Intrductin t Psychlgical Disrders (Myers fr AP 2 nd Editin, Mdule 65) Why are we s interested in learning abut psychlgical disrders? The Wrld Health Organizatin reprts that peple suffer frm mental r behavir disrders. and are cnsistent wrldwide. Defining Psychlgical Disrders Mental health wrkers view psychlgical disrders as syndrmes marked by a clinically significant in an individual s, regulatin, r. Disturbed, r dysfunctinal, behavirs are they interfere with nrmal day-t-day life. ften accmpanies dysfunctinal behavirs. Over time, definitins f what makes fr a significant disturbance have varied 1952-1973: was classified as a mental illness ADHD: Nrmal High Energy r Disrdered Behavir? (Read and cmplete) 1. List three arguments r research findings that supprt the existence f attentindeficit/hyperactivity disrder (ADHD) as a legitimate diagnsis. 2. List three arguments skeptics f ADHD cite t refute the legitimacy f the diagnsis. 3. What key cmpnent needs t be present t differentiate ADHD frm nrmal high energy r rambunctiusness? Why is this distinctin imprtant?
Each culture may view the ther s behavir as abnrmal. Nrmal vs. Abnrmal: It depends n yur culture, the time perid, the envirnmental cnditins & the individual persn. Understanding Psychlgical Disrders treatments f psychlgical disrders include trephinatin, exrcism, being caged like animals, being beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, r transfused with animal s bld. Patients were put in that were nthing mre than barbaric prisns The patients were chained and lcked away. Sme hspitals even charged fr the public t see the crazies, just like a z. Medical Perspective Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) frm France, insisted that madness was nt due t demnic pssessin, but an f the mind. Pinel said take the chains ff and declare that these peple are sick a cure must be fund!!! When physicians discvered that led t mental disrders, further refrms led t the use f the medical mdel. A mental illness (aka psychpathlgy) has physical causes that need t be n the basis f its symptms and thrugh therapy, which may include time in a psychiatric. Presumes that a persn is mentally ill and attributes their cnditin t a that must be identified and cured. Tday s psychlgists instead use a bipsychscial apprach based n the interactin f nature and nurture. Assumes that bilgical, sci-cultural, and psychlgical factrs cmbine and interact t prduce psychlgical disrders. Recgnizes that the and are inseparable.
Classifying Psychlgical Disrders The American Psychiatric Assciatin rendered a Diagnstic and Statistical Manual f Mental Disrders ( M) t classify, and describe psychlgical symptms f the disrders. It des nt explain r pssible. The mst recent editin, DSM-V (2013), describes ver psychlgical disrders cmpared t 60 in the 1950s. It prvides a cmmn fr clinicians t cmmunicate abut their patients and establishes and diagnses that can be used in the research f mental disrders. It als prvides a cmmn language fr researchers t study the criteria fr ptential future and t aid in the develpment f and ther interventins. Criticisms Disruptive dysregulatin disrder fr children Will it turn temper tantrums int a mental disrder and lead t vermedicatin? (Francis, 2012) Brings almst any kind f behavir within the cmpass f psychiatry (Eysenck et al., 1983) Will extend the f everyday life Critics f the DSM have always argued that may stigmatize individuals.
Labeling Psychlgical Disrders Critics argue that labels create that guide ur perceptins and ur interpretatins. David Rsenhan (1973) studied the biasing pwer f labels. Summarize Rsenhan s study based n the vide Being Sane in Insane Places A label can have a life and in influence f its wn (Rsenhan 1973) In videtaped interviews, thse believing the interviewee was a r patient perceived them as different frm mst peple. But if tld the interviewee was simply that, a jb applicant, they perceived the persn as. Getting a jb r finding a place t rent can be a challenge fr thse knwn t be just released frm r a Hllywd Prtrayals Further stigmatize mental disrders because Hllywd s gals are nt t necessarily, but t. Often, the mst sensatinal characteristics f a disrder are n the mvie screen t prduce in the viewer. Peple with disrders are prtrayed as bjects f humr r ridicule, as hmicidal maniacs, r freaks. POSITIVES Labels can be beneficial in allwing health prfessinals t abut cases, cmprehend underlying, and t discern effective prgrams. They als infrm patient self-understandings and are useful in research that explres the causes and treatments f disrdered behavir. Insanity Pleas Raise and questins abut hw sciety shuld treat peple wh have disrders and have cmmitted crimes. Shuld mentally ill individuals wh cmmit crimes be referred t psychiatric treatment r shuld they be punished?
Rates f Psychlgical Disrders Results f structured interviews with representative samples f thusands f citizens thrughut the wrld U.S. Natinal Institute f Mental Health estimates that % f adult Americans suffer frm a diagnsable mental disrder in a given year. WHO estimated the number f prir-year mental disrders in 20 cuntries Lwest = Highest = Immigrants t the U.S. have better mental health than their native cunterparts ( ) Wh is mst vulnerable? : crsses ethnic and gender lines Des pverty cause disrders r d disrders cause pverty? BOTH The incidence f serius psychlgical disrders has been high amng thse belw the pverty line.