CHAPTE - 4 ATI-MICBIAL ACTIVITY
Anti-microbial activity 159 Brief Introduction: The General of the micro-organisms control to prevent transmission of disease and infection, in order to avoid contamination of the undesirable micro-organisms and to stop decomposition of materials, micro-organisms, micro-organisms of the control can be suppressed or killed by their use of physical and chemical agents and antibiotics is designed to test antimicrobial activity of the compounds to study is to assess the anti-microbial activity of known antibiotics and an understanding of its specific action [389]. People who are closely affected the activities of micro-organisms, they are employed in the manufacturing of dairy products, certain types of food, and in dealing with some of the material of the clothing, and the preparation of certain drugs and treatments, and some of the chemicals and many other methods. In addition to these benefits, micro-organisms are harmful to human beings in many of the [390-392], can cause disease directly, or through their livestock and crops. All of the species Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and E. Coli pathogenicity, subtilillis Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus caused the wounds of the septic tanks and the barn, they cause the most acute pyogenic lesions in human, staphylo Staphylococcus aureus cause tonsillitis, pharyngitis, Sinusitis and pneumonia, these species can also cause diarrhea or gastroenteritis, particularly in infants, children and adults, can also cause urinary tract infections, infection and sepsis pyogenic. E. coli cause urinary tract infection, abscesses, meningitis and sepsis. Some of the synthetic imidazolone derivaties, isoxazolone derivatives,pyrazolone derivatives, pyrimidin 2-thione derivatives and pyrimidin 2-one derivatives, including the research and testing, the anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Anti-microbial filter of the above compounds in the agar-cup to the +ve bacteria and staphylo Staphylococcus aureus and - ve bacteria such as E. coli, and anti-fungal activity of compounds and Saul with fungal species Candida Albicans. Bacteria: In 1928, a German scientist C. E. Chrenberg first use of bacteria refers to the micro-organisms, as a relatively simple and original cellular organization called procarytic. Gram, 1884, and found that the famous coloring all categories in the bacteria divided into two Gram Positive and negative.
160 The gram-positive bacteria decolourization esist the United States and aid Korea and acetone, alcohol and is still deep purple (methyl violet), and the -egative bacteria are bleaching. micro-organisms can produce disease, a host is known as pathogenic, most of the micro-organisms exist in skin and mucous membranes, non-pathogenic, and is often called the commensals, or they may be saprophytes. In general, low-pathogenic cocci Gram Positive bacilli and pathogenic is the negative. The evaluation of anti-microbial activity in the present study, we used the Staphylococcus aureus, from the active group of bacteria, E. coli bacteria from the negative group of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus. Genus: - Staphylococcus anaerobes, Staphylococcus aureus, concession, and all of them have a oxidative stress and fermentative metabolism of type, they are parasites, cells of the discovery, Staphylococcus aureus is usually on the skin of the mucous membrane of the animal s body, and in particular the nose and mouth, and they will be in a large number even in normal conditions. Species: Staphylococcus aureus A single cell of the S. Aureus is 0.8 to 0.9 microns in diameter. They are ovoid or spherical, non-motile, non-capsulated, non-sporing, stains, and ordinary benzidine dyes and the positive, the general arrangements for the Group or the non-formal sector culture to find grapes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, single or in pairs, and the optimum temperature, the growth is 37 0 C, best ph value is 7.4 to 7.6, and they have a golden brown color, and develop the best in room temperature, and cause wound infections, infections, toxic shock syndrome, cooking, carbuclesinfantil impetigo, internal abscesses and food poisoning of the human and bovine mastitis.
E. coli: 161 Genus: Escherichia This consists of several varieties and has a special interest, because of their sanitarin usually occurs in the gut of normal men and animals, their food or drinking water may indicate that septic tank pollution. coli is most clearly recognized the septic tank species. Species: E. coli Eschirichia Coli content is the most important one, which is legal, eschirichia in 1885 found that it s in the droppings of the newborn, the intestinal bacteria was born within 3 days after, and also to find the sewage, water and soil pollution of the stool materials. The under-par 2 to 4 micron 0.4 micron size, and is generally regarded as the coccobacillary forms, and form a very small, and They are facultative anaerobes and grow in all laboratory media. and colonies were circular, raised, and smooth and a stool smell. E. coli is not generally pathogenic, because implicated pathogens in some cases some species have been found to cause gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection and sepsis, such pathogens is a recognized veterinary. Fungi: The fungus is a group eucaryotic organisms, they are a wall at Stanley Lingzhi spore bearing, and the lack chlorophyll and the general, and reproduce both asexually. fungi have a number of different shapes, and they make up the mold and yeast, mold is the filamentous Ø and more cellular, and yeast is usually a one-way cellular, fungi need to be organic compounds, can be used for nutrition, and saprophytic fungi breaks down complex plants and animals of the body to release more simple material, and increase the fertility of the soil, and saprophytic fungi are useful in industrial fermentation, it would not be desirable, they break down wood, textiles and food, fungi can cause disease in plants, humans and other animals is called a parasite. fungal disease is less common in human and other animal and bacterial and viral diseases, but they will cause a variety of plant diseases that are affected by the Economic losses.
