S17 Strategies to Control Foodborne Pathogens: Focus on Campylobacter in Broilers. An Update about the Different State-of-the-Art Methods to Control Campylobacter in Broilers: The European Project CAMPYBRO Dr. Pedro Medel IMASDE AGROALIMENTARIA SL www.e-imasde.eu Athens, 12/05/2016 1
INDEX 1.Introduction 2.Pre harvest measures 3.Post harvest measures 4.Conclusions
Campylobacter is on fashion 3
Campylobacteriosis EU, 2014 EFSA Journal 2015;13(12):4329, 191 pp. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4329 4
Regulation proposal Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 is amended as follows: In Chapter 2, Row 2.1.9 is added: "2.1.9 Poultry carcases of broilers Campylobac ter spp. 50 ( 5 ) 10 (11) From 1.1.2018 c=7 From 1.1.2020 c=5 1000 cfu/g ISO/TS 10272-2 Carcases chilling after Improvements in slaughter hygiene and review of process controls, origin of animals and of the biosecurity measures in the farms of origin" neck skins from a minimum of 15 poultry carcases shall be sampled at random after chilling during each sampling session. A piece consisting of minimum 10 g of neck skin shall be obtained from each poultry carcase the neck skin samples from three poultry carcases from the same flock of origin shall be pooled in order to form 5 x 25 g final samples once per week 5
CARCASS-CECAL CONTAMINATION RELATIONSHIP Slope:1 6
CARCASS-CECAL CONTAMINATION RELATIONSHIP Slope:0.66 7
CARCASS-CECAL CONTAMINATION RELATIONSHIP Slope:0.33 8
CAMPYBRO PROJECT Biosafety Management PRE-HARVEST Nutrition Vaccine POST-HARVEST Transport Slaughterhouse Packaging Feed form Additives Phages Retail Consumers 9
INDEX 1.Introduction 2.Pre harvest measures 3.Post harvest measures 4.Conclusions
Genetic diversity among farms 11
Genetic diversity among farms 12
Genetic diversity within a farm 13
Genetic diversity along the food chain 14
Genetic diversity along the food chain 15
Pre-harvest: No vertical transmission 16
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity www.camcon.eu 17
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity 18
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity Access to barn: Boot change. Specific utensils for each barn. www.camcon.eu Clean and dirty area. Dead animals withdrawal 19
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity Flies control Nets 20
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity Biosecurity + flynets Thinning Cerdá et al., 2015 21
Pre-harvest: flies role CHRO, 2013 22
Pre-harvest: Management Decrease in slaughtering age Commercial impact/differences between countries Useful for Summer High prevalence farms 23
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity Cleaning and disinfecting program Infection is not predictable from the C. jejuni status of the last flock in the house, as negative flocks can follow positive flocks (Berndtson et al., 1996a; Evans and Sayers 2000) and vice versa. Positive flocks can occur in newly constructed broiler houses (Gregory and others 1997). However, there was a higher risk of positive infection status if the test result of the farm for the previous flock was Campylobacter-positive (OR = 1.60) (Chowdhury et al., 2012). 24
Pre-harvest: Management Homogeneity 25
Pre-harvest: thinning 26
Pre-harvest: Biosecurity The risk of C. jejuni introduction increases with the number of broiler houses, facilitated by farm staff travelling between houses. Other neighboring livestock on the farm increases the risk of C. jejuni-positive flocks Presence of cattle within 5 km of the broiler farm increases the percentage of positive flocks (OR = 6.7) (Laberge et al., 2006) The presence of (Bouwknegt et al., 2004) Other farm animals on the farm (OR = 1.88), Presence of animals on farms within 1 km (OR = 9.56), Logistic slaughtering Kit >7 Log10UFC/g 27
Diet manipulation 9d p.i. 28
Pelleting y particle size Gracia et al., 2015 29
Whole wheat and oat hulls Gracia et al., 2015 30
Probiotics 31
Plant extracts 32
Acidification: MCFA De los Santos et al., 2009 33
Acidification: MCFA Control Capric acid With mucus De los Santos et al., 2009 34
Single additives 35
MCFA and Monoglycerides 36
Product combination 42d Casabuena et al., 2015 37
Vaccine development A recombinant Salmonella bacterium [ ] is capable of eliciting an immune response against at least two enteric pathogens in addition to at least one Salmonella serotype Anivax is seeking funds, scientific expertise and production capabilities to continue theusda approval progress. Anivax s Campylobacter vaccine has been developed through research at the University of Arizona CALS,Arizona State University Biodesign Institute and Washington University (St. Louis). 38
Vaccine development CHRO, 2015 39
INDEX 1.Introduction 2.Pre harvest measures 3.Post harvest measures 4.Conclusions
Slaughterhouse comparison 41
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection +/- + + - - 42
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection 43
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection 3 water chilling baths 44
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection 45
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection 46
Slaughterhouse evolution of infection 47
Slaughterhouse recommendations Pre harvest measures to decrease the Cecal counts Cleanliness of the birds Litter management Fasting time + transport and holding time: 12h Stunning Gas Homogeneity (fattening by sex?) Scalding water temperature Multiple tank if possible Highest without skin problems Renovation or pasteurization between batches/work shift if possible 48
Slaughterhouse recommendations Unplucking process Adjustment of machine Avoid press the carcasses (fecal output) Evisceration Adjustment of machine Special care with carcasses with visible contamination 49
Slaughterhouse recommendations Chilling process Key point to decrease the contamination 0,5-1 log 10 CFU/g Air chilling better than water chilling (desiccation) [without disinfectants] 50
Ad-hoc steps to reduce Campylobacter Rapid surface chilling: Crust freezing In continuous 1mm Liquid nitrogen -196ºC -1 log 51
Ad-hoc steps to reduce Campylobacter Domínguez, 2015 52
Other measures Freezing carcasses Roasted chicken Skin and neck withdrawal 53
Roasted without manipulation 54
www.campybro.eu 55
Food safety Animal welfare Animal health Environment