INTRODUCTION It takes energy to: operate muscles get rid of waste make new cells send signals from the brain to the muscles INTRODUCTION During training chemical reactions in the cells escalates increasing the demand for energy adenosine triphosphate adenosine Every cell has its own store of power hosphate groups INTRODUCTION During training chemical reactions in the cells escalates increasing the demand for energy Every cell has its own store of power Cells can only store a small amount of AT - enough to fuel about 2 seconds of activity
INTRODUCTION It s worth knowing a bit about how this rechargeable AT battery works because it will help you understand how training improves the way the athlete uses and recharges it WHAT YOU WILL LEARN A A After reviewing this module you will: Describe the structure of AT and how energy is extracted from the AT molecule Name and describe the three AT production mechanisms HOW THE AT BATTERY WORKS A
HOW THE AT BATTERY WORKS A Adenosine diphosphate THE RECHARGING MECHANISMS An energy source is needed to reform AT Comes from food we eat hosphocreatine (C or Cr) glycolysis (acid byproduct) Cr RECHARGING MECHANISM Muscle is comprised of sarcomeres The nervous system signals the sarcomeres to contract AT is needed Low powered AD must be reformed into AT
Cr RECHARGING MECHANISM No O2 C (alactic) Needs O2 Energy for muscle contraction Cr RECHARGING MECHANISM NO C (alactic) Fastest AT production Byproduct Often called AT-C energy system Alactic energy system Cr RECHARGING MECHANISM C (alactic) Creatine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in meat and fish The body makes creatine in the liver, kidney and pancreas 98% of creatine is found in skeletal muscle
Cr RECHARGING MECHANISM C (alactic) Creatine is a naturally occurring amino acid found in meat and fish The body makes creatine in the liver, kidney and pancreas 98% of creatine is found in skeletal muscle Very fast Very high power Quite fast Reasonable power C (alactic) Energy for muscle contraction Glucose molecule Glycolysis
Very fast Very high power Quite fast Reasonable power C (alactic) Glycolysis produces more AT than the Cr energy system Energy for muscle contraction Slightly slower rate involves more chemical reactions Very fast Very high power Quite fast Reasonable power C (alactic) Both these processes are anaerobic Energy for muscle contraction Glucose yruvate AT yruvateat AT AT
Glucose lactic yruvate acid lactic yruvate acid AT AT AT AT Glucose lactic acid lactic acid AT AT AT AT Fast glycolysis, or lactic acid producing glycolysis is called fast glycolysis glycolysis Important source of power when Cr is low 400 m runners
When pyruvate is cleared it is referred to as slow glycolysis or aerobic glycolysis. High intensity time frame AT-C and lactate producing glycolysis can fuel high intensity work up to 60-to-90 seconds Up to 3 mins when the intensity of the exercise is reduced slightly Glucose is stored in the liver and skeletal muscle in the form of glycogen Can last between 1-2 hours at a moderate exercise intensity
AEROBIC AT RODUCTION No O2 C (alactic) yruvate moves into mitochondria Needs O2 Energy for muscle contraction Requires support from the heart, lungs and blood vessels (CV system) AEROBIC AT RODUCTION Inner membrane Outer membrane AEROBIC AT RODUCTION H+ flow H+ reservoir AT synthase AT Turbine Intermembrane
AND AEROBIC SYSTEM No O2 C (alactic) Needs O2 Energy for muscle contraction AND AEROBIC SYSTEM It takes 30 seconds for the aerobic energy system to become the main source of energy. C (alactic) AND AEROBIC SYSTEM glycolysis refers to the transfer of pyruvate into the mitochondria glycolysis
AND AEROBIC SYSTEM No build up of acid conditions in the cell AND AEROBIC SYSTEM The aerobic energy system allows the muscles to keep working for extended periods of time AND AEROBIC SYSTEM
AND AEROBIC SYSTEM Hitting the wall AND AEROBIC SYSTEM ENERGY SYSTEM TIMING There is an interplay between the three energy systems They work together to provide AT for the muscles They gear up to speed at different times Use different sources of fuel AT-C (alactic)
ENERGY SYSTEM TIMING No O2 C (alactic) Needs O2 Don t produce much AT Run out of fuel or create acidic environment ENERGY SYSTEM TIMING AT-C Lactic 5 10 ENERGY SYSTEM TIMING AT-C Lactic 5 10
ENERGY SYSTEM TIMING AT-C Lactic 30 50 5 100 10 ENERGY SYSTEM REVIEW AT consists of adenosine Linked to 3 phosphate groups By high energy chemical bonds ADENOSINE ENERGY SYSTEM REVIEW Creatine ADENOSINE 6-8 seconds of intense activity
ENERGY SYSTEM REVIEW Glucose ADENOSINE Glycogen ENERGY SYSTEM REVIEW Glucose H+ ADENOSINE H+ ENERGY SYSTEM REVIEW +Oxygen Carbohydrate Fats CO 2 ADENOSINE rotein CO 2 CO 2