162 Candida Albicans: Species Candida Albicans of the class belongs to deuteromycetes. Candida ablicans is a yeast of special interest, because it is often isolated blooded animals, including human, Candida albicans is present, a part of normal plants of the mucous membranes, and in some cases it will become pathogenic and cause candidiasis, Candida disease is an infection of the mouth mucosa, vagina and digestive tract infections, heart, blood, and brain can also be involved in the case of the high infection, Candida Albicans forms pseudomycelia, chlanydospores blastospores and asexual reproduction. Candida is able to carry out aerobic respiration growth in 37 0 C Sabourad using the agar, slightly acidic ph is 5.6. The following sabourad agar in the maltose, research anti-fungal activities are employed. Ingradient Grams/liter Peptone 10.00 Maltose 40.00 Agar 15.00 ph 5.6 Identify the technologies biological: Identify the organisms through the following stains the[ 393,394]: 1. Periodic acid Schiff technology company. 2. Gram stains. 3. Zeil elson acid fast stains. 4. Lactophenol, cotton blue stains for fungi. Assessment methods: The following conditions must be met for screening antimicrobial activity. 1. There should be a close contact with the test organisms and substances for evaluation. 2. The condition should be provided of the micro-organisms. 3. Conditions, which should be the same throughout the study. 4. A sterile/aseptic environment should be maintained.
163 Various methods have been used from time to time several of the Employees etraining Scheme assessment anti-bacterial activities. The [385,396] assessment work can be done by following the method [397]. 1. Turbidometric method. 2. Agar dilution wins 3. Serial dilution method 4. Agar Proliferation Act Use the following methods to agar diffusion method 1. Agar Cup method 2. Agar ditch method 3. Paper disc method In the present study, agar Cup method is used to assess the anti-microbial activity of the total and the selected synthetic heterocyclic compounds. Agar Cup method: In this way, different test samples for the study of a type of test culture. equirements: A sterile -agar plate, sterile soft agar melting, different test sample solutions of heterocyclic compounds, 70 percent of alcohol, and the cup-shaped worms, 24-hour pause old culture of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and sterile 1ML suction tube. Lab: Sample Preparation: Microbiological activities have been carried out using 4% (w/v), and synthetic acid compound in water and DMF. Culture and Media Studies of the anti-microbial activity [398,399] Some of the media as follows is used to prepare inoculum anti-bacteral research. Beef extract : 03 gm Peptone : 10 gm Glucose : 23 gm Distilled water : 1000 ml ph : 7.5
164 The oxoid nutrient agar plate media with the following components are used to tilt, and templates. Beef extract : 03gm Peptone : 10gm Glucose : 23gm Agar : 20gm Distyilled water : 1000ml ph : 7.5 The number of all of the components of the dissolution and Freshly prepared hot distilled water. To study antifungal activity sabourud smaltose Agar medium as discribed earlier was used. Disinfection: Sterilization of culture media, culture, and other materials are in the high-pressure steam sterilization 15 psi pressure for 15 minutes, Petri dish sterilization is in the night, at a electrically heated oven 140 0 C. To prepare the nutrient panel: 20 ml of this disinfection process media in Petri dishes each sterilized 4-inch diameter and allows consolidation. inoculum preparation: The inoculum is prepared by transferring a loopful organisms corresponding inventory from culture to a sterile soup and plates were incubated at 37 0 C and within 24-hours, biomass is subcultured in nutrient agar tilt to prepare the inoculum with the colony in sterile distilled water, and prepare a pause. A sterile in vitro melting soft agar (about 6 ML) and cooled to 45 0 C and vaccination 0.2 ML suspension, in the cultural mix thoroughly and pour them into the petridish contains sterile - agar, consolidate 5 minutes. Cups of worms are sterile soak it to 70% of the alcohol, burning it, and then let it cool down, and in a sterile Cup holes, 4 holes of the agar in the one of the important benchmarks, and the cup with the 0 ML, test samples of the test solution and the sample is that it allows diffuse for 10 to 15 minutes in the refrigerator, is born in 37 0 C 24 hours, day 2 is suppressed around the area of observation to each cup, decorated in the graphical and tabular form.
