LIMFANGITA CARCINOMATOASÃ CUTANATÃ CU ORIGINE OVARIANÃ PRIMITIVÃ CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA LYMPHANGITIS WITH OVARIAN ORIGIN

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REFERATE GENERALE GENERAL REPORTS LIMFANGITA CARCINOMATOASÃ CUTANATÃ CU ORIGINE OVARIANÃ PRIMITIVÃ CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA LYMPHANGITIS WITH OVARIAN ORIGIN ALEXANDRU NICOLAE MOCANU*, SIMONA SENILA*, EMIL MARIAN**, RAREª BUIGA***, CLAUDIA BURZ****, ALEXANDRU TÃTARU* Rezumat Limfangita carcinomatoasã este o entitate rarã, reprezentând mai puþin de 5% din totalul metastazelor cutanate. Prezentãm cazul unei paciente în vârstã de 67 ani, cu carcinom ovarian operat ºi polichimiotratat, care a dezvoltat la 6 ani de la debutul bolii o leziune cutanatã laterotoracicã dreaptã, cu suspiciunea de metastazã cutanatã. Valoarea markerului CA-125 în creºtere ºi biopsia cu examen histopatologic au stabilit diagnosticul de limfangitã carcinomatoasã cutanatã cu origine ovarianã primitivã. Tratamentul a constat în hipertermie localã ºi chimioterapie sistemicã, cu rezultat clinic ºi biologic favorabil, însã prognosticul se menþine rezervat. Cuvinte cheie: limfangita carcinomatoasã cutanatã, origine ovarianã. Intrat în redacþie: 12.01.2015 Acceptat: 21.02.2015 Summary Carcinomatous lymphangitis is a rare entity, representing less than 5% of cutaneous metastasis. We present a patient aged 67 years with ovarian carcinoma operated and multi chemo treated, who developed within six years of disease skin lesion right lateral cutaneous metastasis suspicion. The value of rising CA-125 marker and histopathology biopsy were diagnosed the cutaneous carcinomatous lymphangitis with primitive ovarian origin. Treatment consisted of local hyperthermia and systemic chemotherapy with biological and favorable clinical outcome, but prognosis remains reserved. Keywords: cutaneous carcinoma lymphangitis, ovarian origin. Received: 12.01.2015 Accepted: 21.02.2015 Introducere Afectarea metastaticã a pielii este întâlnitã relativ rar în cancer, incidenþa metastazelor cutanate la pacienþii cu cancer metastatic fiind de aproximativ 5%. Limfangita carcinomatoasã, Introduction Damage metastatic skin cancer is relatively rare meeting, incidence of skin metastases in patients with metastatic cancer is approximately 5%. Carcinomatous lymphangitis, also called * Clinica de Dermatologie, Cluj-Napoca. Dermatology Clinic, Cluj-Napoca. ** IOCN, Departamentul Hipertermie. IOCN Department of Hyperthermia. *** IOCN, Departamentul Anatomie Patologicã. IOCN, Department of Pathology. **** IOCN, Departamentul Chimioterapie. IOCN Department of Chemotherapy. 31

denumitã ºi carcinom erizipeloid, reprezintã un tip de metastazã cutanatã rarã, care poate fi localizatã în orice regiune a corpului. Incidenþa descrisã în literaturã este de aproximativ 5% din totalul metastazelor cutanate [1]. Cancerele în care s-a raportat cel mai frecvent limfangita carcinomatoasã cutanatã sunt cancerul mamar la femei, cancerul pulmonar la bãrbaþi, respectiv cancerele digestive la ambele sexe. Simptomele ºi semnele obiºnuite includ papulã sau placard eritematos, însoþite de durere ºi cãldurã localã, care pot descrie tabloul clinic al unei infecþii cutanate locale. Spre deosebire de adevãratele infecþii, limfangita carcinomatoasã cutanatã nu asociazã în mod obiºnuit febra sau leucocitoza [1]. Prezentarea cazului Prezentãm cazul unei paciente de sex feminin, în vârstã de 67 ani, internatã în secþia Chimioterapie a Institutului Oncologic Cluj- Napoca, la care s-a constatat prezenþa unei leziuni cutanate latero-abdominale, debutate relativ acut în urmã cu aproximativ 2 sãptãmâni, însoþitã de febrã (38,2 grade Celsius), stare