HIV/AIDS in East Asia Yonsei University Graduate School of Global Health Sohn, Myong Sei
Epidemiology
Global summary of the AIDS epidemic, 2008 Number of people living with HIV in 2008 Total Adults Women (aged 15 and above) Children under 15 years 33.4 million [31.1 35.8 million] 31.3 million [29.2 33.7 million] 15.7 million [14.2 17.2 million] 2.1 million [1.2 2.9 million] People newly infected with HIV in 2008 AIDS-related deaths in 2008 Total 2.7 million [2.4 3.0 million] Adults 2.3 million [2.0 2.5 million] Children under 15 years 430 000 [240 000 610 000] Total 2.0 million [1.7 2.4 million] Adults 1.7 million [1.4 2.1 million] Children under 15 years 280 000 [150 000 410 000]
Global estimates for adults and children, 2008 People living with HIV New HIV infections in 2008 Deaths due to AIDS in 2008 33.4 million [31.1 35.8 million] 2.7 million [ 2.4 3.0 million] 2.0 million [1.7 2.4 million]
Regional HIV and AIDS statistics and features, 2008 Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East & North Africa South and South-East Asia East Asia Latin America Caribbean Eastern Europe & Central Asia Western & Central Europe North America Oceania TOTAL Adults & children living with HIV 22.4 million [20.8 24.1 million] 310 000 [250 000 380 000] 3.8 million [3.4 4.3 million] 850 000 [700 000 1.0 million] 2.0 million [1.8 2.2 million] 240 000 [220 000 260 000] 1.5 million [1.4 1.7 million] 850 000 [710 000 970 000] 1.4 million [1.2 1.6 million] 59 000 [51 000 68 000] 33.4 million [31.1 35.8 million] Adults & children newly infected with HIV 1.9 million [1.6 2.2 million] 35 000 [24 000 46 000] 280 000 [240 000 320 000] 75 000 [58 000 88 000] 170 000 [150 000 200 000] 20 000 [16 000 24 000] 110 000 [100 000 130 000] 30 000 [23 000 35 000] 55 000 [36 000 61 000] 3900 [ 2900 5100] 2.7 million [2.4 3.0 million] Adult prevalence (15 49) [%] 5.2 [4.9 5.4] 0.2 [<0.2 0.3] 0.3 [0.2 0.3] <0.1 [<0.1] 0.6 [0.5 0.6] 1.0 [0.9 1.1] 0.7 [0.6 0.8] 0.3 [0.2 0.3] 0.6 [0.5 0.7] 0.3 [<0.3 0.4] 0.8 [<0.8 0.8] Adult & child deaths due to AIDS 1.4 million [1.1 1.7 million] 20 000 [15 000 25 000] 270 000 [220 000 310 000] 59 000 [46 000 71 000] 77 000 [66 000 89 000] 12 000 [9300 14 000] 87 000 [72 000 110 000] 13 000 [10 000 15 000] 23 000 [9100 55 000] 2000 [1100 3100] 2.0 million [1.7 2.4 million] The ranges around the estimates in this table define the boundaries within which the actual numbers lie, based on the best available
Adults and children estimated to be living with HIV, 2008 North America 1.4 million [1.2 1.6 million] Caribbean 240 000 [220 000 260 000] Latin America 2.0 million [1.8 2.2 million] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia 850 000 [710 000 970 000] Middle East & North Africa 310 000 [250 000 380 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 22.4 million [20.8 24.1 million] 1.5 million [1.4 1.7 million] South & South-East Asia East Asia 3.8 million [3.4 Oceania 4.3 million] 59 000 [51 000 68 000] 850 000 [700 000 1.0 million] Total: 33.4 million (31.1 35.8 million)
Estimated number of adults and children newly infected with HIV, 2008 North America 55 000 [36 000 61 000] Caribbean 20 000 [16 000 24 000] Latin America 170 000 [150 000 200 000] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia 30 000 [23 000 35 000] Middle East & North Africa 35 000 [24 000 46 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 1.9 million [1.6 2.2 million] 110 000 [100 000 130 000] East Asia South & South-East Asia 280 000 [240 000 Oceania 320 000] 3900 [2900 5100] 75 000 [58 000 88 000] Total: 2.7 million (2.4 3.0 million)
