3/23/ Update on Amino Acids & Energy Research Nutritional Frontiers Jose Soto, Ph.D. Vita Plus Corporation Outline Amino Acid and Energy Vitamins and Minerals Update on Feed Additives Modeling to optimize profits 1
3/23/ How does Vita Plus evaluate new products and nutritional concepts? Actively involved in key scientific meetings Continuously evaluate peer reviewed research Meet with vendors Build network of key contacts inside and outside swine industry Collaborate with key players (Universities and suppliers) Evaluate external research trials Conduct our own research Background Continuous advancements in the genetics of modern pigs have resulted in superior growth performance and protein accretion, and potentially altering dietary nutrient. For growing-finishing pigs, providing optimum dietary Lys is crucial for maximum lean growth and optimizing feed cost. Although considerable research has been conducted to determine the optimum Lys requirement for swine, there are limited data reporting the Lys requirements at heavier market weights. 2
ADG, g G:F 3/23/ Maximum response for ADG ADG - QP ADG - Observed 1,100 1,050 1,000 950 900 850 800 750 700 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 SID Lys, % ADG, g = -350 + 4236 (% SID Lys) 3414 (% SID Lys) 2 Maximum response for G:F G:F - QP (BIC=278.1) G:F - Observed 0.370 0.55% SID Lys 98% Max G:F 0.350 0.330 0.310 0.290 0.63% SID Lys 100% Max G:F 0.270 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 SID Lys, % G:F (QP) = 71 + 809 (% SID Lys) 639 (% SID Lys) 2 G:F (BLL) = 324 163 (0.55 - % SID Lys) when SID Lys < 0.55% 3
3/23/ Feeding optimal SID Lysine levels The dietary SID Lysine levels on the previous slides were optimal under the conditions of the study You can use mentor growth modeling to determine optimal dietary SID Lysine levels to feed to YOUR pigs. Dietary energy Feed accounts for up to 75% of pork production cost, with energy alone representing 50% or more of the total cost. Thus, the first and most important step in diet formulation is to set the energy concentration. To set the optimal energy level in the diet, we must know how an incremental change in dietary energy affects factors such as: diet cost, growth (ADG, G:F), and carcass traits (yield, lean). Even though energy is the most expensive component of the diet, the level used in formulation is often based on history or impact on diet cost rather than an indepth analysis to determine the most economical level. 4
Max G:F (%) 3/23/ ADG at various levels of dietary NE Nitikanchana et al. (2015). J. Anim. Sci. 93:2826-2839 Impact of dietary energy on G:F 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 2,500 2,700 2,900 3,100 3,300 3,500 3,700 Dietary ME, Kcal/kg 5
3/23/ Impact of increasing NDF on carcass yield Coble et al. (2015). Measuring the impact of NDF on carcass yield Yield, % = 0.03492 WP (d) 0.05092 NDF1 (%) 0.06897 NDF2 (%) 0.00289 (NDF2 (%) WP (d)) + 76.0769 1 Data from 8 trials were used to develop the model. NDF1 (%) = NDF concentration in dietary phase before final dietary phase. NDF2 (%) = NDF concentration in final dietary phase before marketing. WP (d) = Withdrawal period. 6
Net energy, Kcal/kg 3/23/ Application of the model Scenario i. Six phase feeding program. ii. Corn-soybean meal-ddgs based diets. iii. User specified had an inclusion of 20% DDGS, with an average NE equal to 1,132 kcal/lb and 13% NDF, across dietary phases. iv. To create the NE range diets were formulated to contain 0 and 40% DDGS. v. Corn $3.35/bu, Soybean meal 350.60 $/ton, DDGS 153.00 $/ton, L-Lys $0.79/lb. Dynamic scenario variables definition i. Carcass pricing modified from lower-priced ($0.40/lb) to high-priced ($0.90/lb). ii. Economic evaluation based on carcass and fixed time basis. Carcass price, $0.40/lb Current 1,170 1,150 1,130 1,122 1,110 1,104 1,097 1,090 1,083 1,070 1,050 1,130 Recommended 1,110 1,159 1,150 1,150 1,145 1,140 1,119 1,030 50-75 75-125 125-175 175-210 210-250 250-285 Weight range by dietary phase (lb/pig) 7