generalã alteratã, migrene ºi dureri musculare difuze. Pacienta era cunoscutã din anul 2007 cu carcinom papilar seros ovarian stadiul IV (metastaze uterine ºi epiploice) operat chirurgical în septembrie 2007 prin histerectomie totalã, anexectomie bilateralã si omentectomie, chimiotratat adjuvant cu 6 cicluri de Carboplatin. În urma tratamentului combinat, a urmat un interval liber de boalã de 3 ani ºi 6 luni. În anul 2011, pacienta prezintã recidivã axilarã dreaptã, pentru care a urmat 4 cicluri de Carboplatin, sub care valoarea CA-125 creºte. S-a interpretat cazul ca boalã în evoluþie ºi s-a decis schimbarea liniei de chimioterapie ºi administrarea a 7 cicluri Topotecan. CT-ul de evaluare post-chimioterapie evidenþiazã boalã în evoluþie din punct de vedere imagistic ºi se decide administrarea a 6 cicluri Gemcitabinã. Evaluarea imagisticã ulterioarã a pus în evidenþã formaþiuni tumorale pelviabdominale. S-a intervenit chirurgical pentru rezecþia formaþiunilor tumorale. Examenul histopatologic constatã recidivã tumoralã la nivelul rectului, vezicii urinare, fundului de sac Douglas ºi paracolic stang. Pacienta a urmat chimioterapie adjuvantã cu 6 cicluri Cisplatin ºi erysipeloid carcinoma, is a rare type of cutaneous metastasis, which can be located in any region of the body. Described in the literature the incidence is approximately 5% of all skin metastases [1]. The cancers that most frequently reported skin carcinomatous lymphangitis are breast cancer in women, lung cancer in males, respectively digestive cancers in both sexes. Symptoms and signs include papule or erythematosus plaque usually along with pain and local heat that can describe the clinical picture of local skin infection. Unlike the true infections, skin carcinomatous lymphangitis is not typically associated fever or leukocytosis [1]. Case Presentation We present the case of a female patient, aged 67, admitted to the chemotherapy in the Oncology Institute Cluj-Napoca, where it was found the presence of skin lesions lateralabdominal relatively acute onset about two weeks ago, accompanied by fever (38.2 degrees Celsius), malaise, diffuse muscle aches and pains. The patient was known in 2007 with stage IV ovarian serous papillary carcinoma (uterine and epiploic metastases) operated surgical September 2007 through total hysterectomy, bilateral ovariectomy and omentectomy, chemo treated with 6 cycles of adjuvant Carboplatin. Under the combination treatment, followed a disease-free interval of 3 years and 6 months. In 2011, the patient presented right axillary recurrence for which she follwed 4 cycles of Carboplatin, under which the CA-125 increase. It was interpreted as a case of evolving disease and chemotherapy was decided to change the line and Topotecan administration of 7 cycles. CT scan postchemotherapy assessment highlights the evolving disease in terms of imaging and decides to follow 6 cycles of Gemcitabine. Rating subsequent imaging revealed pelvi-abdominal tumor formations. It was a surgical resection of tumor formations. Histopathological examination found tumor recurrence in the rectum, bladder, Douglas bag bottom and left paracolic. The patient followed by 6 cycles adjuvant Cisplatin and Cyclophosphamide. Rating subsequent imaging showed steady illness and decided to continue another 2 cycles of chemotherapy. In parallel with the 6 cylce, skin 32

