Table of Contents GENERAL... 1 Regulations History... 1 Applicability... 4 Implementation Dates... 5 Definitions... 5 Employee Admission of Alcohol/Drug Use... 10 Employee Test Notification... 11 Non-DOT Testing... 11 What the Regulations do NOT Require... 11 PROHIBITIONS/CONSEQUENCES... 1 Alcohol Prohibitions... 1 Drug Prohibitions... 1 Consequences... 2 Penalties... 7 Part 392... 9 TESTS REQUIRED... 1 Pre-Employment Testing... 1 Post-Accident Testing... 4A Random Testing... 8 Reasonable Suspicion Testing... 12L Return-to-Duty Testing... 15 Follow-up Testing... 15 TESTING PROCEDURES... 1 Alcohol Testing Procedures... 1 Drug Testing Procedures... 11 RECORDKEEPING... 1 Security... 1 Required Records... 1 Location of Records... 3 MIS Data Collection... 4 Access to Facilities and Records... 12 Medical Review Officer Reporting and Recordkeeping... 13 Employee Drug Test Notifications... 14 Previous Employer Test Information... 14
INFORMATION AND TRAINING... 1 Policy Required... 1 Supervisor Training... 3 Referral, Evaluation, and Treatment... 3 EMPLOYER PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION INTRODUCTION... 1 EMPLOYEE POLICIES & PROCEDURES... 1 Program Preparation... 1 Issues Common to Alcohol and Drug Testing... 2 Joining a Consortium... 9 Drug Testing... 17 Alcohol Testing Program... 30 The SAP (Substance Abuse Professional) Function... 31 EAPs & RELATED PROGRAMS... 1 What exactly is an EAP?... 1 What types of EAPs are available?... 2 How much does an average EAP cost?... 3 What are the benefits of an EAP?... 4 How does an EAP work?... 5 WhocanusetheEAPservice?... 5 WhatstepsshouldwetaketoestablishanEAP?... 5 What about confidentiality?... 9 How can we encourage utilization?... 11 What about other treatment and rehab programs?... 11 What other options are available?... 13 Americans with Disabilities Act... 13 TRAINING FOR SUPERVISORS... 1 Training Considerations... 1 Training Content... 2 ALCOHOL & DRUG EFFECTS... 1 Effects of Alcohol... 1 How Alcohol Impairs Functions Needed for Driving... 7 Effects of Drugs... 9 The Warning Signs of Substance Abuse... 20 Detection Times... 21 SAMPLE FORMS... 1
POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION... 1 Legal Considerations... 3 Policy Guidelines... 5 LEGAL ISSUES LEGAL FOUNDATION... 1 Omnibus Transportation Employee Testing Act of 1991... 1 The Constitutionality of the Regulations... 4B Judicial Developments... 8 Private Right of Action... 12 STATE LAW CONSIDERATIONS... 1 Preemption... 1 Summary of State Drug Testing Laws... 5 Wrongful Discharge... 8A Lawful Products Discrimination... 20 Legalization Issues... 24 COMMUNICATIONS SURROUNDING DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS... 1 Defamation... 1 Invasion of Privacy... 4 Privileged Communications... 10 IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS... 1 The Impact of the Regulations on FMLA Rights... 1 Negligence... 3 Workers Compensation... 15 Unemployment Compensation... 18 Miscellaneous Considerations... 20 ADA CONSIDERATIONS... 1 The ADA and DOT Regulations... 1 Drug and Alcohol Use as Disabilities... 3 Threat to Others... 11 Unlawful Discrimination and Reasonable Accommodation... 12 State Handicap Discrimination Laws... 15 IMPLEMENTATION IN UNION ENVIRONMENTS... 1 Considerations Under the NLRA... 1 Arbitration... 10
NLRA Preemption... 23 National Master Freight Agreement (NMFA)... 28 REGULATIONS INTRODUCTION... 1 PART 382 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES AND ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING... 1 Sec. 383.51 Disqualification of drivers.... 19 21 CFR 1308 Schedules of Controlled Substances... 22 PART 40 PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS... 1 PART 391 QUALIFICATIONS OF DRIVERS AND LONGER COMBINATION VEHICLE (LCV) DRIVER INSTRUCTORS... 1 INTERPRETATIONS... 1 Part 382... 1 Part 40... 17 DOT Guidance on Consortia and Third-Party Administrators... 36 DOT Guidance for Reporting Specimen Validity Test Results... 40 Part 40 Additional Questions and Answers... 49 DOT Drug and Alcohol Regulations and HIPAA... 66 Other Frequently Asked Questions... 67 PROPOSALS... 1 REFERENCE OMNIBUS TESTING ACT... 1 U.S. CODE SECTION 521... 1 PART 199 DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING (PIPELINES)... 1 PART 219 CONTROL OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG USE (RAIL)... 1 PART 655 PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL MISUSE AND PROHIBITED DRUG USE (TRANSIT)... 1 CERTIFIED DRUG TESTING LABS... 1
NHTSA PRODUCT LISTS... 1 Breath Testing Devices... 1 Calibration Devices... 5 Alcohol Screening Devices... 7 DOT AGENCY CONTACTS... 1 Washington DOT Headquarters Offices... 1 FMCSA Resource Centers... 4 Field Offices... 5