Estimated adult and child deaths due to AIDS, 2008 North America 25 000 [20 000 31 000] Caribbean 12 000 [9300 14 000] Latin America 77 000 [66 000 89 000] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia 13 000 [10 000 15 000] Middle East & North Africa 20 000 [15 000 25 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 1.4 million [1.1 1.7 million] 87 000 [72 000 110 000] South & South-East Asia 270 000 [220 000 Oceania 310 000] East Asia 2000 [1100 3100] 59 000 [46 000 71 000] Total: 2.0 million (1.7 2.4 million)
Children (<15 years) estimated to be living with HIV, 2008 North America <100 [<100] Caribbean 11 000 [7400 16 000] Latin America 31 000 [22 000 40 000] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia <100 [<100] Middle East & North Africa 15 000 [7600 24 000] Sub-Saharan Africa 1.8 million [1.0 2.5 million] 20 000 [12 000 28 000] East Asia 16 000 [11 000 23 000] South & South-East Asia 140 000 [91 000 Oceania 200 000] 1500 [<1000 2600] Total: 2.1 million (1.2 2.9 million)
Estimated number of children (<15 years) newly infected with HIV, 2008 North America <100 [<100 <200] Caribbean 2300 [1400 3400] Latin America 6900 [4200 9700] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia <100 [<100 <200] Middle East & North Africa 4600 [2300 7500] Sub-Saharan Africa 390 000 [210 000 570 000] 3700 [1700 6000] East Asia 3200 [2100 4500] South & South-East Asia 18 000 [11 Oceania 000 25 000] <500 [<500 <1000] Total: 430 000 (240 000 610 000)
Estimated deaths of children (<15 years) due to AIDS, 2008 North America <100 [<100 <200] Caribbean 1300 [<1000 2100] Latin America 3900 [2100 5700] Western & Eastern Europe Central Europe & Central Asia <100 [<100 <200] Middle East & North Africa 3300 [1600 5300] Sub-Saharan Africa 230 000 [120 000 350 000] 1400 [<500 2700] East Asia 1500 [<1000 2300] South & South-East Asia 11 000 [4900 Oceania 17 000] <100 [<100 <500] Total: 280 000 (150 000 410 000)
Over 7400 new HIV infections a day in 2008 More than 97% are in low- and middle-income countries About 1200 are in children under 15 years of age About 6200 are in adults aged 15 years and older, of whom: almost 48% are among women about 40% are among young people (15 24)
2008 global HIV and AIDS estimates Children (<15 years) Children living with HIV 2.1 million [1.2 2.9 million] New HIV infections in 2008 430 000 [240 000 610 000] Deaths due to AIDS in 2008 280 000 [150 000 410 000]
Challenges
(Millennium Development Goals) Reducing HIV/AIDS is a vital component to achieve MDG
Major Challenges Reduce sexual transmission of HIV Prevent mothers from dying and babies from becoming infected Ensure that people living with HIV receive Anti-Retroviral Treatment Protect drug users from becoming infected
Major Challenges Must ensure that people with HIV/AIDS regardless of their sexual behavior have access to treatment Remove punitive laws, policies, practices, stigmata and discrimination Prevent people living with HIV from dying of tuberculosis
Major Challenges Must empower young people to protect themselves from HIV Enhance social protection for people affected by HIV
Future Directions
Collective Efforts WHO 2011-2015 2015 Global Strategic Framework - Enhance sustainable health sector response to HIV/AIDS State Nations - National action for prevention and increased access to treatment Global Partnership
Emergence of Global Partnerships Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Partners Working towards the common goal of expanding access to health
Thank You