SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (INFECTIONS)

HIV/AIDS - TRANSMISSION Sexual intercourse Anal, oral, & vaginal Multiple partners Sharing needles Mother to infant Born or breast milk Blood transfusions Open wounds Kissing person with mouth sores Bitten by a person with AIDS Sharp Object

HIV/AIDS SYMPTOMS EARLY STAGES OF HIV Fever (this is the most common symptom) Swollen glands Sore throat Rash Fatigue Muscle and joint aches and pains Headache

HIV/AIDS SYMPTOMS CLINICAL LATENCY STAGES OF HIV Asymptomatic Only way to know if you have it is to get tested!

HIV/AIDS SYMPTOMS AIDS Rapid weight loss Recurring fever or profuse night sweats Extreme and unexplained tiredness Prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week Sores of the mouth, anus, or genitals Pneumonia Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

HIV/AIDS - TREATMENT Drugs "The Cocktail" Antiretrovirals (ARVs) Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART or ART) There are 5 different "classes" of HIV drugs. Each class of drug attacks the virus at different points in its life cycle so if you are taking HIV meds, you will generally take 3 different antiretroviral drugs from 2 different classes. This regimen is standard for HIV care and it s important. That s because no drug can cure HIV

HIV/AIDS OTHER INFO HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) The first report in the US was in 1981 The virus destroys the body s ability to fight off infections People with HIV are highly susceptible to many opportunistic infections

HIV/AIDS OTHER INFO A person's biological sex classification (eg, male, female), as well as the social roles associated with each biological sex category (gender), influence other risk factors for HIV/AIDS. Men Anatomy of penis (heterosexuals) Masculinity = multiple sex partners and coercion abuse alcohol and drugs

HIV/AIDS OTHER INFO Women Anatomy of the vagina Femininity = virgin until marriage Denial of access to HIV education and belief that women should be sexually Gender-based violence Women are 2 to 4 times more likely to contract HIV during unprotected vaginal intercourse than men

HIV/AIDS OTHER INFO ORIGIN Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of HIV infection in humans. Chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus (called simian immunodeficiency virus or SIV) transmitted to humans Mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood.

HIV/AIDS OTHER INFO ORIGIN Earliest known case of infection HIV-1 in a human was detected in a blood sample collected in 1959 from a man in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. How he became infected is not known. Genetic analysis of this blood sample suggested that HIV-1 may have stemmed from a single virus in the late 1940s or early 1950s.

CHLAMYDIA TRANSMISSION Oral, vaginal, or anal sex If you touch your eyes with a contaminated hand During vaginal birth mother to the infant

CHLAMYDIA SYMPTOMS USUALLY THERE AREN T ANY! Women with symptoms may notice An abnormal vaginal discharge; A burning sensation when urinating. Symptoms in men can include A discharge from their penis; A burning sensation when urinating; Pain and swelling in one or both testicles (although this is less common).

CHLAMYDIA TREATMENT Antibiotics (because it s bacterial)

CHLAMYDIA OTHER INFO What happens: Genital discharge Burning with urination If untreated in women, may lead to PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) This causes ectopic pregnancy and infertility

CHLAMYDIA PICTURES

CHLAMYDIA PICTURE ELEPHANTITIS

GONORRHEA TRANSMISSION Anal, vaginal, or oral sex Mother can pass it to her baby during childbirth

GONORRHEA SYMPTOMS Sometimes NONE APPEAR Men: A burning sensation when urinating; A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis; Painful or swollen testicles (although this is less common). Women: Painful or burning sensation when urinating; Increased vaginal discharge; Vaginal bleeding between periods.

GONORRHEA SYMPTOMS Rectal: Discharge Anal itching; Soreness Bleeding Painful bowel movements

GONORRHEA TREATMENT Antibiotics (bacterial) It is becoming harder to treat some gonorrhea, as drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing

GONORRHEA OTHER INFO 75% of all reported cases of gonorrhea is found in 15-19 age range Complications in women infertility, ectopic pregnancy, PID (pelvic inflammatory diseases) Can be diagnosed by Urine samples A smear of the discharge from penis or vagina Swab smear of cervix

GONORRHEA PICTURES CERVIX

GONORRHEA PICTURES - DISCHARGE

GONORRHEA PICTURES OF THE EYE

GONORRHEA PICTURES SKIN LESION

HEPATITIS B TRANSMISSION Birth (spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth) Sex with an infected partner Sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment Sharing items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person Direct contact with the blood or open sores of an infected person Exposure to blood from needlesticks or other sharp instruments

HEPATITIS B SYMPTOMS ACUTE Fever Fatigue Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal pain Dark urine Clay-colored bowel movements Joint pain Jaundice (yellow color in the skin or the eyes)

HEPATITIS B SYMPTOMS CHRONIC Ongoing symptoms similar to acute Hepatitis B Most remain symptom free for as long as 20 or 30 years About 15% 25% develop serious liver conditions, such as cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) or liver cancer.

