Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Achilles tendon injury of, pathophysiology of, 10 peritendinitis of, 119 120 rupture of, 32 35, 117 135 anatomy of, 117 118 chronic, 126 130 delayed, 126 130 diagnosis of, 120 121 etiology of, 119 120 incidence of, 118 119 pathophysiology of, 11 platelet-rich plasma for, 160 162 recurrent, 126 130 treatment of, 120 130 tendinopathy of, 119 120 in dancers, 146 147 orthoses for, 171 172 platelet-rich plasma for, 160 162 tendinosis of, 26 32 Achillon System, 125 Adduction stress test, for ankle instability, 90 Advancement flaps, for reconstruction, in diabetes mellitus, 211 216 AirSport brace, for ankle instability, 141 Anatomic repair, of ankle instability, 94 97 Ankle anterior impingement syndrome of, 148 149 chronic instability of, 87 104 anatomy of, 88 89 conservative treatment of, 93 94 diagnosis of, 90 93 examination of, 89 90 history of, 89 90 mechanism of injury in, 89 surgical management of, 94 101 lateral instability of, 105 115 in dancers, 140 142 orthoses for, 180, 182 physical therapy for, 196 posterior impingement syndrome of, 147 148 synovitis of, 105 115 Clin Podiatr Med Surg 28 (2011) 217 227 doi:10.1016/s0891-8422(10)00116-3 podiatric.theclinics.com 0891-8422/11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
218 Index Anterior drawer test for ankle instability, 90 91, 141 for plantar plate tear, 58 Arthrodesis of subtalar joint, for calcaneal fracture, 203 209 of tarsometatarsal complex, for Lisfranc injuries, 75 77 Arthrography for ankle instability, 92 93 for turf toe injuries, 46 Arthroscopy for ankle anterior impingement syndrome, 148 for ankle instability, 92 93 Athletic injuries. See also specific locations and type of injuries. chronic instability, 87 104 dance, 137 154 etiology of, 1 18 in competition, 2 in high school children, 2 in practice, 2 lateral ankle triad, 105 115 new technologies for, 19 41 orthoses for. See Orthoses. overuse, 2, 10 12, 58, 150 151 pathophysiology of, 1 18 platelet-rich plasma for, 155 170 prevention of, 3 rehabilitation for, 189 201 Augmentation, of Achilles tendon, 123 124 B Ballet injuries. See Dance injuries. Ballroom dancing injuries. See Dance injuries. Bone graft, platelet-rich plasma for, 163 165 Bone stimulation treatment for Jones fracture, 81 for sesamoid injuries, 47 Brace, for ankle instability, 141 Broström procedure, for ankle instability, 94 97 Bunnell technique, for Achilles tendon rupture, 32, 123 C Calcaneal fractures, subtalar joint arthrodesis for, 203 209 Calcaneal varus, instability in, 4 5 Calcaneocuboid joint subluxation, in dancers, 149 150 Capsulitis, in dancers, 144 Cartilage injury, platelet-rich plasma for, 162 163 Cast for Achilles tendon rupture, 121 122 for Jones fracture, 81
Index 219 Cavus foot instability in, 4 5 orthoses for, 183 185 Centrifugation, for platelet-rich plasma preparation, 157 158 Chrisman-Snook procedure, for ankle instability, 97 99 Chuckpaiwong classification, of Jones fractures, 79 Cold therapy, 194 Computed tomography for Achilles tendinosis, 27 for ankle instability, 92 93 for dance injuries, 139 140 for Jones fractures, 80 for Lisfranc injuries, 72 for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 24 Cryotherapy, 194 D Dance injuries, 137 154 Achilles tendon, 146 147 ankle anterior impingement syndrome, 148 149 ankle posterior impingement syndrome, 147 148 ankle sprain, 140 142 biomechanics of, 138 139 calcaneocuboid joint subluxation, 149 150 dancer characteristics and, 137 138 evaluation of, 139 fractures, 151. See also Jones fractures. hallux abducto valgus, 142 143 hallux limitus/rigidus, 142 heel pain, 145 146 imaging for, 139 140 metatarsalgia, 143 145 peroneal tendinitis, 149 150 plantar fasciitis, 145 146 shin splints, 150 151 training age and, 151 turf toe, 142 143 types of, 140 Delayed union, of Jones fractures, 78 Diabetes mellitus calcaneal fracture in, subtalar joint arthrodesis for, 203 209 soft tissue reconstruction in, external fixation for, 211 216 Dislocation, Lisfranc, 69 77 Dorsal drawer test, for plantar plate tear, 58 E Ecchymosis, of Lisfranc injuries, 71 Edema, in Lisfranc injuries, 71 Electrical stimulation, 194
