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Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-22 Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean L 2001 4 locations: SAC: Total B 6.00-18.99 464 15.5 0.2 1096 400.0 4454 1 SAC by sex F 6.00-18.99 251 20.3 0.0 2 SAC by sex M 6.00-18.99 213 9.9 0.5 3 SAC by location: Calama B 6.00-18.99 NS 2579 802.0 SAC by location: Punta Arenas B 6.00-18.99 NS 335 106.0 SAC by location: Santiago B 6.00-18.99 NS 738 415.0 SAC by location: Temuco B 6.00-18.99 NS 981 393.0 4 locations: SAC: Total B 6.00-18.99 3712 6.2 0.3 6.5 SAC by sex F 6.00-18.99 1864 6.8 SAC by sex M 6.00-18.99 1848 5.9 SAC by location: Calama B 6.00-18.99 833 7.1 0.2 7.3 SAC by location: Punta Arenas B 6.00-18.99 787 6.3 0.4 6.7 SAC by location: Santiago B 6.00-18.99 1268 5.8 0.1 5.9 SAC by location: Temuco B 6.00-18.99 824 5.7 0.2 5.9 L 1999 ThyroMobil study 10 sentinel sites: SAC B 6.00-12.99 565 540.0 2896 4 LR 1995 Pirque area: SAC B 9.00-14.99 NS 576.0 609 353.0 1497 Pirque area: SAC: Total B 9.00-14.99 591 9.0 0.6 9.6 SAC by sex F 9.00-14.99 298 10.1 SAC by sex M 9.00-14.99 293 9.2 L 1994 4 locations: SAC: Total B 6.00-16.99 382 1496 5 SAC by sex F 6.00-16.99 177 1210 800.0 6 SAC by sex M 6.00-16.99 205 1200 720.0 7 4 locations: SAC: Total B 6.00-16.99 4181 9.2 0.8 10.0 SAC by sex F 6.00-16.99 2011 10.2 0.8 11.0 SAC by sex M 6.00-16.99 2170 8.3 0.8 9.0 SAC by location: Calama B 6.00-16.99 1003 8.8 0.7 9.5 SAC by location: Punta Arenas B 6.00-16.99 761 9.4 1.2 10.6 SAC by location: Santiago B 6.00-16.99 1492 8.9 0.7 9.6 SAC by location: Temuco B 6.00-16.99 925 9.9 0.8 10.7 L 1991 SAC by location: Calama B 6.00-16.99 128 858 725 429 1498 SAC by location: Santiago B 6.00-16.99 204 601 666 377 SAC by location: Temuco B 6.00-16.99 171 302 378 426 3 locations: SAC: Total B 6.00-16.99 3390 11.4 0.3 11.7 SAC by sex F 6.00-16.99 1675 11.6 0.4 12.0 SD Reference Notes General Line

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-22 Goitre prevalence (%) Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) Notes Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 2 TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean SD Reference General Line L 1991 SAC by sex M 6.00-16.99 1715 11.1 0.3 11.4 1498 SAC by sex and location: Calama F 6.00-16.99 491 11.8 0.8 12.6 SAC by sex and location: Santiago F 6.00-16.99 695 13.7 0.1 13.8 SAC by sex and location: Temuco F 6.00-16.99 489 8.4 0.2 8.6 SAC by sex and location: Calama M 6.00-16.99 501 7.6 0.4 8.0 SAC by sex and location: Santiago M 6.00-16.99 726 13.1 0.1 13.2 SAC by sex and location: Temuco M 6.00-16.99 488 11.8 0.2 12.0 L 1986 Santiago and Temuco: SAC: Total B 6.00-16.99 1015 7.4 0.2 7.6 1499 SAC by sex F 6.00-16.99 512 9.5 0.4 9.9 SAC by sex M 6.00-16.99 503 5.2 0.0 5.2 SAC by location: Santiago B 6.00-16.99 560 7.1 0.2 7.3 SAC by locatoion: Temuco B 6.00-16.99 455 7.7 0.2 7.9

NOTES Reference no 4454 General Notes: Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC from 4 locations: Calama (north), Punta Arenas (south), Santiago (center, 2 communes: San Bernado and Renca) and Temuco (south); same survey reported in reference No. 3335. Line note 1 Line note 2 Line note 3 UI 300-599 µg/l: 23.5%, UI 600-999 µg/l: 21.1%, UI >1000 µg/l: 39.6% UI 300-599 µg/l: 23.5%, UI 600-999 µg/l: 16.8%, UI >1000 µg/l: 39.4% UI 300-599 µg/l: 23.5%, UI 600-999 µg/l: 26.3%, UI >1000 µg/l: 39.8% Reference no 2896 General Notes: The ThyroMobil study in Chile covered 10 sentinel sites randomly selected in provinces known as iodine deficient in the past; sample selection was done in coordination with the health authorities, using Ministries of Health's records; SAC randomly selected from one school at each site; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database. Line note 4 UI <50 µg/l: 0.7% Reference no 1497 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC from 4 public schools in Pirque (rural area). Reference no 1496 General Notes: Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC from 4 locations: Calama (north), Punta Arenas (south), Santiago (center, 2 communes: San Beernardo and Renca) and Temuco (south); same survey reported in reference No. 453. Line note 5 UI <300 µg/l: 4.7%, UI 300-899 µg/l: 37.2%, UI 900-1499 µg/l: 33.0%, UI 1500-2099 µg/l: 14.1%, UI 2100-2699 µg/l: 5.0%, UI >2700 µg/l: 6.0% Line note 6 UI <300µg/L: 3.4%, UI 300-899 µg/l: 42.9%, UI 900-1499 µg/l: 28.3%, UI 1500-2099 µg/l: 13.6%, UI 2100-2699 µg/l: 3.9%, UI >2700 µg/l: 7.9% Line note 7 UI <300 µg/l: 5.9%, UI 300-899 µg/l: 32.2%, UI 900-1499 µg/l: 37.1%, UI 1500-2099 µg/l: 14.6%, UI 2100-2699 µg/l: 5.9%, UI >2700 µg/l: 4.3% Reference no 1498 General Notes: Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC from 3 locations: Calama (north), Temuco (south) and Santiago (center, two communes: San Bernardo and Renca). Reference no 1499 General Notes: Sample comprised of SAC from Santiago (center, 2 communes: San Bernardo and Renca) and Temuco (south); same survey reported in reference No. 440.

Reference 1496 Reference 1497 Reference 1498 Reference 1499 Reference 2896 Reference 4454 R E F E R E N C E S Muzzo S, Burgueno M, Carvajal F, Biolley E, Avendano M, Vargas S, Leiva L. Nutrición de yodo en escolares de cuatro zonas censorias de Chile [Iodine nutrition in school children of four census areas of Chile]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1997, 125 :1299-1304. Tellez R, Michaud P. Prevalencia de bocio en escolares de la zona de Pirque; efecto de la yodación de la sal [Prevalence of goiter in school-age children in the Pirque Zone: effects of salt iodination]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1996, 124 :1207-1210. Muzzo S, Burgueno M, Carvajal F, Moreno R, Leiva L. Características actuales del bocio endémico en tres zonas censoras de Chile [Endemic goiter in three census areas of Chile]. Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición, 1994, 44 :82-86. Pozo M, Rodewald AM, Biolley E, Zvaighaft A, Leiva L, Muzzo S. Prevalencia de bocio endémico en escolares del centro y sur de Chile [Prevalence of endemic goiter among school children of central and southern Chile]. Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 1989, 60 :359-362. Pretell EA, Delange F, Hostalek U, Corigliano S, Barreda L, Higa AM, Altschuler N, Barragan D, Cevallos JL, Gonzales O, Jara JA, Medeiros-Neto G, Montes JA, Muzzo S, Pacheco VM, Cordero L. Iodine nutrition improves in Latin America. Thyroid, 2004, 14 :590-599. Muzzo S, Ramirez I, Carvajal F, Biolley E, Leiva L. Nutrición de yodo en escolares de cuatro zonas de Chile en el año 2001 [Iodine nurtition in school children of four areas of Chile during the year 2001]. Revista Médica de Chile, 2003, 131 :1391-1398.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 417 Reference 426 Reference 440 Reference 441 Reference 453 Reference 1111 Reference 1495 Reference 1500 Reference 1501 Reference 1502 Reference 1503 Reference 1504 Reference 1505 Reference 3060 Reference 3335 Silva JE, Silva S. Interrelationships among serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone in iodine-deficient pregnant women and their offspring: effects of iodine supplementation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1981, 52 :671-677. Muzzo S, Leiva L. Endemic goiter and cretinism and their control in Chile. In: Dunn JT et al., eds. Towards the eradication of endemic goiter, cretinism, and iodine deficiency. Washington, DC, Pan American Health Organization, 1986 :276-279. Ministry of Health, UNICEF. Conferencia Internacional sobre Nutrición: Chile [paper version preliminar]. Santiago de Chile, 1992. Ministry of Health, UNICEF. Conferencia Internacional de Nutrición: República de Costa Rica. San Jose, 1992. Muzzo S. Características actuales del bocio endémico y de la nutrición de yodo en Chile. 