HEPATITIS B TREATMENT There is no cure! (viral) Prevention: Vaccinations Abstinence The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.

HUMAN PAPILLOMA (HPV)/ GENITAL WARTS TRANSMISSION Oral, vaginal, or anal sex Skin to skin contact Nearly all sexually active men and women get it at some point in their lives

HUMAN PAPILLOMA (HPV)/ GENITAL WARTS SYMPTOMS No apparent symptoms of HPV itself but for genital warts Usually appear as hard painless bumps in the vaginal area, on the penis, or around the anus If untreated, they can keep growing This virus can lead to cervical cancer in women

HUMAN PAPILLOMA (HPV)/ GENITAL WARTS TREATMENT There isn t one! (viral) Make the visible warts to disappear, but that is it

HUMAN PAPILLOMA (HPV)/ GENITAL WARTS PICTURES

SYPHILIS TRANSMISSION Anal, vaginal, or oral sex Sores can be found on the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, or on the lips and in the mouth It travels from the initial ulcer (sore) of an infected person to the skin or mucous membranes (linings) of the genital area, mouth, or anus of another person. It can also be passed through broken skin on other parts of the body From mother to unborn child

SYPHILIS SYMPTOMS Primary Syphilis (stage one): an ulcer called a chancre, it is painless and may occur inside the body- can occur on cervix, tongue, lips or other body parts Secondary Syphilis (stage two): skin rash, with brown sores, this appears after the chancre sore, mild fever, fatigue, headaches Tertiary Syphilis (stage three)- bacteria damages the heart, eyes, brain, nervous system, bones, joints, and almost any other parts of the body Could result in mental illness, blindness, heart disease, and death

SYPHILIS TREATMENT First & Second stage curable by antibiotics (bacterial) Third stage not curable

SYPHILIS PICTURES

SYPHILIS PICTURES ANUS

SYPHILIS PICTURES

HERPES TRANSMISSION Anal, vaginal, or oral sex Type 2- (HSV-2)- it is the main cause of genital herpes Type 1 (HSV- 1)- the main cause of oral herpes lesions (fever blisters or cold sores)

HERPES SYMPTOMS Most of the time there are NO SYMPTOMS! Both produce sores (called lesions) in and around the vaginal area, penis, anal opening, buttocks or thighs. The sores usually begin as a rash of red bumps, then the bumps lead to blisters

HERPES TREATMENT Not curable! (viral)

HERPES OTHER INFO 1 out of 5 of the total adolescent and adult population are infected with HSV-2 Young teen stats are on the rise! You can infect someone when you have active sores or not!! Women get it more often than men. Herpes on the tongue Oral herpes usually shows on lips but, rarely it can produce sores on your tongue. White rim and red center most likely a canker sore If the sore does not heal in about a week or two (or becomes significantly worse) you should go to the doctor and get it evaluated

HERPES PICTURES PRIMARY

HERPES PICTURES RECURRENT

HERPES PICTURES FEMALE

HERPES PICTURES FEMALE CERVIX

TRICHOMONIASIS TRANSMISSION Anal, vaginal, or oral sex Only infects penis or vagina, not hands, mouth, or other areas Can be passed from penis to anus, penis to vagina or vagina to vagina

TRICHOMONIASIS SYMPTOMS About 70% of infected people do not have any signs or symptoms. Men itching or irritation inside the penis burning after urination or ejaculation discharge from the penis. Women itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals discomfort with urination thin discharge with an unusual smell that can be clear, white, yellowish, or greenish.

TRICHOMONIASIS TREATMENT Antibiotics (bacterial) About 1 in 5 people get infected again within 3 months after treatment Trichomoniasis is considered the most common curable STD. In the United States an estimated 3.7 million people have the infection

STD FACTS Estimating can be hard due to the fact that most STD s can be silent causing no noticeable symptoms People living in the US with an incurable STDover 65 million CDC estimates that 19 million new cases of STDs occur annually in the US. Two-thirds of all STD s occur in people 25 years old or YOUNGER! ¼ of new STD infections occur in teenagers An estimated 1 in 4 Americans have genital herpes- yet at least 80% of those are unaware they have it

STD FACTS One in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their life Overall, herpes is the most common STD in the US Less than half of adults ages 18-44 have ever been tested for an STD other than HIV/AIDS Most common in IL CDC website IL diagram

PREVENTION Have a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner Use (consistently and correctly) a male latex or female polyurethane condom and topical microbicides Use sterile needles if injecting intravenous drugs Decrease susceptibility to HIV infections by preventing and controlling other STDs

PREVENTION Delay having sexual relationships as long as possible Have regular checkups for HIV and STDs Learn the symptoms of STDs and seek medical help as soon as possible if any symptoms develop Avoid having sexual intercourse during menstruation Avoid anal intercourse, or use a male latex condom and topical microbicides Avoid douching

FINAL THOUGHT The only sure way to not get an STD or HIV/AIDS is Abstinence!