165 Standard Drug. such as penicillin and Kanamycin used as a standard drug (4% (w/v) in water and DMF in the present study. Anti-fungal activity, perform the following steps: Candida albicans is employed to test anti-fungal activity is the cup method, and keep the culture of the agar sabouraud Tilt. Disinfection sabouraud agar maltose media is vaccination 72 hours 0.5 ML suspension of the fungal spores bottle in a separate about 25 ML to evenly in the media of the petridish and allows you to set for 24 hours, cups (10 mm) diameter of the hole, and replace the petridish 0.04 ml (40 mg) of the solution of the compound in DMF and water in Petri dishes at 30 0 C within 48 hours of the completion of the incubation period, the growth of the suppression in the form of mm in diameter measurement and test the solution in each petridish 0 cup filled with solvent, because the behavior of the Control area, the suppression of the graphic. Standard Drug. Baycor. 25 W. P, amphotericine is used as a standard drug (4% (w/v) in water and DMF in the present study. ecord and interpret the results. After hatching, the region of suppression to the measurement of the help of a manifold to the nearest millimeter, all in the lab to be a duplicate of each of the test samples the average suppression area of the participants noted that the graphics and tables.
166 ESULT AD DISCUSSI: From the experimental data, shown in the form of graphs and tables, it is observed that compounds, are all tested and can inhibit growth of the gram-positive and gram- negative bacterial species and C. albicans. It is found that the synthesized compounds belonging to imidazolone derivatives show good activity against E. coli but are less active or inactive against S.aureus. They are also found to inhibit C. albicans. Synthesized isoxazolone compounds are found active against E.coli and less active or inactive against S. aureus. They show good activity against C.albican. Pyrazolone compounds showed good activity against E.coli but did not show good activity against S.aureus. They are able to inhibit the growth of C.albican in compare to standard drugs. Hydroxy and mercapto derivatives of pyrimidin 2-thione compounds showed nice activity against E.coli and are less active against S.aureus. These compounds are found active against C.albican. Pyrimidin 2-one compounds are also able to inhibit the growth of E.coli to considerable extent, but are found less active against S.aureus and are found to inhibit C.albican.
167 CCLUSI: ver all evaluation of the synthesized compounds suggests their moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity as compared to the standard drugs Penicillin, Kanamycine, Baycor.25.w.p and Amphotericin. ver all analysis of the results suggest that 30 compounds numbered as AB-10, AB-11, AB-12, AB-20, AB-21, AB-23, AB-30, AB-31, AB-33, AB-36, AB-41, AB-42, AB-46, AB-61, AB-62, AB-63, AB-71, AB-73, AB-76, AB-81, AB-82, AB-83, AB-86, AB-87, AB-102, AB-106, AB-111, AB-113, AB-120 and AB-133 showed good anti-bacterial activity than the standard test-drugs used for bio-assay. Hence these compounds should be further tested under various conditions for their pharmaceutical applications. S.. TABLE. 29 Zone of inhibition of standard drugs and solvent CMP. Zone of inhibition ( mm ) Standrad Drugs E. Coli S. aureus C. albicans 1 SD - 1 Penicillin 15 17-2 SD - 2 Kanamycin 17 19-3 SD - 3 Baycor 25 w.p. - - 18 4 SD - 4 Amphotericin - - 20 5 Solvent DMF 11 12 12
168 TABLE.. 30 Antimicrobial activities of AB-01 to AB-10 Cl C-CH = CH C 6 H 5 S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-01-4-Cl 16 14 18 2 AB-02-2-Cl 15 15 16 3 AB-03-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 12 12 15 4 AB-04-2- 2 11 13 12 5 AB-05-2-H 10 12 A 6 AB-06-3-CH 3, -4-H 14 12 13 7 AB-07-4-H 13 11 13 8 AB-08-4-(CH 3 ) 2 12 11 11 9 AB-09-4-CH 3 A 14 13 10 AB-10-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 17 16 20
