~Health and Development Initiative~ Global Issues Division International Cooperation Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan March 2007 <Current Situations on Global Health> More than 10 million children die of preventable diseases every year in the world More than 500,000 of women die in pregnancy or at childbirth every year 3 million people die of AIDS, 2 million die of tuberculosis, 1 million die of malaria each year International Conferences Joint efforts to tackle health-related issues G 8 Process 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata 1990 World Summit for Children (N.Y.) 1994 10th International Congress on AIDS (Yokohama) International Conference on Population and Development (Cairo) 2000 U.N. Millennium Summit 2001 U.N. General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS Primary Health Care Reproductive Health Millennium Development Goals HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases Venice(1987) Denver(1997) Birmingham(1998) Cologne(1999) Kyushu/Okinawa(2000) Genoa(2001) Kananaskis(2002) Evian(2003) Sea Island(2004) Gleneagles(2005) 1
Health MDGs Goal 4 : Reduce child mortality - Reduce under-five mortality rate by two thirds by 2015 Goal 5 : Improve maternal health - Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters by 2015 Goal 6 : Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other disease - Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS - Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other diseases Japan s contributions to global health Okinawa Infectious Diseases Initiative (IDI) Announced at G8 Kyushu-Okinawa Summit in July 2000. Enhanced support to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, polio, parasitic diseases, and other infections with US$ 3 billion in 5 years (2000-2004). Total contribution : US$ 5.8 billion [by scheme] Grant Aid : US$ 2.7 billion Technical Assistance : US$ 1billion Yen Loans : US$ 1.5 billion [by sub-sector] HIV/AIDS : US$ 448 million T B : US$ 61million Malaria : US$ 43million Polio : US$ 191 million Other diseases : US$ 580 million 2
Main points of the Health and Development Initiative Emphasizing Human Security perspective Cross-sectoral approaches Collaboration and coordination with international development partners Formulation of of aid strategies in in accordance with local needs of of developing countries Strengthening of of research capacities in in the field and implementation of of the initiative based on an understanding of of the local context Assistance for institutional capacity development in in the health sector --Strengthening health systems --Developing human resources capacity --Developing health facilities and and strengthening those functions Cross-sectoral assistance to to support the health sector --Promote gender equality --Incorporate health components and and practices in in its its assistance in in the the education sector --Provide assistance for for water and and sanitation sector --Consider the the health sector s perspectives in in its its assistance for for improving socio-economic infrastructures Contribution to all of the health related MDGs 3
Goal 4: 4: Reduce Child Mortality --expanding immunization for for measles --ensuring access to to Oral Oral Rehydration Salt Salt (ORS) and and safe safe water --ensuring access to to vitamin A and and iodine --providing antibiotics for for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) --distributing insecticide-treated bed bed nets nets and and treatment with with effective anti-malaria drugs --strengthening Integrated Management of of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Goal 5: 5: Improve Maternal Health --ensuring safe safe motherhood by by awareness raising on on contraceptives and and spacing --training health staff staff --distributing equipments and and drugs, and and constructing the the clinics and and hospitals --improving the the access to to health facilities --disseminating Mother-and-Child Health Handbooks and and increasing prenatal medical check-ups Goal 6 :: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target7 :: Have halted by by 2015 2015 and and begun to to reverse the the spread of ofhiv/aids --human resources development for for awareness raising and and sexual and and reproductive health education --control of of sexually transmitted infections --expanding Voluntary Counseling and and Testing (VCT) and and Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (ART) --prevention intervention of of mother-to-child transmission of of HIV HIV --protecting AIDS orphans --establishing a system of of safe safe blood supply 4
Goal 6 :: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target8 :: Have halted by by 2015 2015 and and begun to to reverse the the incidence of of malaria and and other diseases --human resource development --delivering long long lasting insecticide-treated bed bed nets nets and and anti-malaria drugs --raising awareness about prevention of of malaria --supporting DOTS strategy through supplying anti-tb drugs and and test test kits kits --supporting polio eradication program through the the supply of of polio vaccine --treatment and and education through school health care care and and improving household hygiene --promoting South-South cooperation to to control parasitic diseases such such as as filariasis, schistosomiasis, duracunculiasis, onchocerciasis, and and tryipanosomiasis --establishing a world-wide disease surveillance system and and network between institutions and and scientists Strengthening the Japan s aid implementation capacity --Develop its its human resources in in the health sector --Strengthen collaboration and networking within and between various stakeholders such as as government ministries, NGOs, universities and research institutes, and private enterprises --Strengthen monitoring and evaluation systems 5