Net energy, Kcal/kg 3/23/ Carcass price, $0.40/lb Item Current Recommended ADG, lb 2.15 2.14 F/G 2.90 2.93 ADFI, lb 6.24 6.28 Carcass yield, % 73.4 73.9 Total feed cost, lb/pig 58.87 58.22 Gross income, $/pig 83.68 83.48 IOTC 1 Carcass, $/pig -50.08-49.04 Difference, $/pig --- 1.04 1 Income over total cost Carcass price, $0.90/lb Current Recommended 1,170 1,159 1,159 1,150 1,145 1,150 1,140 1,130 1,122 1,130 1,120 1,119 1,110 1,104 1,093 1,097 1,090 1,070 1,050 50-75 75-125 125-175 175-210 210-250 250-285 Weight range by dietary phase (lb/pig) 8
3/23/ Carcass price, $0.90/lb Item Current Recommended ADG, lb 2.15 2.15 F/G 2.90 2.92 ADFI, lb 6.24 6.26 Carcass yield, % 73.4 74.0 Total feed cost, lb/pig 58.87 58.47 Gross income, $/pig 188.27 188.00 IOTC 1 Carcass, $/pig 54.52 52.20 Difference, $/pig --- 1.68 1 Income over total cost Economic model for optimum NE V2.6 Model settings Economics & System Performance Nutritional program 9
3/23/ Take home message 1. The dietary SID Lysine: Increasing levels of a nutrient in diet formulation will often produce a linear increase in diet cost; therefore, if the law of diminishing returns applies, formulating diets slightly below the requirement for some nutrients can potentially be more economical. 2. Dietary NE: is an important predictor of growth performance in growingfinishing pigs. The extent of the improvement in growth performance provided by dietary NE can be minimized if the amino acids or other nutrients are limiting. 3. NE economic model: The model developed can be utilized to predict the value of dietary NE that yields the most economical return to the production system. Vitamins & Minerals Leah Gesing Technical Sales and Service 10
3/23/ Vitamins and minerals Vitamin and mineral requirements for today s highly prolific sows, and high performing but health challenged pigs Vitamin-mineral interactions must be considered Ex - Ca, P, and Vitamin D Differences in vitamin or mineral bioavailability dependent on form Related performance improvements Sodium and chloride Pigs don t have salt requirement Must formulate to sodium and chloride requirement Effects of increasing sodium on performance of nursery pigs. Item Sodium Level, % of diet P < 0.13 0.21 0.29 0.37 0.45 SEM Linear Day 0-14 ADG, lb. 0.43 0.48 0.52 0.56 0.56 0.023 <0.001 ADFI, lb. 0.68 0.67 0.7 0.72 0.74 0.021 0.015 F/G 1.6 1.45 1.38 1.3 1.33 0.048 <0.001 Shawk et al, 2017 11
3/23/ Phytase Impact on digestibility of other nutrients Superdosing Phytase and Calcium Superdosing cont d Keeping an eye on new research coming out in grow-finish Digestibility of calcium in ingredients and performance impacts at differing dietary calcium levels 12
3/23/ Dietary calcium level impact on nursery pig performance Gonzalez-Vega, 2016 Current nursery research & takeways Iowa State What is the optimum total Calcium to available Phosphorus ratio in nursery pig diets? Take-aways Although there is much still to be understood in vitamin and mineral nutrition, we are committed to evaluating external research and carrying out our own research to answer those questions that are relevant to producers, and their bottom line. 13
3/23/ What s Happening With Feed Additives? Dean Koehler Vita Plus Technical Services Manager In 2016 we were haunted by the looming specter of VFDs The swine industry has gotten used to VFDs We get a VFD if we need to use a medically important antimicrobial to treat disease in our pigs Antibiotic growth promotion using medically important antibiotics has ended 14
3/23/ No more Growth Promotion using: Chlortetracycline Lincomycin Neo-Terramycin Penicillin Virginiamycin (Stafac) Oxytetracycline Tylosin (Tylan) Remaining Growth Promoters: Antibiotic Growth Promoters Bacitracin zinc (Albac) BMD Bambermycins (Flavomycin) Carbadox (Mecadox) Ionophore Narasin (Skycis) Repartitioning Agent Ractopamine (Paylean, Engain) 15