169 TABLE.. 31 Antimicrobial activities of AB-11 to AB-20 H C-CH = CH C 6 H 5 S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-11-4-Cl 20 21 23 2 AB-12-2-Cl A 18 21 3 AB-13-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 16 17 16 4 AB-14-2- 2 14 15 15 5 AB-15-2-H 15 17 16 6 AB-16-3-CH 3, -4-H 16 18 16 7 AB-17-4-H 14 15 A 8 AB-18-4-(CH 3 ) 2 14 16 15 9 AB-19-4-CH 3 13 15 15 10 AB-20-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 19 20 19
170 TABLE.. 32 Antimicrobial activities of AB-21 to AB-30 Cl S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-21-4-Cl 16 15 21 2 AB-22-2-Cl 14 14 18 3 AB-23-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 17 15 17 4 AB-24-2- 2 A 13 15 5 AB-25-2-H 13 12 14 6 AB-26-3-CH 3, -4-H 14 13 15 7 AB-27-4-H 14 11 12 8 AB-28-4-(CH 3 ) 2 13 12 14 9 AB-29-4-CH 3 12 A 14 10 AB-30-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 18 19 19
171 TABLE.. 33 Antimicrobial activities of AB-31 to AB-40 H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-31-4-Cl 16 15 20 2 AB-32-2-Cl 14 13 17 3 AB-33-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 17 A 21 4 AB-34 2-2 12 11 14 5 AB-35-2-H 13 12 15 6 AB-36-3-CH 3, -4-H 14 13 22 7 AB-37-4-H 14 12 15 8 AB-38-4-(CH 3 ) 2 13 11 13 9 AB-39-4-CH 3 13 12 15 10 AB-40-3,4,5-CH 3 A 10 14
172 TABLE.. 34 Antimicrobial activities of AB-41 to AB-50 Cl H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-41-4-Cl 19 17 20 2 AB-42-2-Cl 17 16 18 3 AB-43-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 16 16 19 4 AB-44 2-2 14 A 16 5 AB-45-2-H 16 17 17 6 AB-46-3-CH 3, -4-H 17 19 21 7 AB-47-4-H 15 14 16 8 AB-48-4-(CH 3 ) 2 15 13 13 9 AB-49-4-CH 3 15 14 A 10 AB-50-3,4,5-CH 3 14 12 14
173 TABLE.. 35 Antimicrobial activities of AB-51 to AB-60 H H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-51-4-Cl 15 17 18 2 AB-52-2-Cl 13 14 15 3 AB-53-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 11 15 12 4 AB-54-2- 2 10 11 11 5 AB-55-2-H 14 A 14 6 AB-56-3-CH 3, -4-H 12 11 14 7 AB-57-4-H 16 17 16 8 AB-58-4-(CH 3 ) 2 11 13 14 9 AB-59-4-CH 3 A 11 12 10 AB-60-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 14 14 13
174 TABLE.. 36 Antimicrobial activities of AB-61 to AB-70 Cl H 3 C S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-61-4-Cl 16 19 21 2 AB-62-2-Cl 15 16 20 3 AB-63-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 17 16 16 4 AB-64-2- 2 14 15 15 5 AB-65-2-H 15 14 17 6 AB-66-3-CH3, -4-H 18 15 18 7 AB-67-4-H 16 14 15 8 AB-68-4-(CH3)2 14 15 14 9 AB-69-4-CH 3 14 13 15 10 AB-70-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 15 A 16
175 TABLE.. 37 Antimicrobial activities of AB-71 to AB-80 H H 3 C S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-71-4-Cl 17 15 20 2 AB-72-2-Cl 14 13 17 3 AB-73-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 18 15 21 4 AB-74 2-2 11 13 A 5 AB-75-2-H 13 12 12 6 AB-76-3-CH 3, -4-H 19 16 13 7 AB-77-4-H 12 14 14 8 AB-78-4-(CH 3 ) 2 14 15 16 9 AB-79-4-CH 3 16 14 A 10 AB-80-3,4,5-CH 3 12 13 14
176 TABLE.. 38 Antimicrobial activities of AB-81 to AB-90 Cl S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-81-4-Cl 19 19 22 2 AB-82-2-Cl 18 17 19 3 AB-83-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 16 16 20 4 AB-84-2- 2 14 15 A 5 AB-85-2-H 15 14 18 6 AB-86-3-CH 3, -4-H 20 18 21 7 AB-87-4-H 18 16 18 8 AB-88-4-(CH 3 ) 2 A 16 17 9 AB-89-4-CH 3 16 15 16 10 AB-90-3,4,5-CH 3 16 15 16
177 TABLE.. 39 Antimicrobial activities of AB-91 to AB-100 H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-91-4-Cl 15 17 18 2 AB-92-2-Cl 15 14 16 3 AB-93-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 15 A 16 4 AB-94-2- 2 12 11 15 5 AB-95-2-H 13 12 14 6 AB-96-3-CH 3, -4-H 16 16 16 7 AB-97-4-H 13 15 16 8 AB-98-4-(CH 3 ) 2 12 14 A 9 AB-99-4-CH 3 14 12 12 10 AB-100-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 18 18 19
