Anatomy and Physiology, Spring 2015 Exam II: Form A April 9, 2015 Name Student Number For Questions 1 2 refer to the following table. 1 Ventricular pressure is greater than aortic 6 AV valve is open 2 Ventricular pressure is less than aortic 7 SL valve is closed 3 Ventricular volume is constant 8 SL valve is open 4 Ventricular volume is decreasing 9 Atrial repolarization is occurring 5 AV valve is closed 10 Ventricular depolarization is occurring 1. Just prior to the QRS wave, which of the following MUST BE TRUE? a. 2, 6 & 7 b. 2, 6, 7 & 9 c. 2, 6, 7 & 10 d. 2, 3, 6 & 7 e. 2, 3, 6, 7 & 9 2. Immediately after the second heart sound, which of the following MUST BE TRUE? a. 1. 3, 5, 7 b. 3, 5, 7 c. 3, 5, 7, 9 d. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 e. 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 3. Of the following, which would be the most immediate effect on tissue perfusion if the capacity of the lymphatic system decreased? a. More fluid would be forced through the capillary wall at the arterial end b. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure would increase c. Osmotic pressure at the arterial end would increase d. Osmotic pressure at the venous end would decrease e. Less fluid would be forced through the capillary wall at the venous end 4. In regards to the coronary vessels, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The circumflex artery supplies blood to the right ventricle b. Blood cannot enter into the coronary arteries during ventricular systole c. The right coronary artery gives rise to the marginal branches d. The anterior interventricular artery is the second branch off the left coronary artery e. A & B 5. In regards to the Circle of Willis (COW), all of the following are true EXCEPT: a. The vertebral arteries pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae b. The anterior cerebral arteries branch off the anterior communicating artery c. Blood that flows through two separate paths
d. Blood entering the brain through the vertebral arteries must pass through the basilar artery e. B & D 6. In regards to blood flow of the upper appendage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The radial artery delivers blood to the lateral arm b. The circumflex artery delivers blood to the glenoid joint c. The median cubital vein connects basilic and cephalic veins d. The basilic drains blood from the superficial medial forearm e. The cephalic vein drains into axillary vein 7. In regards to vessels arising from the aortic arch, which of the following is TRUE? a. For blood to reach the first two intercostal spaces, blood must flow through the third branch off the aorta b. The second branch off the aorta gives rise to two paths by which blood can reach the brain c. Blood that travels in the right internal carotid must leave the aorta via the second branch d. To reach the right side of the face, blood must leave the aorta via the second branch e. The brachiocephalic artery indirectly supplies blood to the right side of the anterior abdomen For Question 8, refer to the following table. 1 AV valves are open 6 Aortic pressure exceeds ventricular 2 AV valves are closed 7 Aortic pressure is less than ventricular 3 Semilunar valves are open 8 Atria are repolarizing 4 Semilunar valves are closed 9 Atria are depolarizing 8. The left ventricle has just achieved its maximum pressure. Which of the above is likely to be TRUE? a. 2, 3 & 6 b. 2, 3, 6 & 8 c. 2, 3, 6 & 9 d. 2, 4 & 7 e. 2, 4, 7 & 8 For Question 9, refer to the following table. 1 Peripheral resistance increases 6 Venous return increases 2 Peripheral resistance decreases 7 Venous return decreases 3 Vasomotor activity increases 8 Heart rate increases 4 Vasomotor activity decreases 9 Heart rate decreases 9. Which of the above result when the parasympathetic system is activated? a. 1, 3, 6 & 9 b. 1, 3 & 7 c. 2, 3, & 7 d. 2, 4 & 6 e. 2, 4 & 9
10. In regard to the vessels that from the external carotid artery, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The facial artery branches after the lingual artery b. The maxillary artery branches after the occipital artery c. The superior thyroid artery delivers blood to the larynx d. The occipital artery delivers blood to the posterior surface of the orbit e. The superficial temporal artery is the last branch 11. Of the following, which of the following is the probable effect of a substance that reduces Na+ movement during the 0 phase of a cardiac action potential? a. EDV will increase b. Heart rate will decrease c. Threshold will be reached more slowly d. ESV will decrease 12. In regards to blood flow of the lower appendage, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Blood from the deep lateral leg drains into the fibular vein b. All blood entering the leg must first pass through the popliteal artery c. Veins conveying blood from the superficial leg must pass through the popliteal vein before reaching the femoral vein d. A & C e. B & C 13. At the point in the pacemaker potential when K+ channels have entered the closed state, which of the following are also likely to be TRUE? a. Ca2+ efflux is greater than Na+ influx b. Na+ channels are closed c. Membrane potential of the pacemaker cells is less than threshold potential d. A & B e. A, B & C For Question 14 refer to the following table. 1 Venous return increases 7 Peripheral resistance increases 2 Venous return decreases 8 Peripheral resistance decreases 3 EDV increases 9 Heart rate increases 4 EDV decreases 10 Heart rate decreases 5 Contractile strength increases 11 BP increases 6 Contractile strength decreases 12 BP decreases 14. Of the following, which describes the effect that decreasing ADH secretion has on blood pressure? a. 1, 3, 5 & 11 b. 1, 3 & 11 c. 2, 4, 6 & 12
