Glandular Mechanisms of Salivary Secretion..
Frontiers of Oral Biology Vol. 10 Series Editor R.W.A. Linden, London
Glandular Mechanisms of Salivary Secretion Volume Editors J.R. Garrett, London J. Ekström, Göteborg L.C. Anderson, Seattle, WA 57 figures and 7 tables, 1998
Frontiers of Oral Biology... J.R. Garrett, J. Ekström, L.C. Anderson, PhD, BSc, MBBS MD, PhD DDS, PhD LDS FRCPath, MDLund(Hon.) Department of Pharmacology University of Washington King s College School of Institute of Physiology and School of Dentistry Medicine and Dentistry Pharmacology Department of Oral Biology Department of Oral Pathology/ Göteborg University Seattle, WA (USA) Oral Medicine Box 431 The Rayne Institute SE 405 30 Göteborg (Sweden) 123 Coldharbour Lane London SE5 9NU (UK) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Glandular mechanisms of salivary secretion / volume editors, J.R. Garrett, J. Ekström, L.C. Anderson. (Frontiers of oral biology; vol. 10) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Salivary glands Physiology. 2. Saliva. I. Garrett, J.R. (John Raymond) II. Ekström, Jörgen. III. Anderson, L.C. IV. Series. [DNLM: 1. Salivary Glands physiology. 2. Saliva secretion. W1 FR946GP v. 10 1998 / WI 230 G542 1998] QP191.G58 1998 612.3 13 dc21 ISBN 3 8055 6630 1 (hardcover) Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current ContentsÔ and Index Medicus. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Ó Copyright 1998 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) Printed in Switzerland on acid-free paper by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISBN 3 8055 6630 1
Dedicated to the memory of Nils Emmelin 1914 1997
Contents IX Preface Chapter 1 1 Historical Introduction to Salivary Secretion Garrett, J.R. (London) Chapter 2 21 Microstructure of Mammalian Salivary Glands and Its Relationship to Diet Tandler, B.; Phillips, C.J. (Kitakyushu/Normal, Ill.) Chapter 3 36 Electrophysiological Correlates of Fluid Secretion by Salivary Acini Smith, P.M.; Gallacher, D.V. (Liverpool) Chapter 4 55 Secretion of Electrolytes and Water by Salivary Glands Poulsen, JH (Copenhagen) Chapter 5 73 Secretory Protein Synthesis and Constitutive (Vesicular) Secretion by Salivary Glands Proctor, G.B. (London)
Chapter 6 89 The Dynamics of Exocytosis of Preformed Secretory Granules from Acini in Rat Salivary Glands Segawa, A.; Yamashina, S. (Kanagawa) Chapter 7 101 Autonomic Control of Salivary Blood Flow Edwards, A.V. (Cambridge) Chapter 8 118 Capillary Dynamics in Salivary Glands Smaje, L.H. (London) Chapter 9 132 Myoepithelial Activity in Salivary Glands Garrett, J.R. (London) Chapter 10 153 Movements of Organic Molecules from Blood to Saliva and from Glands to Blood Garrett, J.R. (London) Chapter 11 167 Synthesis and Secretion of Human Salivary Immunoglobulins Brandtzaeg, P. (Oslo) Chapter 12 200 Hormonal Regulation of Salivary Glands, with Particular Reference to Experimental Diabetes Anderson, L.C. (Seattle, Wash.) 222 Subject Index Contents VIII
Preface Many of us who have immersed ourselves in the field of salivary glandular research have gleaned a great deal of understanding about development of knowledge in the field during the last 150 years from three main publications, written by: (1) J.N. Langley (1898); (2) B.P. Babkin (1945), and (3) A.S.V. Burgen and N. Emmelin (1962). No attempt to bring together an understanding of the basic mechanisms within the glands has been made since the last of these publications. The editors, therefore, feel that such a need now exists. The genesis for this book arose during a Physiological Society Meeting in Cambridge a few years back. We soon came to a unanimous decision about the core subjects for the book and the names of the authors we would like to invite to write the chapters. The internationalism created arose as a natural event without any special selection for commercial reasons. Investigation of the glandular mechanisms of salivary secretion took off nearly 150 years ago with Ludwig s discovery in 1850 that stimulation of the chorda-lingual nerve evokes a copious secretion of saliva from the submandibular gland. This generated a considerable amount of work and for the next 125 years nearly all investigations on the subject involved the use of whole glands in whole animal experiments. In recent years the tendency has veered away from this approach to a reductionist one and although very valuable contributions have been and are being made about mechanisms within the cells, a more holistic approach is being neglected. Therefore it is important to place current understanding, based on a more comprehensive approach by experts in the field, in a single book to give a clear idea of knowledge as it stands at the end of the century and to lay foundations for further research. Otherwise the information will remain as widely dispersed individual publications, without an integrated assessment, or worse such studies may simply be overlooked or forgotten. IX
The authors have been encouraged to given personal assessments of present knowledge on the subject matter of their chapters, in readable English and to avoid making catalogues of references, a tendency that is all too rife today. An attempt has been made to standardize terminology, so the more correct adrenoceptor responses has been used throughout rather than adrenergic responses. Pressure from common usage has forced J.R.G. to abandon the more correct intercalary (connecting) duct for the less satisfactory intercalated (connected) duct. And so on We hope this book will fulfil our aims and serve to assist or even create new research. J.R. Garrett J. Ekström L.C. Anderson Preface X