178 TABLE.. 40 Antimicrobial activities of AB-101 to AB-110 Cl S H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-101-4-Cl 16 15 21 2 AB-102-2-Cl 14 15 20 3 AB-103-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 15 16 17 4 AB-104-3- 2 A 11 14 5 AB-105-2-H 13 14 A 6 AB-106-3-CH 3, -4-H 17 15 13 7 AB-107-4-H 16 14 16 8 AB-108-4-(CH 3 ) 2 14 A 12 9 AB-109-4-CH 3 15 12 14 10 AB-110-3,4,5-CH 3 14 11 12
179 TABLE.. 41 Antimicrobial activities of AB-111 to AB-120 H S H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-111-4-Cl 17 16 21 2 AB-112-2-Cl 14 14 19 3 AB-113-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 15 14 22 4 AB-114-3- 2 A 11 A 5 AB-115-2-H 14 13 16 6 AB-116-3-CH 3, -4-H 16 18 17 7 AB-117-4-H A 15 15 8 AB-118-4-(CH 3 ) 2 13 14 14 9 AB-119-4-CH 3 13 12 16 10 AB-120-3,4,5-CH 3 12 12 A
180 TABLE.. 42 Antimicrobial activities of AB-121 to AB-130 Cl H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-121-4-Cl 16 15 18 2 AB-122-2-Cl 13 14 16 3 AB-123-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 16 14 16 4 AB-124-2- 2 14 12 13 5 AB-125-2-H 12 11 A 6 AB-126-3-CH 3, -4-H A 13 14 7 AB-127-4-H 13 12 12 8 AB-128-4-(CH 3 ) 2 12 12 12 9 AB-129-4-CH 3 11 13 13 10 AB-130-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3, -5-CH 3 17 14 19
181 TABLE.. 43 Antimicrobial activities of AB-131 to AB-140 H H S. CMP. Zone of Inhibitions in mm.. E.coli S.aureus C.albicans 1 AB-131-4-Cl 16 15 18 2 AB-132-2-Cl 14 15 16 3 AB-133-3-CH 3, -4-CH 3 14 16 20 4 AB-134-3- 2 11 10 14 5 AB-135-2-H A 12 15 6 AB-136-3-CH 3, -4-H 14 13 17 7 AB-137-4-H 12 12 12 8 AB-138-4-(CH 3 ) 2 12 A 14 9 AB-139-4-CH 3 15 12 13 10 AB-140-3,4,5-CH 3 13 12 11
182 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-01 to AB-10 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 01 AB 02 AB 03 AB 04 AB 05 AB 06 AB 07 AB 08 AB 09 AB 10 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 15 12 11 10 14 13 12 0 17 15 17 S.aureus 14 15 12 13 12 12 11 11 14 16 17 19 C.albicans 18 16 15 12 0 13 13 11 13 20 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
183 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-11 to AB-20 25 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 20 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 11 AB 12 AB 13 AB 14 AB 15 AB 16 AB 17 AB 18 AB 19 AB 20 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 20 0 16 14 15 16 14 14 13 19 15 17 S.aureus 21 18 17 15 17 18 15 16 15 20 17 19 C.albicans 23 21 16 15 16 16 0 15 15 19 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
184 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-21 to AB-30 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 21 AB 22 AB 23 AB 24 AB 25 AB 26 AB 27 AB 28 AB 29 AB 30 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 14 17 0 13 14 14 13 12 18 15 17 S.aureus 15 14 15 13 12 13 11 12 0 19 17 19 C.albicans 21 18 17 15 14 15 12 14 14 19 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
185 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-31 to AB-40 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 31 AB 32 AB 33 AB 34 AB 35 AB 36 AB 37 AB 38 AB 39 AB 40 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 14 17 12 13 14 14 13 13 0 15 17 S.aureus 15 13 0 11 12 13 12 11 12 10 17 19 C.albicans 20 17 21 14 15 22 15 13 15 14 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
186 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-41 to AB-50 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 41 AB 42 AB 43 AB 44 AB 45 AB 46 AB 47 AB 48 AB 49 AB 50 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 19 17 16 14 16 17 15 15 15 14 15 17 S.aureus 17 16 16 0 17 19 14 13 14 12 17 19 C.albicans 20 18 19 16 17 21 16 13 0 14 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