220 Index Endobuttons, for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 25 End-to-end repair, of Achilles tendon, 122 123 Enthesopathy, Achilles tendon, 146 147 Entrapment neuropathies, in dancers, 144 Equinus deformity, lateral ankle triad and, 108 109 Ethibond sutures, for Achilles tendon rupture, 33 Ethyl vinyl acetate orthoses, 173 174 Evans procedure, for ankle instability, 97 Exercises, 195 196 External fixation for soft tissue reconstruction, in diabetes mellitus, 211 216 for subtalar joint arthrodesis, 203 209 Extracellular matrix scaffolding, for Achilles tendon rupture, 33 35 Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, for Achilles tendinosis, 27 28 F Fascial flaps, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 125 FiberLoop sutures, for Achilles tendon rupture, 32 33 FiberWire, for Achilles tendon repair, 33, 123 Flaps, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 125 Flatfoot, orthoses for, 172 175 Flexor hallucis longus tendon tendinopathy of, 147 148 transfer of, for Achilles tendon rupture, 127 130 Flexor-to-extensor transfer, for plantar plate tear, 63 66 Footwear evaluation of, before physical therapy, 193 for dance, 139, 143, 146 for hallux injuries, 51 for plantar plate tear, 60 61 for turf toe injuries, 46 orthoses for. See Orthoses. Forefoot valgus, instability in, 4 5 Fractures. See also Stress fractures. calcaneal, 203 209 hallux, 44 45 in dancers, 151 Jones, 15 16, 77 84, 141 142 Lisfranc, 69 77 malleolus, 14 metatarsal, 4 5, 15, 49 51, 145 navicular, 13 14 pathophysiology of, 13 16 sesamoid, 47 48 Shepherd, 147 148 Freiberg disease, in dancers, 145 G Gould modification of Broström procedure, for ankle instability, 94 97 Graft, tendon
Index 221 for Achilles tendon rupture, 123 124 for ankle instability, 100 101 GraftJacket, for Achilles tendon rupture, 34, 123 H Haglund deformity, in dancers, 146 147 Hallux anatomy of, 43 44 deviation of, 52 53 fractures of, 44 45 ingrown nail in, 53 joint injuries in, 47 48 lacerations of, 51 53 ligamentous injury of, 9 sesamoid injuries near, 47 48 turf toe injuries of, 45 47, 142 143 wounds of, 51 53 Hallux limitus in dancers, 142 orthoses for, 175 176 Hallux rigidus in dancers, 142 orthoses for, 177 178 Hammertoe, with plantar plate tear, 62 63 Hardcastle classification, of Lisfranc injuries, 20, 71 Healing of soft tissue, promotion with off-loading, 211 216 phases of, 156, 194 platelet-rich plasma for, 156 157, 165 166 Heat therapy, 194 Heel pain, in dancers, 145 146 Heel spur syndrome in dancers, 145 146 orthoses for, 178 181 Hyperkeratosis, 145 I Immobilization, for Jones fracture, 81 Impingement syndrome, of ankle anterior, 148 149 posterior, 147 148 Internal fixation for Lisfranc injuries, 21 23, 74 76 for metatarsal fractures, 50 for subtalar joint arthrodesis, 203 209 for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 24 25 Interosseous sutures, for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 25 Intramedullary screw fixation, for Jones fracture, 82 83 Inversion stress test, for lateral ankle triad, 107
222 Index J Jones fractures, 77 84 anatomy of, 77 78 classification of, 78 79 diagnosis of, 79 80 historical view of, 77 in dancers, 141 142 mechanisms of injury in, 78 pathophysiology of, 15 16 predisposing factors in, 79 treatment of, 15 16, 81 84, 141 142 types of, 77 K Kelikian push-up test, for plantar plate tear, 59 Kessler technique, for Achilles tendon repair, 32, 123 Krakow technique, for Achilles tendon repair, 32 33, 123 Kuwada classification, of Achilles tendon ruptures, 127 L Lacerations, of hallux, 51 53 Lachman test, for plantar plate tear, 58 Laser therapy, 194 Lateral ankle triad, 105 115 anatomy of, 106 107 clinical findings in, 107 imaging for, 108 predisposing factors in, 108 109 treatment of, 110 113 Lateral plantar neuritis, in dancers, 149 150 Lauge-Hansen classification, of tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 23 Ligament(s), injury of, pathophysiology of, 3 9 Ligament plication technique, for plantar plate tear, 63 Lindholm procedure, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 Lisfranc injuries, 69 77 anatomy of, 70 causes of, 69 classification of, 71 diagnosis of, 71 73 incidence of, 69 mechanisms of, 69 70 sprains, 8 9 subtle dislocation, 19 23 treatment of, 73 77 Local advancement flaps, for reconstruction, in diabetes mellitus, 211 216 M Magellan Autologous Platelet Separator System, 29 30, 157 158 Magnetic resonance imaging
