Preface p. v Acknowledgments p. vii Introduction p. 1 Objectives p. 1 Goals p. 2 History of Dental Materials p. 3 The Oral Environment p. 4 Characteristics of the Ideal Dental Material p. 5 Quality Assurance Programs p. 6 Characteristics of Materials p. 9 Objectives p. 9 Classes of Materials--Examples in Dentistry p. 10 Metals p. 10 Ceramics p. 14 Polymers p. 15 Structure of Materials p. 18 Bonding p. 18 Atomic Arrangements p. 18 Physical Characteristics p. 19 Thermal and Electrical Properties p. 19 Solubility and Sorption p. 21 Adhesion p. 23 Color and Esthetics p. 25 Corrosion p. 27 Mechanical Characteristics p. 30 Types of Forces p. 31 Stress and Strain p. 31 Stress-Strain Diagram p. 32 Other Properties p. 34 Biologic Characteristics p. 35 Summary p. 36 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 37 Preventive Materials p. 41 Objectives p. 41 Pit and Fissure Sealants p. 42 History and Rationale p. 42 Materials p. 45 Handling and Placement of Resin-Based Sealants p. 47 Preventive Resin Restorations p. 50 Fluoride-Releasing Agents p. 51 Gels and Varnishes p. 51
Glass Ionomers p. 53 Resins p. 54 Mouthguards p. 54 Summary p. 56 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 56 Intermediary Materials and Cements p. 59 Objectives p. 59 Definition of Terms p. 60 Varnishes p. 60 Uses of Varnishes p. 60 Types of Varnishes p. 61 Handling and Placement of Varnishes p. 62 Characteristics of Varnishes p. 62 Liners p. 63 Uses of Liners p. 63 Types of Liners p. 63 Handling and Placement of Liners p. 66 Characteristics of Liners p. 67 Bases p. 70 Uses of Bases p. 70 Types of Bases p. 70 Handling and Placement of Bases p. 71 Characteristics of Bases p. 71 Cements p. 73 Uses of Cements p. 73 Types of Cements p. 74 Handling and Placement of Cements p. 76 Characteristics of Cements p. 79 Summary p. 81 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 82 Direct Esthetic Anterior Restoratives p. 85 Objectives p. 85 Historical Perspective p. 86 Uses of Composites, Glass Ionomers, and Compomers p. 87 Dental Composites p. 88 Types and Packaging p. 88 Composition p. 89 Handling and Mixing p. 94 Setting Reaction p. 96 Finishing p. 98 Characteristics and Properties p. 98
Clinical Performance p. 100 Glass Ionomers p. 101 Types and Packaging p. 101 Composition p. 102 Mixing p. 103 Handling p. 105 Setting Reaction p. 106 Characteristics and Properties p. 108 Clinical Performance p. 108 Compomers p. 109 Enamel and Dentin Adhesives p. 110 Enamel Adhesives p. 110 Dentin Adhesives p. 110 Summary p. 115 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 116 Direct Posterior Restoratives p. 119 Objectives p. 119 Amalgam p. 120 Uses p. 121 Types and Composition p. 121 Mixing and Handling p. 123 Setting Reaction p. 127 Characteristics and Properties p. 130 Clinical Success p. 134 Composites p. 135 Uses p. 135 Types and Composition p. 136 Mixing and Handling p. 136 Setting Reaction p. 138 Characteristics and Properties p. 138 Clinical Success p. 139 Direct Filling Gold p. 140 Summary p. 142 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 143 Materials for Inlays, Onlays, Crowns, and Bridges p. 147 Objectives p. 147 Types of Materials p. 148 Metals: Some Basic Concepts p. 148 Producing the Metallic Structure p. 149 Deformation of Metals p. 150 Alloying p. 152
Metals: Composition, Properties, and Preparation p. 154 Noble Metal Alloys p. 154 Base Metal Alloys p. 157 Ceramics: Some Basic Concepts p. 158 Ceramics: Composition, Properties, and Preparation p. 159 Dental Porcelains p. 159 Other Dental Ceramics p. 162 Repair of Porcelain and Ceramic Restorations p. 165 Composites: Composition, Properties, and Preparation p. 165 Reinforced Composites p. 168 Summary p. 170 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 170 Impression Materials p. 173 Objectives p. 173 Uses of Impression Materials in Dentistry p. 174 Composition of Impression Materials p. 177 Inelastic Materials p. 177 Elastic Materials: The Hydrocolloids p. 178 Elastic Materials: The Elastomers p. 179 Mixing and Handling of Impression Materials p. 183 Inelastic Materials p. 183 Elastic Materials: The Hydrocolloids p. 184 Elastic Materials: The Elastomers p. 190 Characteristics of Impression Materials p. 194 Flexibility p. 194 Accuracy p. 195 Tear Strength p. 196 Stability p. 196 Dimensional Change p. 196 Surface Wetting p. 197 Working and Setting Time p. 197 Disinfection of Impression Materials p. 198 Summary p. 198 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 199 Dental Plaster and Stone p. 203 Objectives p. 203 Uses of Gypsum Products in Dentistry p. 204 Composition of Plaster, Stone, and Gypsum p. 204 Handling and Mixing p. 205 Dispensing p. 207 Mixing p. 207