187 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-51 to AB-60 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 51 AB 52 AB 53 AB 54 AB 55 AB 56 AB 57 AB 58 AB 59 AB 60 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 15 13 11 10 14 12 16 11 0 14 15 17 S.aureus 17 14 15 11 0 11 17 13 11 14 17 19 C.albicans 18 15 12 11 14 14 16 14 12 13 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
188 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-61 to AB-70 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 61 AB 62 AB 63 AB 64 AB 65 AB 66 AB 67 AB 68 AB 69 AB 70 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 15 17 14 15 18 16 14 14 15 15 17 S.aureus 19 16 16 15 14 15 14 15 13 0 17 19 C.albicans 21 20 16 15 17 18 15 14 15 16 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
189 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-71 to AB-80 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 71 AB 72 AB 73 AB 74 AB 75 AB 76 AB 77 AB 78 AB 79 AB 80 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 17 14 18 11 13 19 12 14 16 12 15 17 S.aureus 15 13 15 13 12 16 14 15 14 13 17 19 C.albicans 20 17 21 0 12 13 14 16 0 14 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
190 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-81 to AB-90 25 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 20 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 81 AB 82 AB 83 AB 84 AB 85 AB 86 AB 87 AB 88 AB 89 AB 90 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 19 18 16 14 15 20 18 0 16 16 15 17 S.aureus 19 17 16 15 14 18 16 16 15 15 17 19 C.albicans 22 19 20 0 18 21 18 17 16 16 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
191 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-91 to AB-100 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 91 AB 92 AB 93 AB 94 AB 95 AB 96 AB 97 AB 98 AB 99 AB 100 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 15 15 15 12 13 16 13 12 14 18 15 17 S.aureus 17 14 0 11 12 16 15 14 12 18 17 19 C.albicans 18 16 16 15 14 16 16 0 12 19 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
192 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB901 to AB-110 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 101 AB 102 AB 103 AB 104 AB 105 AB 106 AB 107 AB 108 AB 109 AB 110 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 14 15 0 13 17 16 14 15 14 15 17 S.aureus 15 15 16 11 14 15 14 0 12 11 17 19 C.albicans 21 20 17 14 0 13 16 12 14 12 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
193 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-111 to AB-120 25 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 20 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 111 AB 112 AB 113 AB 114 AB 115 AB 116 AB 117 AB 118 AB 119 AB 120 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 17 14 15 0 14 16 0 13 13 12 15 17 S.aureus 16 14 14 11 13 18 15 14 12 12 17 19 C.albicans 21 19 22 0 16 17 15 14 16 0 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
194 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-121 to AB-130 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 121 AB 122 AB 123 AB 124 AB 125 AB 126 AB 127 AB 128 AB 129 AB 130 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 13 16 14 12 0 13 12 11 17 15 17 S.aureus 15 14 14 12 11 13 12 12 13 14 17 19 C.albicans 18 16 16 13 0 14 12 12 13 19 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine
195 Antimicrobial activities graphical representation of AB-131 to AB-140 25 20 E.Coli S.aureus C.albicans 15 10 5 Zone of Inhibitiom ( mm) 0 AB 131 AB 132 AB 133 AB 134 AB 135 AB 136 AB 137 AB 138 AB 139 AB 140 SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 E.Coli 16 14 14 11 0 14 12 12 15 13 15 17 S.aureus 15 15 16 10 12 13 12 0 12 12 17 19 C.albicans 18 16 20 14 15 17 12 14 13 11 18 20 Where, SD1 = Penicillin, SD-2 = Kanamycin, SD-3 = Baycor 25 w.p., SD-4 = Amphotericine