Randomised Dabigatran Etexilate Dose Finding Study In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Post Index Event With Additional Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Complications Also Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrel RE-DEEM J Oldgren, A Budaj, CB Granger, R Harper, Y Khder, F van de Werf, L Wallentin, for the RE-DEEM investigators
Disclosure Jonas Oldgren MD, PhD Randomised Dabigatran Etexilate Dose Finding Study In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Post Index Event With Additional Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Complications Also Receiving Aspirin And Clopidogrel (RE-DEEM) Financial disclosure: National Advisory Board & Research Grant from Boehringer-Ingelheim
Background After acute coronary syndromes patients continue to have recurrent ischemic events despite revascularization and dual antiplatelet therapy Oral anticoagulation is superior to aspirin alone following acute coronary syndromes, however warfarin is rarely used Novel oral anticoagulants offer an opportunity to reduce recurrent ischemic events beyond dual antiplatelet therapy but also pose a risk of bleeding, as shown in previous phase II studies with inhibitors of factors IIa and Xa
Dabigatran etexilate an oral direct thrombin inhibitor Dabigatran Rapid oral absorption & biotransformation of prodrug to active drug Active site of thrombin molecule Thrombin Bioavailability 6.5% Rapid onset, T½ ~ 14-17 h Mainly renal excretion (0%) Low potential for food/drug interactions, not a CYP 450 substrate, inhibitor or inducer No coagulation monitoring required Efficacy and safety comparable to LMW heparin for prevention of VTE after orthopedic surgery Better efficacy and safety than warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (RE-LY)
Objectives Compare treatment with 4 different dose regimens of dabigatran versus placebo for 6 months in patients on dual antiplatelet treatment after acute coronary syndrome concerning major & clinical relevant minor bleeding events (primary outcome) levels of coagulation activity, i.e. D-dimer (secondary) composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI and non-hemorrhagic stroke (secondary)
Phase II RE-DEEM Overview Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, dose escalation study ST elevation or non-st elevation ACS with 1 additional risk factor for CV complications, on aspirin & clopidogrel at randomisation Randomisation within 14 days Placebo b.d N=373 Dabigatran 50 mg b.d N=372 Dabigatran 75 mg b.d N=371 Dabigatran 110 mg b.d N=411 Study treatment for 6 months Dabigatran 150 mg b.d N=351 Dose adjustments: Patients with moderate renal impairment (GFR 30-50 ml/min) randomised to 75, 110 or 150 mg were analysed as part of that dose group but were treated with the next lower dose.
Baseline characteristics Number of patients 17 STEMI / NSTEMI 60 / 40 % Age (mean) 61. years PCI at index event 54 % Gender (males) 76 % Days to randomisation (mean) 7.4 days Risk factors for cardiovascular complications: Age 65 years 44 % Left bundle branch block 3 % Diabetes mellitus 31 % Congestive Heart Failure 12 % Previous MI 29 % GFR 30-60 ml/min 9 % Peripheral artery disease 6 % No revascularisation for index event 31 %
Concomitant antiplatelet medication % 100 90 0 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Aspirin only Aspirin+Clopidogrel 0 R 1 mo 2 mo 3 mo 4 mo 5 mo R=Randomisation, EOT=End of treatment, FU=Follow-up 6 mo EOT 2 wk FU
Study drug discontinuation Placebo D 50 D 75 D 110 D 150 No of pts 373 372 371 411 351 Serious adverse events 9 % 9 % % 9 % 6 % Discontinued study treatment 14 % 20 % 16 % 19 % 1 % - due to AE % 9 % % 12 % 10 % 0,20 0,1 0,16 0,14 0,12 0,10 0,0 0,06 0,04 0,02 Placebo D50 D75 D110 D150 0,00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Days
Primary outcome - definition Major bleeding (ISTH*) Fatal bleed and/or Symptomatic bleeding in a critical area or organ, and/or Bleeding causing a fall in hemoglobin level of 20 g/l, or leading to transfusion of 2 units of whole blood or red cells Clinically relevant minor bleeding A clinically overt bleed that does not meet the criteria for major bleed but prompts a clinical response, i.e hospital admission for bleeding, medical or surgical treatment, or a change in antithrombotic therapy including study drug *International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Primary outcome - bleeding 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 % P < 0.001 linear trend N=161 7 2 7 1 10 3 Clinically relevant minor Major (ISTH) 9 2 1 15 ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT Placebo D 50 D 75 D 110 D 150 ITT = Intention to treat; OT = On treatment (within 3 days before the event) 14 1 24 23 6 23 4 23 4
Primary outcome Major and clinically relevant minor bleeding Time to first event 0,09 0,0 0,07 D150* D110* 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,03 D75 D50 0,02 0,01 0 Placebo 0 20 40 60 0 100 120 140 160 10 Days *p < 0.01 log rank test vs placebo N=161
Major bleeding comparisons Placebo N=371 D 50 N=369 D 75 N=36 D 110 N=406 D 150 N=347 ISTH Major 0.5 % 0. % 0.3 % 2.0 % 1.2 % TIMI Major 0.3 % 0.3 % 0 1.2 % 0.3 % GUSTO Severe 0.3 % 0.3 % 0 0.5 % 0
D-dimer secondary outcome (medians) g/l 175 150 125 Placebo D50 D75 D110 D150 100 75 50 p < 0.001 25 0 R 1 4 R=Randomisation, EOT=End of treatment, FU=Follow-up 26 EOT 2 Weeks FU
Clinical endpoint secondary outcome composite of CV death, non fatal MI, stroke 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 % 3 4 9 2 4 9 6 1 9 Stroke Non-fatal MI CV death ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT ITT OT Placebo D 50 D 75 D 110 D 150 ITT = Intention to treat; OT = On treatment (within 3 days before the event) 1 7 4 5 2 N=161 4 4
Conclusions Dabigatran in addition to aspirin and clopidogrel after an acute coronary syndrome is associated with a low overall bleeding rate, with dose dependent increase in the composite of major (ISTH) and clinically relevant minor bleeding < 1% absolute increase in major/severe bleeds (ISTH, TIMI, GUSTO) with dabigatran 110-150 mg b.d. significant reduction in coagulation activity (D-dimer) without dose relationship low number of clinical endpoints in all treatment arms good tolerability with all four doses
Implications Dabigatran up to 150 mg b.d. on top of dual antiplatelet therapy can be used with modestly increased bleeding risk This is of relevance for atrial fibrillation patients after acute coronary syndromes and stenting RE-DEEM supports the rationale for evaluation of the 110 and 150 mg dabigatran doses on clinical outcome in acute coronary syndrome patients in a larger adequately powered study
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