Immunity 1 Fig. 43.2 2 Skin Mucin-containing mucous membranes Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining skin cells together) 1
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudos2l.jpg http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/ illu_conducting_passages.jpg http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudostl.jpg 4 Goblet cells and ciliated pseudostratified epithelial cells 5 β interferon secreted by the virus-infected cell attracts Natural killer (NK) cells, which produce γ interferon, which attracts macrophages http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/v-h2.jpg 6 2
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/a/a9/vials_of_interferon_image_3549-ph.jpg 7 Natural killer (NK) cell causes apoptosis http://academic.sun.ac.za/haema/dept/lgl.jpg 8 Origin of leukocytes Fig. 42.17 9 3
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/dendriticcell.gif Neutrophils http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/neutrophil.jpg http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curriculum/vm805 4/Labs/Lab6/IMAGES/MONOCYTE%20IN%20SM EAR.JPG http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/blood/eo sinophil3.jpg Monocyte Eosinophil 10 http://www.colorado.edu/kines/class/iphy3430-200/image/figure11a.jpg 11 http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/allcells.jpg 12 4
Macrophages: wandering (below with SEM) and resident (above right with LM) http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curr iculum/vm8054/labs/lab5/image S/MACROPHAGE%20IN%20SITU %20copy.JPG 13 Fig. 43.1 14 Macrophages and Toll-like receptors (TLR) https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/143 Fig. 43.5 15 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/toll-like_receptor 5
Fig. 43.3 Macrophages and phagocytosis via pseudopodia and nitric oxide/lysozyme in lysosomes 16 Where macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes chill out Fig. 43.6 17 Acute inflammation results in extravasation of leukocytes Fig. 43.8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hij_tcqjuwm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=297hcgdxb7k 18 6
Fig. 43.2 19 Antigens and antibodies Antigen-binding sites Antigenbinding sites Epitopes (antigenic determinants) Antibody A Antigen Antibody C C C Antibody B Figure not in current edition of text. 20 Antigenic spikes of flu virus http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 21 7
22 Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and 43.11 23 Blood components (Figure 42.16) 24 8
Origin of leukocytes Fig. 42.17 25 Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 26 Fig. 43.9 B cells and B cell receptors 27 9
Activated B cells proliferate and produce antibodies Fig. 43.10a 28 B cells and antibodies Fig. 43.10b 29 Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and 43.11 30 10
T cells and T cell receptors Fig. 43.11 31 T cells,t cell receptors, and MHCs (major histocompatibility complexes) Fig. 43.12 32 Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 33 11
1. Generation of lymphocyte diversity by gene rearrangement and Extreme diversity for maximum responsiveness Fig. 43.13 34 2. Testing and removal of self-reactive lymphocytes and Self-tolerance. Figure not in text. http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~scobbold/tig/tc.gif 32 35 3. Clonal selection of lymphocytes and Immunological memory/economic deployment Fig. 43.14 (Effector cells) 36 12
No longer in this book. 37 Immunological memory Fig. 43.15 38 Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (blue) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (green) Fig. 43.22 39 13
Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig. 43.22 Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 40 dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig. 43.16) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 41 Fig. 43.22 42 14
dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell http://amolecularmatter.tumblr.com/post/21439294463/field-emission-scanningelectron-microscope-image Pseudo-blue: Dendritic cell Pseudo-yellow: T-lymphocyte Fig. 43.17 43 Fig. 43.17 44 Fig. 43.17 45 15
Fig. 43.17 46 Class of Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Distribution Function IgM First Ig class Promotes neutralization and cross- (pentamer) produced after initial exposure to linking of antigens; antigen; then its very effective in concentration in complement system the blood declines activation J chain IgG (monomer) Most abundant Ig Promotes opsonization, neutralization, class in blood; also present in and cross-linking of tissue fluids antigens; less effective in activation of complement system than IgM IgA (dimer) J chain Present in secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk Only Ig class that crosses placenta, thus conferring passive immunity on fetus Provides localized defense of mucous membranes by cross-linking and neutralization of antigens Figure not in current edition of text. Secretory component Presence in breast milk confers passive immunity on nursing infant IgE (monomer) Present in blood at low concentrations Triggers release from mast cells and basophils of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic reactions IgD (monomer) Transmembrane region Present primarily Acts as antigen on surface of receptor in the B cells that have antigen-stimulated not been exposed proliferation and to antigens differentiation of B cells (clonal selection) 47 Antigen disposal mechanisms: Fig. 43.18-20 48 16
Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig. 43.22 Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 49 dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig. 43.16) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 50 Fig. 43.20 51 17
Fig. 43.17 52 Fig. 43.17 53 Fig. 43.17 54 18
Dendritic cell and HIV https://electron.nci.nih.gov/gallery/dendritic-cell-hiv 55 Dendritic cell http://www.medicineatyale.org/julyaug2006/news/newsarticles/61038/ 56 Dendritic cell and HIV http://www.cell.com/pictureshow/immunology 57 19
Macrophage and bacteria https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/15/7e/50/157e504350ec0f2e3191eb99b496fbf4.jpg 58 Macrophage and Borrelia http://www.cell.com/pictureshow/immunology 59 Macrophage http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/macrophage-cell-tem-steve-gschmeissner.jpg 60 20
B lymphocyte http://image1.masterfile.com/em_w/02/68/51/679-02685103w.jpg 61 B-lymphocyte (yellow) and dendritic cell (blue) http://amolecularmatter.tumblr.com/post/21439294463/field-emission-scanning-electron-microscope 62 B-lymphocyte (right) and T-lymphocyte (left) https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/3/3f/t_and_b_lymphocytes_em10.jpg 63 21
64 22