Immunity 1
Fig. 43.2 2
Skin Mucin-containing mucous membranes Desmosome (attaches keratincontaining skin cells together)
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudos2l.jpg http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/ illu_conducting_passages.jpg http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/pseudostl.jpg 4
Goblet cells and ciliated pseudostratified epithelial cells 5
β interferon secreted by the virus-infected cell attracts Natural killer (NK) cells, which produce γ interferon, which attracts macrophages http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/v-h2.jpg 6
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/a/a9/vials_of_interferon_image_3549-ph.jpg 7
Natural killer (NK) cell causes apoptosis http://academic.sun.ac.za/haema/dept/lgl.jpg 8
Origin of leukocytes Fig. 42.17 9
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/lecture/dendriticcell.gif Neutrophils http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/ghaffar/neutrophil.jpg http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curriculum/vm805 4/Labs/Lab6/IMAGES/MONOCYTE%20IN%20SM EAR.JPG http://cellbio.utmb.edu/microanatomy/blood/eo sinophil3.jpg Monocyte Eosinophil 10
http://www.colorado.edu/kines/class/iphy3430-200/image/figure11a.jpg 11
http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/allcells.jpg 12
Macrophages: wandering (below with SEM) and resident (above right with LM) http://education.vetmed.vt.edu/curr iculum/vm8054/labs/lab5/image S/MACROPHAGE%20IN%20SITU %20copy.JPG 13
Fig. 43.1 14
Macrophages and Toll-like receptors (TLR) https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/143 Fig. 43.5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/toll-like_receptor 15
Fig. 43.3 Macrophages and phagocytosis via pseudopodia and nitric oxide/lysozyme in lysosomes 16
Where macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes chill out Fig. 43.6 17
Acute inflammation results in extravasation of leukocytes Fig. 43.8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hij_tcqjuwm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=297hcgdxb7k 18
Fig. 43.2 19
Antigens and antibodies Antigen-binding sites Antigenbinding sites Epitopes (antigenic determinants) Antibody A Antigen Antibody C C C Antibody B Figure not in current edition of text. 20
Antigenic spikes of flu virus http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/3035/orthomyxoviruses.html 21
22
Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and 43.11 23
Blood components (Figure 42.16) 24
Origin of leukocytes Fig. 42.17 25
Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 26
Fig. 43.9 B cells and B cell receptors 27
Activated B cells proliferate and produce antibodies Fig. 43.10a 28
B cells and antibodies Fig. 43.10b 29
Two main types of lymphocytes: B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes and their epitope-specific receptors Figures 43.9 and 43.11 30
T cells and T cell receptors Fig. 43.11 31
T cells,t cell receptors, and MHCs (major histocompatibility complexes) Fig. 43.12 32
Origin of lymphocytes Figure not in current edition of text. 33
1. Generation of lymphocyte diversity by gene rearrangement and Extreme diversity for maximum responsiveness Fig. 43.13 34
2. Testing and removal of self-reactive lymphocytes and Self-tolerance. Figure not in text. http://users.path.ox.ac.uk/~scobbold/tig/tc.gif 32 35
3. Clonal selection of lymphocytes and Immunological memory/economic deployment Fig. 43.14 (Effector cells) 36
No longer in this book. 37
Immunological memory Fig. 43.15 38
Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (blue) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (green) Fig. 43.22 39
Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig. 43.22 Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 40
dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig. 43.16) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 41
Fig. 43.22 42
dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell http://amolecularmatter.tumblr.com/post/21439294463/field-emission-scanningelectron-microscope-image Pseudo-blue: Dendritic cell Pseudo-yellow: T-lymphocyte Fig. 43.17 43
Fig. 43.17 44
Fig. 43.17 45
Fig. 43.17 46
Class of Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Distribution Function IgM (pentamer) J chain First Ig class produced after initial exposure to antigen; then its concentration in the blood declines Promotes neutralization and crosslinking of antigens; very effective in complement system activation IgG (monomer) Most abundant Ig class in blood; also present in tissue fluids Promotes opsonization, neutralization, and cross-linking of antigens; less effective in activation of complement system than IgM IgA (dimer) J chain Present in secretions such as tears, saliva, mucus, and breast milk Only Ig class that crosses placenta, thus conferring passive immunity on fetus Provides localized defense of mucous membranes by cross-linking and neutralization of antigens Figure not in current edition of text. Secretory component Presence in breast milk confers passive immunity on nursing infant IgE (monomer) Present in blood at low concentrations Triggers release from mast cells and basophils of histamine and other chemicals that cause allergic reactions IgD (monomer) Transmembrane region Present primarily on surface of B cells that have not been exposed to antigens Acts as antigen receptor in the antigen-stimulated proliferation and differentiation of B cells (clonal selection) 47
Antigen disposal mechanisms: Fig. 43.18-20 48
Two branches of adaptive immunity: (1) Humoral immune response (left) and (2) cell-mediated immune response (right) Fig. 43.22 Notice centrality of the helper T cell! 49
dendritic cell or macrophage or B cell Centrality of the helper T cell (Fig. 43.16) (CD4) Dendritic cell: esp. naïve helper T cells (e.g., primary immune response) Macrophage: esp. memory helper T cells (e.g., secondary immune response) B cell: esp. during humoral response to an already activated helper T cell 50
Fig. 43.20 51
Fig. 43.17 52
Fig. 43.17 53
Fig. 43.17 54
Dendritic cell and HIV https://electron.nci.nih.gov/gallery/dendritic-cell-hiv 55
Dendritic cell http://www.medicineatyale.org/julyaug2006/news/newsarticles/61038/ 56
Dendritic cell and HIV http://www.cell.com/pictureshow/immunology 57
Macrophage and bacteria https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/15/7e/50/157e504350ec0f2e3191eb99b496fbf4.jpg 58
Macrophage and Borrelia http://www.cell.com/pictureshow/immunology 59
Macrophage http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large/macrophage-cell-tem-steve-gschmeissner.jpg 60
B lymphocyte http://image1.masterfile.com/em_w/02/68/51/679-02685103w.jpg 61
B-lymphocyte (yellow) and dendritic cell (blue) http://amolecularmatter.tumblr.com/post/21439294463/field-emission-scanning-electron-microscope 62
B-lymphocyte (right) and T-lymphocyte (left) https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/3/3f/t_and_b_lymphocytes_em10.jpg 63
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