Temporal region temporal & infratemporal fossae Zhou Hong Ying Dept. of Anatomy
Temporal region is divided by zygomatic arch into temporal & infratemporal fossae.
Temporal Fossa
Infratemporal fossa
Temporal Fossa & its contents Sup. & post.:temporal line Ant.:frontal & zygomatic bone Floor:pterion
Temporal fascia temporalis
Borders of the infratemporal fossa
Contents of Infratemporal Fossa muscles: Medial and lateral pterygoid arteries: maxillary a. and branches veins: pterygoid plexus, maxillary v. nerves: Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and chorda tympani nerves and the otic ganglion
Medial and lateral pterygoid
Arteries: Upper Part of External Carotid 1. Posterior auricular artery 2. Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary a. & branches
Branches of Maxillary artery: supply upper & lower jaws, muscles of mastication, nose, palate & meaninges
Middle meningeal artery :divides into an anterior & a posterior branch Relationship:pterion, motor area of cerebral cortex
Pterygoid venous plexus Location: 2 parts--partly between the the temporalis and lateral pterygoid and partly between the two pterygoids connections:facial v. cavernous sinus drains into retromandibular vein via maxillary vein
Nerves: mandibular n. 1. entering infratemporal fossa through foramen ovale 2. supply muscles of mastication 3. tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, & anterior belly of digastric.
1) Lingual n. innervates general sensations of ant. 2/3 of tongue. 2) Inferior alveolar n. enters mandibular canal around center of ramus & supplies mandible, lower teeth. mylohyoid & mental n. 3) Buccal n. supplies skin & mucosa of cheek, & buccal gingivae of posterior lower teeth. 4) Auriculotemporal n. has 2 root looping middle meningeal a.
Branches of mandibular n.
Nerves: mandibular nerve & its branches
Otic ganglion
Chorda tympani and lesser petrosal n.
Pterygopalatine Fossa It is the deepest fossa of face just lateral to nasal cavity. Anterior, maxilla Posterior, pterygoid process Medial, vertical plate of palatine bone Lateral, pterygomaxillary fissure Superior, greater wing Inferior, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Contents 1. Terminal branches of maxillary artery descending palatine artery divides into greater & lesser palatine arteries to supply hard & soft palate respectively. 2. Maxillary nerve enters this fossa through foramen rotundum & runs anteriorly into inferior orbital fissure. Here it is called inferior orbital nerve. V 2 gives: 2 pterygopalatine n. Zygomatic n. superior alveolar n.
contents 3. Pterygopalatine ganglion: it receives preganglionic fibers from facial nerve. postganglionic fibers to innervate: lacrimal gland via zygomatic & lacrimal n. small salivary glands in palate via greater & lesser palatine nerve.
The pterygopalatine (third) part of the maxillary a.
The maxillary nerve
The greater petrosal nerve The deep petrosal nerve
pterygopalatine ganglion
fibers to lacrimal gland via zygomatic & lacrimal n., & small salivary glands in palate via greater & lesser palatine nerve.
Infraorbital nerve Middle superior alveolar n. Anterior superior alveolar n.
Communications Laterally, through pterygomaxillary fissure to infratemporal fossa Medially, through sphenopalatine foramen to nasal cavity Anterosuperiorly, through inferior orbital fissure to orbit Postinferiorly, through pterygoid & pharyngeal canals to upper part of neck Posterosuperiorly, through foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal to middle cranial fossa Inferiorly, through greater & lesser palatine foramina to oral cavity
Communications
Temporomandibular Joint Articular surface Mandibular fossa & articular tubercle on inferior surface of temporal bone Condyle of mandible
Articular capsule Capsule is loose, attaches around the fossa and articular tubercle superiorly. It attaches around neck of mandible inferiorly.
Articular capsule & ligaments Stylomandibular lig. Sphenomandibular lig.
Articular disc & cavity
Movements Because 2 condyles are connected by body of mandible, so TMJ of 2 sides act as a whole. Depression (open mouth) Elevation (occlusion, close mouth) Protrusion (protraction) Retrusion (retraction) Lateral movement dislocation
Dissection