3/23/ What is currently happening? There has been modest interest in the use of antibiotic replacement additives Acidifiers Antibody Products Bacteriostatic minerals (Cu, Zn) Botanicals Enzymes Essential Oils Organic Acids Prebiotics Probiotics Direct-fed Microbials Yeast Products Combination Products Where are we today? And what does the future hold? There are MANY classes of additives and A LOT of individual products Listing of Direct-Fed Products www.microbialcompendium.com 16
3/23/ www.microbialcompendium.com -specific additives: 113 Enzyme products 112 Yeast products 78 Bacterial products 30 Oligosaccharide products Not listed: Acidifiers, Botanicals, Essential Oils, Organic Acids How do we sort all this out? Evaluate the options Review scientifically valid data to screen options Conduct research on promising products or compounds Responses to many products are HIGHLY variable Agents act at the gut level Interact with the gut microbiome 17
3/23/ Gut microbes are important Gut microbiome (microbiota) 150-200 lb human body consists of about 10 trillion cells 150-200 lb human has about 100 trillion microorganisms in their intestines The same is true of a 150-200 lb pig There are 10x more gut microorganisms than there are living cells in the host (pig or human)!!! What can pork producers do? Don t forget the feed additives that have already been proven that are still available CuSO4, TBCC, ZnO Chromium Superdose Phytase Sarsaponin Xylanase 18
3/23/ Xylanase impacts on Grow-Finish mortality 5 4 3 2 1 0 Percent Mortality by Xylanase Dose (U/kg) 0 3000 6000 9000 Hanor (Dean Boyd) xylanase research Rush, Remus & Boyd, Res Memo 2014-12 Looking for energy release, ADG, F/G responses Saw consistent reductions in Grow- Finish mortality (8 of 8 trials) due to xylanase additions What can pork producers do? Review needs and options (for therapy and growth promotion) Involve your veterinarian and feed supplier in decision making Don t fall for marketing and hype Paylean replacement 19
3/23/ Replacement? How can Vita Plus help? Feel free to contact Vita Plus if you have questions about products being represented as antiobiotic replacements or growth promotants OUR GOAL: Applying scientific knowledge to find farm-specific solutions for YOUR specific situation 20
3/23/ Full Throttle Modeling to Optimize Profits Nutritional Frontiers Nate Brown Vita Plus Corporation Full Throttle Model Start with the end in mind. Sell as many pounds as possible within the preferred weight & carcass merit range at a given packer (Throughput) Do this at the least possible cost (Resource Utilization) Simple Concept Complicated Execution 21
MOFC $/pig Number of Pigs 3/23/ Full Throttle Model Assessing Throughput Assumptions WF perspective 12 lb start weight 1.60 ADG 10% CV Group Distribution Days Available 179 Specific Packer grid Full Throttle Model $105.00 Throughput Results 1000 Head Group; 1.60 ADG @ 179 Days 140 $100.00 $95.00 $90.00 Opportunity Cost 120 100 $85.00 80 $80.00 60 $75.00 $70.00 $65.00 40 20 $60.00 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 275 285 295 305 315 325 335 345 355 Live Wt (lb) Number of Pigs MOFC $/pig 0 22
3/23/ Full Throttle Model Analyze the current throughput situation Calculate the current opportunity cost Model intervention strategies Analyze the economic impact of those interventions Full Throttle Model Interventions to impact throughput Increase/Decrease Days Available Increase/Decrease ADG The Full Throttle Model enables us to what if these types of throughput interventions and look at bottom line impact Lets go to the Full Throttle Model 23
3/23/ Full Throttle Model Take Homes: Assess your current throughput situation ADG Days Available Calculate that against your packer grid to determine opportunity cost The Full Throttle Model can be used as a tool to evaluate strategies to modify throughput to optimize profits The Vita Plus team is here to help you accomplish your goals 24