 Paraffin wax 2 (f. p. 52 54 C) Emulan OC 1.6 2 Water 88.0 88 Anionic wax emulsions 3 4 Luwax LG Flakes 13.5 5 Luwax OA Pastilles 5 Hard microcrystalline wax 5 (f. p. 85 92 C) Oleic acid 1.5 1 Diethylethanolamine 1.7 1.5 Water 83.3 82.5 Applications Floor polishes, leather polishes Both anionic and nonionic emulsions of Luwax LG Flakes dry to form glossy films which can be used to protect a variety of substrates. The most important area of application for Luwax LG Flakes is in dry-bright emulsion-type floor polishes. These can be applied to PVC, rubber, asphalt, linoleum, jointless flooring and other types of flooring that are not resistant to solvents. Polishes of this type dry to form a glossy film without having to be buffed. Emulsions of Luwax LG Flakes can also be used in polishes for leather. In both these applications, polishes have to contain polymer dispersions alongside wax emulsions in order to improve the hardness, water resistance, soil resistance and gloss of the film. Acrylic and styrene-acrylic polymer dispersions can be used here. Various additives have to be added to formulations of this type, depending on the type of product. Additives include ammonia-soluble resins to improve wetting, non-volatile plasticizers such as tributoxyethyl phosphate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, volatile plasticizers such as ethylene glycol dimethyl or diethyl esters, levelling agents (fluorinated surfactants), antifoams, detergents and preservatives. Construction, timber, paper and engineering Emulsions prepared from Luwax LG Flakes and large proportions of paraffin wax dry to form tough, water-repellent films. These have a variety of applications. Formwork emulsions Emulsions of Luwax LG Flakes can be applied to wooden and metal forms for concrete. They have the advantage over oils that they do not penetrate into the concrete, which causes difficulties when renderings and finishes are applied. Water repellants for particle board
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 6 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes Wax emulsions are added to the adhesives used to bind particle board to prevent particles of wood from absorbing moisture and swelling. Size for paper Applied to paper in the size press, emulsions of this type give improved water resistance, smoothness and gloss. Temporary protective coatings for metal Emulsions can be applied to new cars and machine parts, etc., to protect them from corrosion during transport and storage. Leather industry Emulsions of Luwax LG Flakes can be used for finishing, milling and calendering leather. Food-contact legislation Luwax LG Flakes is included in the incomplete list of additives in Annex 3 to Commission Directive 2002/72/EC. Safety We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using Luwax LG Flakes for the purposes for which they are intended and from processing them in accordance with current practice. According to the experience we have gained over many years and the other information at our disposal, Luwax LG Flakes do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheet is observed. Note The data contained in this publication are based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may affect processing and application of our product, these data do not relieve processors from carrying out their own investigations and tests; neither do these data imply any guarantee of certain properties, nor the suitability of the product for a specific purpose. Any descriptions, drawings, photographs, data, proportions, weights etc. given herein may change without prior information and do not constitute the agreed contractual quality of the product. It is the responsibility of the recipient of our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed. November 2005
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 7 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes
TI/EVD 1128 e November 2005 Page 8 of 8 Luwax LG Flakes BASF Aktiengesellschaft Performance Chemicals for Detergents and Formulators 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany www.basf.com/detergents-formulators Printed in Germany