Cleanup p. 209 Setting Time p. 209 Water-to-Powder Ratio p. 209 Gypsum Contaminants p. 210 Additives p. 210 Mixing Time p. 211 Temperature p. 211 Setting Expansion p. 211 Water-to-Powder Ratio p. 212 Properties: Strength and Hardness p. 212 Types of Plasters and Stones p. 213 Impression Plaster p. 214 Laboratory or Model Plaster p. 214 Laboratory Stone p. 214 Die Stone p. 214 High-Strength, High-Expansion Die Stone p. 214 Pouring and Trimming a Gypsum Cast p. 215 Disinfection of Stone Casts or Dies p. 219 Summary p. 219 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 220 Provisional Restoratives p. 223 Objectives p. 223 Uses of Provisional Restoratives in Dentistry p. 224 Types of Provisional Restoratives p. 224 Zinc Oxide Eugenol p. 224 Acrylic p. 227 Composites p. 227 Aluminum Crowns, Denture Resins, and Others p. 228 Mixing and Placing an Acrylic Provisional Restorative p. 230 Single-Tooth Provisional Restoration p. 230 Provisional Bridge p. 231 Summary p. 233 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 234 Materials for Cast Restorations p. 237 Objectives p. 237 Casting: The Basic Concept p. 238 Waxes p. 238 Uses in Dentistry p. 238 Types and Characteristics p. 238 Die Materials p. 241 Uses in Dentistry p. 241
Types and Characteristics p. 241 Investment Materials p. 242 Uses in Dentistry p. 242 Types and Characteristics p. 242 The Lost Wax Casting Process p. 244 Summary p. 252 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 253 Polymers for Prosthetics p. 255 Objectives p. 255 Polymeric Materials: The Basics p. 256 Definitions and Uses in Dentistry p. 256 Chemistry of Polymerization p. 257 Polymer Size and Its Effects p. 258 Polymer Structure and Its Effects p. 259 Properties of Polymers p. 260 Prosthetic Resins p. 262 Denture Base Materials p. 262 Denture Liners and Conditioners p. 269 Other Resin Systems p. 270 Production of a Heat-Processed Denture p. 271 Construction of an Acrylic Custom Tray p. 274 Summary p. 278 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 278 Metal Alloys for Orthodontics, Prosthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry p. 281 Objectives p. 281 Uses of Metal Alloys in Dentistry p. 282 Types of Alloys p. 282 Stainless Steels p. 282 Cobalt-Chromium Alloys p. 284 Pure Titanium and Titanium Alloys p. 285 Nickel-Chromium Alloys p. 286 Properties of Alloys p. 286 Alloys for Orthodontic Wires p. 287 Alloys for Prosthodontics p. 288 Biocompatibility p. 290 Summary p. 291 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 291 Abrasion and Polishing p. 293 Objectives p. 293 Definitions and Theory of Finishing p. 294 Factors Affecting Finishing p. 295
Hardness p. 295 Shape p. 296 Size p. 296 Pressure p. 297 Speed p. 297 Lubrication p. 297 Instruments Used in Cutting and Abrading p. 298 Composition of Abrasives p. 299 Prophylaxis Pastes, Dentifrices, and Denture Cleansers p. 302 Finishing Procedures p. 304 Composites p. 304 Amalgam p. 305 Alloys p. 306 Ceramics and Porcelains p. 307 Acrylics p. 308 Summary p. 308 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 308 Dental Implants p. 311 Objectives p. 311 Uses of Implants in Dentistry p. 312 Types of Dental Implants p. 312 Composition of Implant Materials p. 315 Metals p. 315 Ceramics p. 316 Coated Metals p. 317 Clinical Factors Concerning Implants p. 318 Criteria for Patient Selection p. 318 Criteria for Clinical Success p. 318 Summary p. 319 Study Questions and Problem Solving p. 320 Glossary p. 322 Dental Materials Products p. 333 Dental Product Manufacturers p. 337 Answers to the Study Questions p. 341 Index p. 343 Table of Contents provided by Blackwell's Book Services and R.R. Bowker. Used with permission.