d. 2, 4 & 12 e. 2, 4, 5 & 11 15. All of the following are characteristics of capillary beds EXCEPT: a. Pre-capillary sphincters control blood flow into true capillaries b. Thoroughfare channels allow blood to bypass true capillaries c. Fenestrated capillaries are more permeable than continuous capillaries d. Large molecules can pass through the plasma membranes of sinusoidal capillaries e. Sinusoidal capillaries are more permeable than continuous capillaries 16. In regards to hormonal factors affecting blood pressure, which of the following is TRUE? a. Angiotensin II has the same effect as activation of the vasomotor system b. Aldosterone increases the absorption of Na+ from the loop of henle c. ANP is released under conditions that increase ESV d. Renin stimulates the PVN to release ADH e. A & D 17. Which of the following pathologies is the most likely immediate effect of a blockage in the right coronary artery? a. Heart block in the right atrium b. Ischemia in the left atrium c. Ischemia in the right ventricle d. Ischemia in the left ventricle e. Necrosis in the right atrium 18. In regards to EKG s, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The atria depolarize during the P wave b. Following the T wave, the atria and the ventricles may be in diastole c. All atrial events occur during the Q-T interval d. The QRS wave is the sum electrical events occurring in the SA node during ventricular depolarization 19. In regards to the anatomy of the heart, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The inner layer of the pericardium is formed from the epicardium b. Squamous epithelial tissue lines the valves and internal structures of the heart c. Most of the mass of the heart is made up of myocardium d. When the heart is in diastole, oxygen can diffuse from the heart chambers into the surrounding myocardium e. Cardiac muscle tissue is organized as circular rings around the atria and ventricles 20. Of the following, which signals the immune system that a host cell has been infected by a pathogen? a. The infected cell binds with a cytotoxic T cell b. The infected cell becomes an APC
c. The infected cell activates a B cell d. The infected cell releases histamine e. The infected cell releases cytokines 21. In regards to the induction of immune response, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. The lag during the secondary response is greater than the lag during the primary response b. During primary response, naïve helper T cells are activated c. During the secondary response, more numerous antigen presenting cells are produced d. During primary response, lymphocytes differentiate into B cells e. A & C 22. Which of the following factors contributes LEAST to the return flow of blood through veins back to the heart? a. The pressure gradient from venules to vena cava b. Pressure developed in the abdominal cavity during respiration c. Compression of veins when blood flows through arteries that lay close to them d. Compression of veins when skeletal muscles surrounding them contract e. Contraction of smooth muscle in the tunica media of veins 23. In regards to the valves and chambers of the heart, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Chordae tendineae anchor valve cusps to papillary muscles b. The aortic semilunar valve is closed at the time of the T wave c. The atrioventricular valves are closed at the time of the second heart sound d. The AV valves prevent blood from entering the atria during ventricular systole 24. In regards to immunity, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. All healthy humans are likely to have naturally acquired active immunity b. Most children in the United States are likely to have artificially acquired active immunity c. Adults with naturally acquired passive immunity are likely to have breastfed d. Artificially acquired passive immunity can only occur in a medical environment e. All of the above are TRUE 25. All of the following are characteristics of the intrinsic conductance system EXCEPT: a. The bundle branches begin in the AV node b. Cells in the SA generate the pacemaker potential c. Bundle branches are only found in the ventricles d. The AV node allows current to enter the atria from the ventricles e. A & D 26. Complications of hepatitis C include the production of antibodies against angiotensinogen. Which of the following is the likely effect of these antibodies on cardiac function? a. Decreases peripheral resistance b. Decreases stroke volume c. Increases cardiac output d. A & B
e. A, B & C 27. In regards to the anatomy of blood vessels, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. All blood vessels have tunica interna that include simple squamous epithelium b. The tunica media of arterioles include more smooth muscle than the tunica media of venules c. Continuous capillaries are the least permeable type of capillary d. The vasa vasorum is a system of elastic fibers that allow conducting vessels to expand under pressure 28. Based on cardiovascular function discussed in class, all of the following treatments would increase blood pressure EXCEPT: a. Administering a drug that inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system b. Administering a drug that increases Ca2+ channel permeability c. Administering a drug that increases Na+ channel permeability d. Administering a drug that increases the absorption of Na+ from the distal tubule of the kidney e. A & B 29. In regards to blood flow from organs of the abdominal cavity, which of the following is NOT TRUE? a. Blood from all digestive organs enters the inferior vena cava via the hepatic veins b. Blood from the transverse colon enters the liver through the superior mesenteric vein c. The paired lumbar veins drain into the inferior vena cava d. The left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the left renal vein e. Blood from the external genitalia is returned to the inferior vena cava via the iliolumbar vein 30. Of the following, which is (are) a distributing artery that branches from the thoracic aorta? a. Inferior phrenic arteries b. Internal thoracic artery c. Subscapular artery d. Costocervical trunk e. None of the above