Index 223 for Achilles tendinosis, 27 for Achilles tendon rupture, 121 for ankle instability, 92 93, 141 for dance injuries, 139 140 for Jones fractures, 80 for lateral ankle triad, 108 for Lisfranc injuries, 8, 72 for plantar plate tear, 60 for sprains, 6 for turf toe injuries, 46 47 Malleolus, stress fracture of, 14 Manual therapy, 194 195 Matles test, for Achilles tendon rupture, 120 Matrixectomy, for ingrown nail, 53 Mechanotherapy, theory of, 196 Metatarsal(s) fifth, fracture of. See Jones fractures. first fractures of, 49 51 plantarflexed, instability in, 4 5 second, osteonecrosis of, 145 stress fracture of, 15 Metatarsal head, shortening of, for plantar plate tear, 63 Metatarsal pad, for plantar plate tear, 61 Metatarsalgia in dancers, 143 145 orthoses for, 182 183 Metatarsophalangeal joint first limited motion of, in dancers, 142 sprain of, 45 47 injury of, 9 second, injury of, 58 sesamoid injuries near, 47 48 Microtenotomy, for Achilles tendinosis, 30 31 Mini TightRope system, for Lisfranc dislocation, 21 23 Minimal incision repair, for Achilles tendon rupture, 125 Morton extensions, for hallux rigidus, 177 178 Myerson classification of Achilles tendon ruptures, 127 of Lisfranc injuries, 71 N Nail disorders, 53, 145 Navicular body, stress fracture of, 13 14 Nerve entrapment, in dancers, 144 Neuritis, in dancers, 144 Neuromas, in dancers, 144 Nonunion, platelet-rich plasma for, 164 Nunley and Vertullo classification, of Lisfranc injuries, 71
224 Index O Off-loading, in soft tissue reconstruction, 211 216 Open reduction for Lisfranc injuries, 21 23, 74 76 for metatarsal fractures, 50 for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 24 25 Orthoses, 171 187 break-in of, 185 follow-up for, 185 186 for Achilles tendonitis, 171 172 for dancing shoes, 146 for hallux limitus, 175 176 for hallux rigidus, 177 178 for heel spur, 178 181 for lateral ankle instability, 180 182 for metatarsalgia, 182 183 for pes cavus, 183 185 for pes planus, 172 175 for plantar fasciitis, 178 181 for plantar plate tear, 60 61 patient education for, 185 186 Os trigonum syndrome, in dancers, 147 148 Osteoarthritis, platelet-rich plasma for, 162 163 Osteonecrosis, of second metatarsal, in dancers, 145 Osteotomy, of metatarsal head, for plantar plate tear, 63 Overuse injuries, 2 of plantar plate, 58 of tendons, 10 12 shin splints, 150 151 P Paratenonitis, 10 11 Percutaneous techniques, for Achilles tendon rupture, 125 Peritendinitis, of Achilles tendon, 119 120 Peroneal tendinitis, in dancers, 149 150 Peroneal tendons injury of, 12 13 tears of, in lateral ankle triad, 105 115 Peroneus brevis tendon transfer, for Achilles tendon rupture, 127 Pes cavus, orthoses for, 183 185 Physical therapy, 189 201 evaluation for, 191 193 foot type considerations in, 192 193 for Jones fracture, 83 84 goals for, 193 injury mechanism and, 191 interventions used in, 194 progression of, 194 198 statistics on, 189 190 therapist background for, 190 191
