S USE F CRN, BARLEY, AND WHEAT WITH R WITHUT FAT IN BRILER RATINS By G, H. Arscott Miscellaneous Paper 5 January 957 Agricultural Experiment Station regon State College Corvallis
USE F CRN, BARLEY, AND WHEAT WITH R WITHUT FAT IN BRILER RATINS By G. H. Arscottl/ Comparative feeding trials involving the possible replacement value of barley or wheat for corn are useful, particularly if locally available grain is favorably priced in relation to corn which constitutes a major ingredient of present-day broiler feeds. Little information is available regarding the replacement value of barley for corn in broiler rations particularly in the presence of added animal fat. Arscott (955 and 956) has reported that barley may replace up to one-half the corn in a broiler ration when % animal fat is added to the diet without adversely influencing growth and feed efficiency as compared with an all-corn ration containing no added fat. In the presence of higher levels of barley, however, litter condition deteriorated due to increased water intake and excretion. Sanford (956) with comparative studies involving barley, corn, milo, oats, and wheat reported that broilers converted feed most efficiently when wheat comprised 6% of the diet. Maximum growth was obtained when a similar amount of corn was used. n the other hand, barley exerted an adverse effect on both growth and feed conversion. The presence of added animal fat in the feed was not indicated. Procedure The experimental plan involved eight lots of sexed day-old broilers, fed rations in which barley, corn, wheat, and / corn + / barley constituted the gpund grain component both in the presence and absence of % animal fat./ This plan was repeated three times with 4 New Hampshire chicks of mixed sex used in each of the first two experiments ( and ) and 84 Delaware chicks of mixed sex in the third experiment (). Experiments and were of 8 weeks'duration while experiment was of 9 weeks' length. The broilers were housed in a building equipped with force draft ventilation; raised on floor pens containing wood planer shavings with approximately square foot of floor space per bird; and brooded under infrared heat lamps with 4-hour lights. Feed and water were available continuously. / Assistant Poultry Husbandman, Agricultural Experiment Station, regon State College. / "Calogen" stabilized with "Tenox R".
The ration used is shown in table le Additional soybean meal protein was added to rations containing % fat to keep the protein constant between fat treatments. Barley and wheat replaced corn on a pound-for-pound basis, The broilers were weighed at 4, 8 $ or 9 weeks of age. Feed consumption data were recorded with adjustments made for mortality. Results The results of the three experiments are summarized in tables and, Data for individual experiments are given in table 4, A sig. nificant improvement in growth and feed conversion was observed when % animal fat was included in the ration, The replacement of corn by wheat resulted in comparable growth but slightly reduced feed utilizations either in the presence or absence of % animal fat. Substitution of all the corn ration by barley brought about decreased growth and greater feed intake. Litter condition was adversely affected with the higher barley level, In the absence of fat a slight decrease ingrowth and a somewhat greater increase in food consumption was observed when barley replaced one-half the corn in the ration. This trend was reversed in the presence of fat to the extent that this treatment compared favorably with either corn treatment. Summary Three experiments have been conducted involving a total of,84 broiler chicks housed in floor pens. The following observations were made: () % animal fat brought about a marked improvement in growth and feed conversion. () Wheat could effectively replace corn without materially affecting growth and only slightly increasing feed consumption, () Barley could not effectively replace all the corn in a ration, but comparable growth and feed consumption data were obtained when barley replaced one-half the corn in the presence of %. animal fat. References Arscott, G.H. L. E. Johnson, and J, E, Parker, 955. The use of barley in high-efficiency broiler rations.. The influence of methionine, grit, and stabilized animal fat on efficiency of utilization, Poultry Sci. 4:655. Arscotts G, -, 956. Use of barley and fat in mash or pellet form in broiler rations. Poultry Sol. 5:. Sanford, P. E., 956, The effects of kinds of rations on carcass quality in poultry. Feedstuffs 8:(7)8.
Table. Composition of Experimental Rations Animal Fat n edient Ground grain,9omponent Prime tallo-i Soybean meal, sol., 44% protein Fish meal, herring, 7% Corn gluten meal Whey, dried Alfalfa meal, sun cured, 5% protein DL.Methionine (98%) Bone meal, st., sp. Limestone flour Salt, iodized Choline chloride (5%) Vitamin A, dry (, U.S.P.U./gm.) Vitamin D, dry (,5 I.C.U./gm.) Riboflavin concentrate(8 'mg./gm.) Antibiotic-B supplement ( gm. procaine penicillin and mg. vit. B/b. % % Per cent 6,5 57.55..7, 5.o.,5..5.5.5...5.5.7.5 p./ lbs. Manganese sulfate (7%) Ca-pantothenate concentrate (7.5 mg./gm.) Niacin Sulfaquinoxaline Stabilized with Tenox R. 8..6. 7.
Table. Effect of Corn, Wheat, Barley, and Fat on Body Weight. Mm Body veiet_ilbs,) Grain Co=onent Fat Corn Wheat Barley - MN/ % % (4)/.67 (4),46 (7).6 (4).78 (4).75 (44).57 (6),78 (9).69 5 Ura means-'.74.7.5.7.. Fat Mean.4/.6,7 L.S.D. (.5) =.6 lbs. / Survivors ljt L.S.D. (.5) =. Table. Effect of Corn, Wheat, Barley., and Fat on Feed Utilization Grain Component Corn Wheat Barley - Fat Meansgi j L.S.D. (.5) =.4. L.S.D. 4.) =.7 Fat $.67.7 k8..84 Feed/unit wt. Grain meana/. 49.58. 54.85..48 Nay...,59
Table 4. Effect of Barley, Corn, Wheats and Fat on Growth and Feed Utilization Treatment Grain Component Average data Fat Exp't. Body wt. No. Survivors Feed/unit Performance wt. efficiency Corn Barley Wheat Lbs..-, Lbs. 4 98 6 9 (.69) 6 48 8 I76E (.78) 4 6 48 (.67) 5 -'.4-a (.75) 49 44 48 _- 5.4 48 46 9 9 5 (.57) 99 4 75 6 95 9 (.6) I6 (.78).5 98..44.5.6.74.8.7.7 5 46 WA.' 75 G67.6 8.55 7:7 8 (.46).58 46 4 48 44.58.6 TM 8..99 4.5.6 77,8.69.98.89 T:8 9,.6.79 yol 9...66, FIT.