1995. Leiva LB, Breverman L, Muzzo SB. Aporte del pan a la nutrición de yodo del escolar Chileno [Contribution of bread to iodine intake in Chilean school children]. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 2002, 29 :62-64. Michaud P, Tellez R. Función tiroidea en una población con aporte extra de yodo [Thyroid function in a population with an extra iodine intake]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1998, 126 :177-182. Muzzo S, Aguirre R, Tellez A, Valdivieso S, Leiva TM. Bocio endémico en Pirque [Endemic goiter in Pirque]. Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 1984, 55 :331-334. Blumel JE, Rodriguez J, Hernandez D, Torres O, Pino M. Incidencia de bocio en la ciudad de San Javier (Talca) [Incidence of goiter in San Javier, Chile]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1977, 105 :639-641. Medina E. Bocio endémico en Chile: aspectos asistenciales y preventivos [Endemic goiter in Chile]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1976, 104 :670-675. Dominguez M, Quesney F, Michaud P, Maggiolo C, Ugarte JM. La prevalencia del bocio en escolares de las comunas de puente alto, pirque y San Jose de maipo: estudio clínico epidemiológico (1972) [Endemic goiter among school children in sub-urban areas of Santiago City: clinical-epidemiological study (1972)]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1974, 102 :639-644. Donoso J, Jarpa A. Incidencia de bocio en la comuna de Linares [Goiter incidence in the Linares commune]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1970, 98 :791-796. Lemesch C, Litvak J, Medina E. Prevalencia de bocio en escolares primarios del área hospitalaria norte de Santiago 1966-1967 [Prevalence of goiter among students of primary schools in the hospital area north of Santiago 1966-1967]. Revista Médica de Chile, 1969, 97 :159-164. Montecinos M, Valenzuela M, Diaz L, Vargas N. Prevalencia de bocio en escolares de las comuna de Maria Pinto [Prevalence of goiter in children at the community of Maria Pinto]. Boletín del Hospital San Juan de Dios, 1983, 30 :177-182. Benavies SM, Balich LL, Mora IR. Nutrición de yodo del escolar Chileno después del cambio del reglamento sanitario de los alimentos [Iodine nutrition in Chilean schoolchildren after the revision of the sanitary regulation on foods]. Santiago de Chile, Universidad de Chile, 2002.

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 4710 Reference 4937 Reference 5500 Muzzo SB. Vigilancia nutricional contínua no solo de los problemas por deficit: el caso del yodo [Continous nutritional surveillance not only for deficiency: the case of iodine]. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 2002, 29 :8-9. Muzzo S, Pozo M, Zvaighaft A, Rodewald AM, Biolley E, Leiva L. Caracteristicas actuales del bocio endemico en escolares de dos zonas censoras de Chile [Some present characteristics of endemic goiter in school age children of two zones of Chile]. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 1989, 17 :60-65. Muzzo S, Leiva L, Ramírez I, Carvajal F, Biolley E. Nutricion de yodo en escolares de una zona con alta ingesta de yodo (calama) comparada con zona de ingesta normal (Punta Arenas) [Iodine nutrition status in school age children of an area of high iodine intake (Calama) compared with an area of normal intake (Punta Arenas)]. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 2005, 32 :28-35.