Fig. 1. Aspectul clinic al leziunii cutanate înainte de tratament Fig. 1. Clinical aspect of skin lesion before treatment Ciclofosfamidã. Evaluarea imagisticã ulterioarã a evidenþiat boalã staþionarã ºi s-a decis continuarea a încã 2 cicluri de chimioterapie. În paralel cu încheierea ciclului 6, se constatã prezenþa unei formaþiuni cutanate la nivelul peretelui toracic lateral drept. La internarea pentru efectuarea ciclului 7, se constatã creºterea în dimensiuni a formaþiunii cutanate ºi se solicitã consult dermatologic. Examenul clinic general a evidenþiat un indice de performanþã = 2 ºi febrã (38,2 grade Celsius). Examenul dermatologic a pus în evidenþã un placard infiltrat, localizat lateroabdominal drept, eritemato-violaceu, de 8/6 cm, indurat, neregulat, cu margini imprecis delimitate (fig. 1). În interiorul leziunii erau palpabile cordoane ferme, sinuoase. Leziunea era însoþitã de durere ºi cãldurã localã. În urma anamnezei ºi a examenului clinic, am stabilit diagnosticul clinic suspiciune de metastazã cutanatã de carcinom papilar seros ovarian. Diagnosticul diferenþial s-a impus cu: erizipel, celulitã, tromboflebitã superficialã migratorie (boala Trousseau), flebitã sclerozantã superficialã (boala Mondor), echimozã (tab. 1). Explorãrile paraclinice au evidenþiat valori elevate ale CA-125 (368,2 U/ml faþã de 171,8 U/ml- valoarea stabilitã în cursul internãrii precedente); hemoleucogramã, probe renale ºi hepatice în limite normale. Ecografia Doppler nu a pus în evidenþã modificãri inflamatorii sau trombotice ale venelor lateroabdominale. Pentru formations indicate the presence on right lateral chest wall. The admission for the performance cycle 7, there is enlargement of the formation of skin and dermatological examination is requested. Clinical examination revealed a general performance index = 2 and fever (38.2 degrees Celsius). Dermatologic examination revealed an infiltrated placard located abdominal sideway right-violet eritemato of 8/6 cm, endured irregular edges imprecisely defined (Fig. 1). Inside the lesion was palpable cords firm, sinuous. The lesion was accompanied by pain and local heat. Following clinical history and physical examination have established the clinical diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis suspected ovarian serous papillary carcinoma. Differential diagnosis has imposed: erysipelas, cellulitis, migratory superficial thrombophlebitis (Trousseau s disease), superficial phlebitis sclerosing (Mondor disease), ecchymosis (tab. 1). Laboratory explorations showed elevated values of CA-125 (368.2 U / ml to 171.8 U / mlvalue established during previous admission); blood count, kidney and liver samples within normal limits. Doppler ultrasound revealed no changes in inflammatory or thrombotic vein abdominal side. For the diagnosis of certainty, local anesthesia with Xiline 1%, to biopsy the lesion, the sample was sent for histopathological examination. 33

Tabel 1 Diagnostic diferenþial Asemãnãri Diferenþe Erizipel - eritem - margini bine delimitate - durere ºi cãldurã localã - limfadenopatie - prezenþa porþii de intrare Celulitã - eritem - edemul este mai sever - durere ºi cãldurã localã - limfadenopatie - febrã - prezenþa porþii de intrare Tromboflebitã superficialã migratorie - eritem - apare de obicei pe suprafeþele (boala Trousseau) - cordon fibros extensoare ale membrelor inferioare [1] - asociere cu afecþiuni maligne Flebitã sclerozantã superficialã - cordon subcutanat ferm, localizat pe - pielea supraiacentã este de aspect (boala Mondor) marginea coastelor normal [1] - durere localã Echimozã - coloraþie eritemato-violacee - necesitatea unui agent cauzator - durere localã (traumã, coagulopatie, etc.) Table 1 Differential diagnosis Similarities Differences Erysipelas - erythema - clearly defined edges - pain and local heat - lymphadenopathy - presence of gateway Cellulitis - erythema - more severe edema - pain and local heat - lymphadenopathy - fever - presence of gateway Migratory superficial - erythema - usually occurs on the extensor thrombophlebitis (Trousseau's disease) - fibrous cord surfaces of the legs [1] - association with malignancy Superficial phlebitis sclerosing - subcutaneous cord firmly located - the overlying skin has normal disease (Mondor) on the coast aspect [1] - local pain Ecchymosis - violet coloration eritemato - the need for a causative agent (trauma, - local pain coagulopathy, etc.) stabilirea diagnosticului de certitudine, în anestezie localã cu Xilinã 1%, s-a efectuat biopsia leziunii, piesa fiind trimisã pentru examen histopatologic. Examenul histopatologic a pus în evidenþã mic fragment de piele, cu trãsãturi microscopice de limfangitã carcinomatoasã, reprezentate de numeroºi emboli tumorali intralimfatici, formaþi din carcinom micropapilar, care, în contextul clinic, aveau cel mai probabil origine ovarianã (fig. 2, 3, 4). Pe baza anamnezei, examenului clinic ºi a explorãrilor paraclinice am stabilit diagnosticul final de metastazã cutanatã de tip limfangitã carcinomatoasã secundarã unui carcinom papilar seros ovarian. Tratamentul leziunii a constat în 7 cicluri de hipertermie localã, cu 3-4 sãptãmâni pauzã între cicluri, realizate în cadrul Institutului Oncologic Histopathological examination revealed small piece of skin with microscopic features of carcinomatous lymphangitis, represented by numerous tumor emboli intra lymphatic, formed from micro papillary carcinoma, which in the clinical setting, they most likely have ovarian origin (Fig. 2, 3, 4). Based on history, clinical examination and laboratory explorations have established the final diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis secondary carcinomatous lymphangitis type of ovarian serous papillary carcinoma. Lesion treatment cycles consisted of seven local hyperthermia with 3-4 weeks off between performed at the Institute of Oncology in Cluj- Napoca, and changing the line of chemotherapy with Taxol and Carboplatine. The patient performed 5 cycles up to date. 34

Fig. 2. Aspectul histopatologic în coloraþie hematoxilinãeoxinã, obiectiv 20X: emboli tumorali intralimfatici, formaþi din carcinom micropapilar Fig. 2. Histopathological appearance in hematoxylin-eoxin staining, 20X objective: intra lymphatic tumor emboli formed from micropapilar carcinoma Fig. 3. Aspectul histopatologic în coloraþie hematoxilinãeoxinã, obiectiv 20X: emboli tumorali intralimfatici, formaþi din carcinom micropapilar Fig. 3. Histopathological appearance in hematoxylin-eoxin staining, 20X objective: intra lymphatic tumor emboli formed from micropapilar carcinoma Fig. 5. Aparatul de hipertermie localã Fig. 5. Local hyperthermia device Fig. 4. Imagine de detaliu histopatologic, evidenþiind emboli tumorali intralimfatici, formaþi din carcinom micropapilar Fig. 4. Detailed image of histopathological highlighting tumor emboli intra lymphatic, formed from micropapilar carcinoma Cluj-Napoca, respectiv schimbarea liniei de chimioterapie, cu introducerea Taxol ºi Carboplatin, pacienta efectuând 5 cicluri pânã în prezent. Hipertermia localã (fig. 5) este o procedurã medicalã prin care un þesut este expus la temperaturi mai mari (41-44 grade Celsius). Principiul metodei se bazeazã pe observaþia cã þesutul malign prezintã o reþea vascularã vastã, dar dezorganizatã. Astfel, aceastã reþea este Local hyperthermia (Fig. 5) is a medical procedure in which a tissue is exposed to higher temperatures (41-44 degrees Celsius). Principle is based on the observation that cancer tissue has a vast vascular network, but disorganized. Thus, the network is unable to dissipate the heat, leading to heat accumulation in cancer tissue, and death of tumor cells without affecting adjacent normal tissue [2]. Local hyperthermia efficiency is proven metastatic cutaneous 35

