Impact of Hypertension and Diabetes on Kidneys

Impact of Hypertension and Diabetes on Kidneys

Hypertension and How it Effects your Kidneys

What is hypertension? A common, long term, condition Narrowing of blood vessels; increasing resistance to blood flow When hearth pumps blood through the narrow vessels, blood pressure goes up

Categories of Hypertension

Primary hypertension Causes of hypertension 95% of causes of hypertension is unknown. Secondary hypertension 5% is caused by an underlined condition such as: Sleep Apnea, Kidney problems, Adrenal gland tumors, Thyroid problems, Birth defects, Certain medications, Illegal drugs (cocaine and amphetamines), Poor diet, Alcohol, and Smoking use

Risk Factors Increasing Age Common in men Common in African-Americans Tends to run in families Overweight and obese Inactive lifestyle Smoker/excessive alcohol High intake of sodium Stress Certain chronic conditions (kidney dieses, diabetes, and sleep apnea)

Complications of Uncontrolled Hypertension Damage of arteries Enlargement of the Heart Heart Failure Stroke Visual Disturbances Sexual Dysfunction KIDNEY FAILURE

What is Kidney Failure? A condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to remove waste and balance fluids.

Stages of Kidney Failure

Aftermath of Kidney Failure Dialysis 3-4 hour treatments, 3-4 days per week Effects lifestyle, ability to work, family dynamics, body image, decreases energy

Prevention Lifestyle Modifications Healthy diet, daily exercise, and clean social habits

Diet ALL VEGETABLES Avoid potatoes and French fries. WHOLE GRAINS Brown rice Whole Wheat Bread Whole Wheat Pasta Limit white rice and white bread. All fruits are healthy choices. At least 8 cups of water a day. HEALTHY PROTEIN Chicken Fish Avoid red meat, cold cuts, and all processed meats!

Exercise 30 mins a day of exercise or brisk walking Join a gym if feasible

Social Habits Decrease alcohol Intake White Wine vs Red Wine

Smoking Cessation Chantix Nicotine Patch Social Habits Decrease in Cigarettes or Cigars until you reach 0 per day

Social Habits Meditation De-stress tactics

Avoid Fast Food Social Habits Choose the right path by making healthier decisions.

Medication Compliance Take medications as prescribed Getting prescriptions refilled in a timely fashion Do not miss doses Do not double up on a dose if a dose is missed Monitor Blood Pressure routinely Keep a log of your blood pressure & take with you to appointments.

Impact of Diabetes on the Body

What is diabetes? Diabetes is a disease that affects your body s ability to produce or use insulin The 2 most common types: 1. Type 1 2. Type 2

Types of Diabetes Type 1 Usually diagnosed in children and young adults. The body is not able to make insulin. Type 2 This type occurs because the body does not use enough insulin or use the insulin properly.

Mechanisms of Diabetes Diabetes is due to one of two mechanisms: 1. Insufficient production of insulin 2. Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin.

Common Causes of Diabetes? Factors you can control: Poor lifestyle Obesity Unhealthy diet Gestational Diabetes

What Causes Diabetes? (cont d) Factors that you cannot control: Hereditary Auto-Immune Increasing Age

Complications of Diabetes Eye problems, such as Retinopathies Heart disease Stroke Kidney disease Nerve damage Foot problems

Diabetes and Eye Problems Damage of tiny blood vessels in the kidneys, fingers, feet and eyes. Scar tissue and detached retina. sugar cataracts

Diabetes and Heart Disease Plaque formation in blood vessels leads to narrow vessels Improper circulation of blood will lead to a heart attack Individuals with diabetes are 2-4 times more likely to have a heart attack than those without the disease (CDC, 2017).

Diabetes and Nerve Damage Diabetes affects nerve fibers in the body, mainly the ones in the legs and feet. Nerve damage causes numbness and tingling.

Diabetes and Kidney Disease Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure in adults in the U.S. (CDC, 2017). Injured blood vessels in kidneys are unable to filter blood properly. Weight gain and ankle swelling from retention of excess water and salt. Protein may build up in the urine, and waste materials will build up in the blood.

Signs of Kidney Disease Early Signs Increased excretion of albumin in the urine. Weight gain and ankle swelling may occur. Elevated blood pressure Late Signs Nausea, vomiting, a loss of appetite Weakness, increasing fatigue, itching, muscle cramps (especially in your legs) Anemia (a low blood count).

Manage your diabetes by ABC Prevention of Diabetes A for A1C Test. Average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months. The goal is below 7%. B for Blood Pressure The blood pressure goal is below 140/90 mm Hg. C for Cholesterol Monitor your cholesterol levels. The goal is less than 70-100.

Keep all your appointments Managing Diabetes Bring a log of your blood glucose readings as ordered by your provider Make sure you visit your eye and foot provider yearly, and if you notice any changes (i.e. blurred vision, double vision) every year Use all medications as prescribed Lifestyle and diet change with your provider Exercise at least 3 times a week for 30 mins per day Dental Check-up

Conclusion Get healthy and stay healthy Live a better lifestyle Make healthier food choices Make time for yourself and exercise. Take your medications as prescribed Share your knowledge with someone else

References American Heart Association. (2017). Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/heartorg/conditions/more/diab etes/whydiabetesmatters/cardiovascular-disease- Diabetes_UCM_313865_Article.jsp#.WqINaejwbIU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017). Diabetic Basics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/research/index.html