Index 225 Plantar fasciitis in dancers, 145 146 orthoses for, 178 181 platelet-rich plasma for, 159 160 Plantar plate tears, 57 68 anatomy of, 57 58 causes of, 57 58 evaluation of, 58 60 in dancers, 144 treatment of, 60 66 Plantaris tendon graft, for Achilles tendon rupture, 123 124, 127 Platelet-rich plasma, 155 170 acquisition of, 157 158 action of, 156 157 clinical uses of, 159 composition of, 155 for Achilles tendinopathy and rupture repair, 28 29, 31, 33 35, 160 162 for bone augmentation, 163 165 for cartilage injury, 162 163 for plantar fasciitis, 159 160 for plantar plate tears, 61 for wound healing, 165 166 Posterior tibial tendon, injury of, pathophysiology of, 11 12 Posterior tibiotalar impingement syndrome, 147 148 Prolene, for Achilles tendon repair, 123 Proprioception, impairments in, physical therapy for, 196 197 Q Quenu-Kuss classification, of Lisfranc injuries, 71 R Radiofrequency techniques, for Achilles tendinosis, 30 31 Radiography for Achilles tendinosis, 27 for Achilles tendon rupture, 120 121 for ankle instability, 90 93, 141 for Jones fractures, 80 for lateral ankle triad, 108 for Lisfranc injuries, 8, 20, 72 73 for metatarsal fractures, 50 51 for plantar plate tear, 59 60 for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 24 for turf toe injuries, 46 Rehabilitation, after Lisfranc dislocation repair, 23 Rotational flaps, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 125 S Scaffolding extracellular matrix, for Achilles tendon rupture, 33 35 for Achilles tendon rupture, 123 124
226 Index Screw fixation for Jones fracture, 82 83 for Lisfranc injuries, 74 75 for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 24 25 Sesamoid, injuries of, 47 48, 144 Shepherd fracture, 147 148 Shin splints, in dancers, 150 151 Shoes. See Footwear. Silfverskiöld procedure, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 Skin disorders, in dancers, 145 Soft tissue reconstruction, in diabetes mellitus, external fixation for, 211 216 Splinting, for turf toe injuries, 46 Split flexor tendon transfer, for plantar plate tear, 63 66 Sprains ankle chronic instability after, 87 104 in dancers, 140 142 lateral instability after, 105 115 evaluation of, 5 6 Lisfranc joint, 20 23 pathophysiology of, 3 9 treatment of, 5 6 turf toe injuries, 45 47, 142 143 Stewart classification, of Jones fractures, 78 79 Stress fractures in lateral ankle triad, 108 metatarsal, 50 51 pathophysiology of, 13 16 Stress radiography for ankle instability, 90 92 for Lisfranc injuries, 73 Subtalar joint arthrodesis of, for calcaneal fracture, 203 209 chronic instability of, 87 104 anatomy of, 89 conservative treatment of, 93 94 diagnosis of, 90 93 examination of, 89 90 history of, 89 90 mechanism of injury in, 89 surgical management of, 94 101 Suture-endobutton device, for Lisfranc dislocation, 21 23 Sutures, for Achilles tendon rupture, 32 35 Swiss DolorClast system, for Achilles tendinosis, 28 Syndesmotic TightRope system, for tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, 25 Synovectomy, for capsulitis, 144 Synovitis, in lateral ankle triad, 105 115 T Talar tilt test, for ankle instability, 90 91 Taping, for plantar plate tear, 60 61
Index 227 Tarsometatarsal joint/tarsometatarsal complex, injuries of, 69 77 Telos device, for ankle instability imaging, 91 Tendinopathy, Achilles, 119 120, 160 162, 171 172 Tendinosis Achilles, 26 32 peroneal, in dancers, 149 150 Tendon(s) injury of, pathophysiology of, 9 13 rupture of, 10 Tendon graft for Achilles tendon rupture, 123 124 for ankle instability, 100 101 Tendon transfer, for Achilles tendon rupture, 127 130 Tendonitis, 10 12 Tenodesis, for ankle instability, 97 101 Thompson test, for Achilles tendon rupture, 120 Tibial varum, instability in, 4 5 Tibiofibular syndesmosis injury, 23 25 TissueMend, for Achilles tendon rupture, 123 Toe(s). See also Hallux. turf, 45 47, 142 143 Tongue-in-groove procedure, for Achilles tendon rupture, 127 Topaz MicroDeBrider, for Achilles tendinosis, 30 31 Torg classification, of Jones fractures, 79 Turf toe injuries, 45 47, 142 143 Turndown flaps, for Achilles tendon rupture, 124 125 U Ulceration, of hallux, 51 53 Ultrasonography for Achilles tendon rupture, 121 for dance injuries, 139 for lateral ankle triad, 108 for plantar plate tear, 60 University Foot and Ankle Institute lateral ankle triad review by, 111 113 plantar plate tear procedures of, 62 66 W Warts, in dancers, 145 Watson-Jones procedure, for ankle instability, 97 Wounds healing of advancement flaps for, 211 216 platelet-rich plasma for, 165 166 of hallux, 51 53