Fig. 6. Aspectul clinic al leziunii cutanate dupã tratament Fig. 6. The clinical aspect of skin lesions after treatment incapabilã sã disperseze cãldura, conducând la acumularea cãldurii în þesutul malign ºi moartea celulelor tumorale, fãrã afectarea þesutului normal adiacent [2]. Eficienþa hipertermiei locale este doveditã în metastaze cutanate, carcinoame mamare superficiale (în asociere cu radioterapia), sarcoame, recidive axilare sau toracice a unor cancere iradiate în prealabil. Evoluþia sub tratament a fost favorabilã, cu remisie clinicã în proporþie de 90% a leziunii, remisia semnelor inflamatorii, scãderea valorilor CA-125 (162,5 U/ml faþã de 368,2 U/m) ºi menþinerea indexului de performanþã = 2. În urma tratamentului, persistã fibroza perifericã a vasului limfatic, cu dimensiunea de 1 cm, de culoare gri, nedureroasã (fig. 6). Particularitãþile cazului Limfangita carcinomatoasã este o entitate rar întâlnitã în practica clinicã, reprezentând mai puþin de 5% din totalul metastazelor cutanate. Cancerele citate în literaturã care determinã mai frecvent limfangitã carcinomatoasã sunt reprezentate de cancerul mamar la femei, cancerul pulmonar la bãrbaþi, respectiv cancerele digestive la ambele sexe [3,4]. În acest context, incidenþa limfangitei carcinomatoase cutanate cu origine primitivã ovarianã este excepþionalã. Menþionãm de asemenea, ca particularitãþi a acestui caz, debutul relativ acut al leziunii, acompaniat de un sindrom pseudogripal, respectiv rãspunsul clinic bun ca urmare a utilizãrii empirice a hipetermiei locale, în contextul lipsei unui ghid de tratament standardizat al limfangitei carcinomatoase cutanate. superficial mammary carcinomas (in combination with radiotherapy), sarcomas, or thoracic axillary recurrences of cancers previously irradiated. Evolution of therapy was favorable clinical remission rate of 90% of the lesion, remission of inflammatory signs, decrease the level of CA-125 (162.5 U / ml to 368.2 U / m) and maintaining the performance index = 2. Following treatment, persistent fibrosis peripheral lymphatic vessel, with 1 cm, gray, painless (fig. 6). Particularities of the case Carcinomatous lymphangitis is a rare entity in clinical practice, representing less than 5% of cutaneous metastasis. Cancers from literature that determines carcinomatous lymphangitis are the most common cancer in women breast cancer, lung cancer in men and cancers of the digestive both sexes [3,4]. In this context, the incidence of cutaneous origin lymphangitic primitive ovarian carcinoma is exceptional. We also mention the particularities of this case, relatively acute onset of the lesion, accompanied by a flu-like illness or good clinical response as a result of empirical use of local hyperthermia in the context of a lack of standardized treatment guidelines lymphangitic skin carcinoma. 36

Bibliografie/Bibliography 1. Burgdorf WH, Plewig G, Wolff HH et al. Braun-Falco s Dermatology. 3rd ed. Heidelberg: Springer; 2009: 120-122, 926. 2. Hager ED. Locoregional Hyperthermia. In: Madame Curie Bioscience Database [Internet]. Austin (TX): Landes Bioscience; 2000-. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/nbk6347 3. Marcoval J, Moreno A, Peyrí J. Cutaneous infiltration by cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57(October (4)):577 80. 4. Saeed S, Keehn CA, Morgan MB. Cutaneous metastasis: a clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical appraisal. J Cutan Pathol 2004;31(July (6)): 419 30. Conflict de interese NEDECLARATE Conflict of interest NONE DECLARED Adresa de corespondenþã: Correspondance address: Clinica de Dermatologie Cluj-Napoca E-mail: drtataru@yahoo.com Dermatology Clinic Cluj-Napoca E-mail: drtataru@yahoo.com 37